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Abstract

Baustelle Gehirn.Warum logisches Denken eher Glückssache ist. Die Evolution hatte ein Problem, als sie das archaische Gehirn unserer Vorfahren umzubauen begann: Es musste in Betrieb bleiben, während der Mensch entstand, und deshalb konnte sie es nicht einfach abreißen wie eine Ruine. Also pfropfte sie die neuen Bauteile irgendwie mehr oder weniger passend auf die alten. Dabei ist Murks entstanden, ein Flickwerk aus alten und neuen Strukturen, die sich andauernd in die Quere kommen. Zum Beispiel bei ökonomischen Entscheidungen, denn die Programme fu¨r den vermeintlich rationalen Umgang mit Tauschwerten (heute vor allem Geld) sind direkt mit den Instinkten der Nahrungsbeschaffung verknu¨pft. Kann man etwas gegen neuronale Kurzschlu¨sse tun? Ja. Zum Beispiel kein vages Ziel setzen (»Ich will sechs Pfund abnehmen«), sondern konkrete Wenn-dann-Pläne entwickeln (»Wenn ich Pommes frites sehe, werde ich sie nicht essen«). Warum das besser ist? Weil das Stammhirn, das nach den Fritten lechzt, auch gut mit Wenn-dann-Plänen umgehen kann.

RSWK

Hirnfunktion / Evolution

Subject

Hirnfunktion / Evolution

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Abstract

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies. The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments. Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.