Search (2699 results, page 135 of 135)

  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Jäger, K.: Seele gesucht (2001) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 6.2005 16:18:28
  2. Haravu, L.J.: Lectures on knowledge management : paradigms, challenges and opportunities (2002) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Knowledge organization 30(2003) no.1, S.42-44 (D. Mercier): "This work is a collection of lecture notes following the 22"d Sarada Ranganathan Endowment Lectures which took place in Bangalore, India, from 4-6 December 2000. This compilation has been divided into four sections: historical introduction, compilation of several definitions about knowledge and its management, impacts of knowledge management (KM) an information professionals and, review of information technologies as tools for knowledge management. The aim of this book is to provide "a succinct overview of various aspects of knowledge management, particularly in companies" (p. v). Each chapter focuses an a dominant text in a specific area. Most of the quoted authors are known consultants in KM. Each chapter is similarly handled: a review of a dominant book, some subject matter from a few other consultants and, last but not least, comments an a few broadly cited cases. Each chapter is uneven with regards to the level of detail provided, and ending summaries, which would have been useful, are missing. The book is structured in two parts containing five chapters each. The first part is theoretical, the second deals with knowledge workers and technologies. Haravu begins the first chapter with a historical overview of information and knowledge management (IKM) essentially based an the review previously made by Drucker (1999). Haravu emphasises the major facts and events of the discipline from the industrial revolution up to the advent of the knowledge economy. On the whole, this book is largely technology-oriented. The lecturer presents micro-economic factors contributing to the economic perspective of knowledge management, focusing an the existing explicit knowledge. This is Haravu's prevailing perspective. He then offers a compilation of definitions from Allee (1997) and Sveiby (1997), both known for their contribution in the area of knowledge evaluation. As many others, Haravu confirms his assumption regarding the distinction between information and knowledge, and the knowledge categories: explicit and tacit, both actions oriented and supported by rules (p. 43). The SECI model (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995), also known as "knowledge conversion spiral" is described briefly, and the theoretically relational dimension between individual and collectivities is explained. Three SECI linked concepts appear to be missing: contexts in movement, intellectual assets and leadership.
  3. Oehlschläger, S.: Aus der 47. Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme am 3. und 4. November 2004 in Wien (2005) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 1.2005 18:53:53
  4. Lipow, A.G.: ¬The virtual reference librarian's handbook (2003) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 3.2004 14:46:50
  5. Baumgärtel, T.: "Mosaic" der Datenwelt : Vor zehn Jahren erschien der erste einfache Webbrowser - und damit die Grundlage für den Erfolg des Internets (2003) 0.00 
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    Content
    "Kornfelder. Nichts als Kornfelder, so weit das Auge reichte. Das sah Tim Berners-Lee aus dem Autofenster, als er auf dem Weg zum National Center of Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in Urbana-Champaign zum ersten Mal in seinem Leben durch Illinois fuhr. Ein Elite-Informatik-Institut ist so ziemlich das Letzte, was man indem landwirtschaftlich geprägten amerikanischen Bundesstaat im mittleren Westen erwarten würde. Doch das NCSA spielt in der kurzen Geschichte des Internets eine entscheidende Rolle. An dem kaum bekannten Forschungsinstitut wurde vor zehn Jahren ein Computerprogramm entwickelt, dessen Bedeutung Technikhistoriker schon jetzt mit der der Dampfmaschine; oder des Telefons vergleichen: Am 22. April 1993 veröffentlichten Studenten und Mitarbeiter im Internet den Webbrowser "Mosaic" - eine Software, mit der man durch das Netz surfen kann. Auch wenn das Programm einer Öffentlichkeit jenseits von Informatikern und Netzfreaks unbekannt sein dürfte, ist seine Bedeutung gar nicht zu überschätzen: Vor "Mosaic" gab es auf der ganzen Welt einige hundert Websites, Ende 1993 waren es bereits einige tausend, und in den nächsten Jahren sollte sich ihre Zahl manchmal im Wochenrhythmus verdoppeln. Der Siegeszug des Internets begann mit "Mosaic". Das Programm hat das Internet zu einem Massenmedium gemacht. Ohne "Mosaic" gäbe es heute keine Online-Publizistik und keinen E-Commerce, kein Amazon und kein E-Bay. Nach einem halben Jahr hatten eine Million Internet-Surfer das Programm heruntergeladen. Heute finden sich Nachfolgerprogramme wie der "Netscape Navigator" oder der "Internet Explorer" auf so gut wie jedem Computer mit Internet-Anschluss. Schöpfer der historischen Software waren der Student Marc Andreessen und der wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter Eric Bina: In einem Keller des NCSA hatte sie mit einigen Kommilitonen in nächtelangen Programmier-Sessions die erste Version von "Mosaic" geschrieben. Diese Leute wollte Tim Berners-Lee im März 1993 treffen, denn er war selbst der Schöpfer des World Wide Web (WWW): 1990 hatte der britische Physiker am Kernforschungszentrum Cern in Genf einige technische Regeln definiert, die es leichter machen sollten, im Internet, einem damals noch weitgehend unbekannten akademischen Computernetzwerk, Informationen zu veröffentlichen und zu lokalisieren. Das Web erfreute sich unter Wissenschaftlern schnell einer gewissen Beliebtheit, aber die Programme, mit denen man sich im WWW bewegte, waren für Laien zu schwierig und konnten nur Text anzeigen. "Mosaic" dagegen wurde per Mouse-Klick bedient und zeigte Bilder und Grafiken. Darauf hatte Berners-Lee schon seit einiger Zeit gewartet. Denn der Wissenschaftler mit dem bescheidenen, ja fast schüchternen Auftreten hatte eine große Vision: Er wollte aus dem Internet "ein einzigartiges, universelles und leicht zu bedienendes Hypertext-Medium machen, mit dem man jede Art von Information teilen kann, wie er später in Vorträgen und Interviews immer wieder betonte. Darum hatte er in der Anfang der 90er Jahre noch kleinen und unüberschaubaren InternetSzene geduldig und mit viel Diplomatie darauf hingearbeitet, dass sein Internet-Code namens Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) als Quasi-Standard für Daten im Web akzeptiert wurde. Nachdem ihm das gelungen war, musste nun ein Programm her, das die Daten lesen konnte. Berners-Lee unterstützte die Programmierer der ersten viel versprechenden Browser -"Cello", "Arena" oder "Lynx" - per E-Mail. Die Gruppe aus dem NSCA dagegen hatte es Anfang 1993 ganz unabhängig von ihm geschafft: ein Programm für das Internet, das nicht nur Informatiker bedienen konnten! Wie ein Besessener schrieb Andreessen, der sich zeitweise von Milch und Keksen ernährte, mit seinen Kommilitonen an immer neuen und verbesserten Versionen von "Mosaic".
  6. Walther, R.: ¬Die "cacouacs" und der Baum des Wissens : Kein Pardon für Narren und Tyrannen: 250 Jahre Encyclopédie von Diderot und d'Alembert (2001) 0.00 
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    Content
    Das Projekt gewann erst an Konturen, als Le Breton drei weitere Pariser Verleger für das Geschäft interessieren konnte. Als Herausgeber engagierten die vier Verleger 1746 Abbé Jean-Paul Gua de Malves, als Übersetzter Denis Diderot (1713-1784) und Jean Le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), einen glänzenden Astronomen und Mathematiker. Bevor die Arbeiten anfingen, zerstritten sich die Verleger mit Gua de Malves. Nun sollten Diderot und D'Alembert Herausgeber und Übersetzer werden. Das scheiterte zunächst daran, dass Diderot am 22. Juli 1749 nach einem berüchtigten Geheimbefehl ("lettre de cachet") verhaftet und in Vincennes inhaftiert wurde. Man hielt ihn - zu Recht, aber unbeweisbar - für den Verfasser der 1745 in Amsterdam anonym gedruckten Philosophischen Gedanken und traute ihm auch die schlüpfrigen Geschichten unter dem Titel Die indiskreten Kleinode (1748) zu. Während der Haft intervenierten die Verleger beim Kanzler d'Aguesseau. Dieser wie auch der Justizminister d'Argenson sahen in der Encyclopédie der philosophes" ein Projekt zum Ruhme Frankreichs und zur Schande Englands". Nach 103 Tagen kam Diderot wieder frei. Teile des Hofes und der Klerus beobachteten das Unternehmen Encyclopédie von Anfang an mit Misstrauen. Die Jesuiten vom Journal de Trévoux entdeckten im ersten Band ein Defizit: Es fehlten die Namen von Königen, Gelehrten, Heiligen", während viele heidnische Gottheiten" vorkamen. Sie machten die philosophes" unter dem erfundenen Wort eacouacs" zum Gespött. Noch 1952 charakterisierte die katholische Zeitschrift Études die Encyclopédie als die fürchterlichste Maschine, die jemals gegen die Religion in Stellung gebracht" wurde. Nachdem Abbé Jean-Martin de Prades - Autor des Artikels Gewissheit - in seiner Dissertation die These vertreten hatte, die Heilungen durch Jesus Christus glichen methodisch jenen des griechischen Arztes Äskulap, brach ein Sturm der Entrüstung aus. De Prades musste fliehen. Klerikale Einflüsterungen erreichten, dass der Staatsrat am 7. Februar 1752 gegen die ersten beiden Bände der Encyclopédie eine "scharfe Missbilligung" aussprach. Das war ein faktisches Verkaufsverbot, aber keine Rücknahme des Druckprivilegs. Man konnte nicht nur weiterarbeiten, sondern die Regierung bat die Herausgeber direkt weiterzumachen auch zum Schutz der Eigentumstitel der Subskribenten. Allerdings sollten künftig drei theologisch gebildete Zensoren jeden Artikel abzeichnen. Eingefädelt hatte das alles, wie Arthur M. Wilson, der beste Diderot-Kenner, gezeigt hat, Chrétien Guillaume de Malesherbes. Malesherbes war der Chef des Buchwesens und der Zensurbehörde - zugleich Freund und Förder der Encyclopédie.
  7. Kageura, K.: ¬The dynamics of terminology : a descriptive theory of term formation and terminological growth (2002) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 3.2008 18:18:53
  8. Smiraglia, R.P.: On sameness and difference : an editorial (2008) 0.00 
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    Date
    12. 6.2008 20:18:22
  9. Rüegg, J.C.: ¬Der freie Wille im Zwielicht (2008) 0.00 
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    Source
    Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.189 vom 14.8.2008, S.22
  10. Behrens-Neumann, R.: Aus der 53. Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme am 6. und 7. November 2007 in München (2008) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 2.2008 13:51:27
  11. Strzolka, R.: ¬Das Internet als Weltbibliothek : Suchmaschinen und ihre Bedeutung für den Wissenserwerb (2008) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Neben Anwendungen und Beispielen aus verschiedenen Ländern belegt der Autor anhand beeindruckender Beispiele, wie wenig sinnstiftend Wort-/Wortsstammfilter sind (Seite 84 bis 91). Ein Hauptproblem in der Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft sieht er darin: »Die Bequemlichkeit der Nutzer« führe zu einer selbst auferlegten »Informationsbeschränkung« bei der Nutzung von Suchmaschinen (Seite 18 bis 21). Dementsprechend sieht Strzolka in der »fehlenden Informationskompetenz und Zensur« eine »unheilvolle Allianz« (Seite 24). »Sich auf Suchmaschinen als objektive Instanz zu verlassen«, heißt es später (Seite 56), »ist so naiv, wie die Bibel als einzige Informationsquelle für das Leben in der modernen Welt zu nutzen«. Denn: »Suchmaschinen zensieren nicht - Ihre Betreiber organisieren Zensur.« Internetzensur Auf 25 Seiten (Seite 74 bis 99) dokumentiert Strzolka mit bemerkenswerten Beispielen, wie das in der Praxis geschieht. Nach Strzolka beteiligen sich Bibliothekare auch an der (Internet-)Zensur (Seite 22 f, mit Beispielen auf Seite 34). Hier wäre eine tiefergehende Auseinsandersetzung angebracht gewesen. Beeindruckend dabei, wie Strzolka über »Zensur und Idiotenfallen« (Seite 84 bis 90) berichtet. »Das Internet ist eine ausgesprochen heterogene Datensammlung und >keineswegs die größte Bibliothek der Welt>, wie immer zu hören ist.« (Seite 25) Denn: »Informationsportale verengen den Weg in die Wissensgesellschaft [...], weil sie die Fokussierung auf gewünschte Quellen [fördern]« (Seite 25). Vor diesem Hintergrund müsse deshalb eher von »Informationsbeschränkung« als von »Informationsvielfalt« die Rede sein.
  12. Hjoerland, B.: ¬The controversy over the concept of information : a rejoinder to Professor Bates (2009) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:13:27
  13. Gumbrecht, C.: Workshop zur CJK-Katalogisierung am 18. Juni 2009 an der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin : ein Bericht (2009) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 8.2009 10:44:16
  14. Information science in transition (2009) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 2.2013 11:35:35
  15. Bade, D.: ¬The creation and persistence of misinformation in shared library catalogs : language and subject knowledge in a technological era (2002) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
  16. National Seminar on Classification in the Digital Environment : Papers contributed to the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment, Bangalore, 9-11 August 2001 (2001) 0.00 
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    Date
    2. 1.2004 10:35:22
  17. Subject retrieval in a networked environment : Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC (2003) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.
  18. Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery (2002) 0.00 
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    Date
    23. 3.2008 19:10:22
  19. Bruce, H.: ¬The user's view of the Internet (2002) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).

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  • a 2149
  • m 400
  • s 130
  • el 114
  • x 54
  • b 27
  • i 23
  • r 9
  • n 4
  • l 1
  • p 1
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