Search (4 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

This bold and brilliant book asks the ultimate question of the life sciences: How did the human mind acquire its incomparable power? In seeking the answer, Merlin Donald traces the evolution of human culture and cognition from primitive apes to artificial intelligence, presenting an enterprising and original theory of how the human mind evolved from its presymbolic form.

Date

1. 2.2020 16:21:22

LCSH

Cultural Evolution
Evolution

RSWK

Intelligenz / Entwicklung / Kulturelle Evolution
Kognitive Entwicklung / Kulturelle Evolution
Kognition / Evolution

Subject

Intelligenz / Entwicklung / Kulturelle Evolution
Kognitive Entwicklung / Kulturelle Evolution
Kognition / Evolution
Cultural Evolution
Evolution

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Abstract

Vor sechs Millionen Jahren trennte sich der Mensch von anderen Primaten, vor 250 000 Jahren entwickelte sich der moderne homo sapiens. Evolutionär gesehen ist diese Zeitspanne sehr kurz - zu kurz, als daß sich all die kognitiven Fähigkeiten, über die der moderne Mensch verfügt, durch die gewöhnliche biologische Evolution mit ihrer genetischen Variation und natürlichen Selektion erklären ließen. Immerhin teilen Affen und Menschen noch heute 99 Prozent ihres genetischen Materials. Trotzdem ist es nur der Menschheit gelungen, kognitive Fähigkeiten auszubilden, die so komplexe Gebilde wie sprachliche Kommunikation und symbolische Repräsentation, soziale Organisation und Institutionen, Hochleistungsindustrie und entsprechende Technologien hervorgebracht haben. Wie ist das möglich? Gestützt auf zahlreiche Experimente mit Primaten und Kleinkindern, entwickelt der Anthropologe und Kognitionsforscher Michael Tomasello ein Modell des menschlichen Denkens, das dieses Phänomen erklären kann, indem er kulturelle Vermittlung als biologischen Mechanismus begreift. Die Ausführung dieser zentralen These wirft ein neues Licht auf zahlreiche Disziplinen der Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften und zeigt die Verbindung dieser sonst so strikt getrennten »zwei Kulturen« im Licht der evolutionären Anthropologie auf.

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Abstract

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies. The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments. Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.

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Date

22. 3.2008 14:53:43