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Content

Zum ersten Mal liegt die Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) auf Deutsch vor. Die Deutsche Bibliothek und die Fachhochschule Köln haben im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft finanzierten Projekts die 2003 erschienene Standard Edition der DDC 22 übersetzt und damit die Grundlage für die Nutzung der DDC im deutschsprachigen Raum geschaffen. In vier Bänden verzeichnet die DDC in etwa 60.000 Hauptklassen das gesamte Weltwissen in einer hierarchisch gegliederten Form, ergänzt durch umfangreiche Hilfstafeln für alle geografischen, ethnografischen und sprachlichen Einheiten und ein alphabetisches Register mit etwa 80.000 Einträgen.

Footnote

Rez. in: Informationsmittel für Bibliotheken (Online-Ausgabe) 06-2-176 (H. Wiesenmüller): "Die erste Version der Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) erschien 1876 - bis zur ersten deutschen Ausgabe hat es mithin fast 130 Jahre gedauert, obwohl die DDC schon in mehr als 30 Sprachen vorliegt. Dies zeigt deutlich, wie gering das Interesse an dieser Klassifikation im deutschsprachigen Raum noch bis vor kurzem gewesen ist. Kein Wunder, wurde doch der DDC - häufig sehr pauschal - eine rein amerikanische Weltsicht und ein antiquiertes Wissenschaftsbild unterstellt. Nichtsdestoweniger war der Einsatz einer deutschen DDC bereits 1998 von der Expertengruppe Klassifikation empfohlen worden. Eine Machbarkeitsstudie aus dem Jahr 2000 unterstützte diese Beurteilung und machte konkrete Vorgaben für die praktische Umsetzung. Zu den Vorteilen der DDC gehört ihre weltweite Verbreitung (wobei einschränkend zu sagen ist, daß die meisten 'academic libraries' in den USA nicht die DDC, sondern die Library of Congress Classification anwenden) sowie ihre kontinuierliche Pflege und dadurch verhältnismäßig hohe Aktualität, die sich freilich i.d.R. erst auf den tieferen Ebenen zeigt. In jüngerer Zeit hat sie außerdem große Bedeutung bei der sachlichen Erschließung von Online-Ressourcen gewonnen und wird von vielen Dokumentenservern und Fachportalen zumindest für ein grobes Klassifizieren eingesetzt. Die seit Oktober 2005 vorliegende deutsche Übersetzung der 22. Standard Edition von 2003 ist das Ergebnis eines an der Fachhochschule Köln und der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) angesiedelten und von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) finanzierten Projekts (Laufzeit: 2002-2005). Das Projekt wurde von einer vom Standardisierungsausschuß eingesetzten Expertengruppe begleitet; über das Konsortium DDC Deutsch waren außerdem mehrere deutsche Bibliotheksverbünde sowie der Österreichische Bibliothekenverbund und die Schweizerische Landesbibliothek eingebunden.
Die hier anzuzeigende Druckausgabe wurde mit Hilfe eines speziell dafür entwickelten, datenbankgestützten Editionssystems erstellt. Parallel wurde ein Online-Dienst ('Melvil') aufgebaut, der im Vergleich zur Printversion mancherlei Vorteile besitzt. So wird Melvil halbjährlich aktualisiert und erweitert: Dabei werden nicht nur die amerikanischen Ergänzungslieferungen eingespielt, sondern auch synthetische, d.h. 'zusammengebaute' Notationen aus der praktischen Anwendung der DNB. Auch die Suchfunktionalitäten gehen deutlich über die Möglichkeiten der Druckausgabe hinaus - nicht zuletzt auf Grund einer sukzessiven Anreicherung mit Suchbegriffen aus der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) im Rahmen eines weiteren DFG-Projekts ('CrissCross'). So könnte man sich durchaus fragen, warum überhaupt eine Druckausgabe produziert wurde. Diese hat jedoch den unschätzbaren Vorteil, mit einer einmaligen Zahlung (wenn auch eines stattlichen Preises!) abgegolten zu sein, während für die Nutzung von Melvil jährliche Lizenzgebühren anfallen. Trotz ihres Umfangs von zusammen über 4000 Seiten sind die vier Bände vom Gewicht her erfreulich leicht ausgefallen. Das sehr dünne Papier hat allerdings den Nachteil, daß der Text der Rückseite deutlich durchschlägt. Als ausgesprochen gelungen empfand die Rezensentin die Umschlaggestaltung, bei der das klassische Dunkelgrün der DDC-Ausgaben mit dem bekannten (um nicht zu sagen: berüchtigten) Orange des Saur-Verlags kombiniert wurde. Der erste Band enthält - neben verschiedenen Vorworten und Begleittexten - eine kurz gefaßte Einführung in die DDC (im Original: Introduction to Dewey Decimal Classification; im Deutschen etwas unglücklich wiedergegeben als Einleitung in die Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation), die Praxishilfe und die Hilfstafeln. In der Praxishilfe (im Original: Manual) werden schwierige Fälle erläutert, z.B. die Abgrenzung inhaltlich eng verwandter Klassen. Obwohl die Praxishilfe für die 22. Auflage komplett überarbeitet wurde, ist der Text noch immer recht schwer zu lesen. In der deutschen Fassung ergeben sich dabei z.T. komplizierte Schachtelsätze, die sich über fünf oder gar sechs Zeilen erstrecken.3 Die Haupttafeln finden sich im zweiten und dritten Band, das Register im abschließenden vierten Band.
Wer die deutsche DDC das erste Mal in die Hand nimmt, wird vielleicht überrascht sein vom hohen Grad der Übereinstimmung mit dem amerikanischen Vorbild. Dies zeigt sich nicht nur im identischen Aufbau, sondern auch im bis ins kleinste Detail kopierten Layout. Dazu muß man wissen, daß OCLC als Copyright-Inhaber für Übersetzungen der DDC äußerst strenge Vorgaben macht und deren Einhaltung genauestens kontrolliert. Das Projektteam arbeitete daher in einem sehr engen 'Korsett' und besaß nur wenig Spielraum für Anpassungen an deutsche Gepflogenheiten und das Setzen eigener Akzente. Die gewaltige Übersetzungsleistung, die im Laufe des Projekts erbracht wurde, zerfällt in zwei Bereiche: Zum einen mußten die Klassenbenennungen und Registerbegriffe übertragen werden, zum anderen die Erläuterungen und Anweisungen (sozusagen die 'Metatexte'). Beim ersten Teil der Aufgabe wurde das Team von ca. 70 Fachreferenten unterstützt, wobei man sich bemüht hat, jedes Fach doppelt zu besetzen. Durch dieses Verfahren ist eine ausgesprochen gute Qualität gewährleistet. Wieviel Arbeit in diesem Bereich geleistet wurde, läßt sich schon erahnen, wenn man nur die obersten 1000 Klassen der DDC (d.h. die ersten drei Ebenen) betrachtet: Diese wurden 2003 erstmals in deutscher Fassung herausgegeben. In der zweiten Auflage der kleinen Broschüre, die zum Ende des Übersetzungsprojekts erschien, waren in mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle die Klassenbenennungen geändert worden!

Issue

Begründet von Melvil Dewey. Herausgegeben von Joan S. Mitchell unter Mitwirkung von Julianne Beall, Giles Martin, Winton E. Matthews, Jr. und Gregory R. New. Deutsche Ausgabe.

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Footnote

Abgedruckt in den Sachregisterteilen des 'Zentralblatts für Mathematik' und 'Mathematical Reviews'. - Frühere Ausgaben: 1970; 1980; 1985

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Content

Vgl. dazu auch: Maassen, B.: Ordnung in 79 Sachgruppen. Börsenblatt vom 25.8.1981.

Footnote

Rez. in: Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie 29(1982) S.499-502 (W. Gödert)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Cataloging and classification quarterly 19(1994) no.1, S.134-137 (M. Carpenter). - Inzwischen existiert auch eine Windows-Version: 'Electronic Dewey for Windows', vgl. Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.17

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 31(2004) no.2, S.112-114 (M.P. Satija) : "With nearly 130 years of eventful and checkered history, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is the oldest living yet thriving modern library classification. Having undergone 21 revisions, it is the most applied library classification structure all over the world. Apart from its use in libraries in more than 135 countries across six continents, many national and trade bibliographies use it for content organization. Furthermore, it is now making successful forays into the world of electronic documents and networked information. The print version of the 22nd edition was released in September 2003, two months later than the scheduled time of July 2003, and two months after the release of the electronic version, WebDewey. The period between print editions now seems settled to seven years as a matter of policy. As WebDewey, an the other hand, is updated an a quarterly basis, what really constitutes a new edition is problematic; edition is rolling, always in a flux without much fixity. The last half century, and more specifically the tenure of Benjamin A. Custer as editor (1956-1980; Editions 16-19), has been an era of structural changes in the DDC, backed by professional management and organizational planning. Custer was instrumental in not only resuscitating the system, but also in putting DDC back an the path of progress. His able successor, Dr. John P. Comaromi, edited the 20`h edition (1989) and ushered in a period of simplification and consolidation. Following the acquisition of Forest Press by OCLC in 1988, much more research has gone into making new editions of the DDC. The OCLC Office of Research has involved itself in classification research, especially in the harmonization of various knowledge classification systems and mapping of DDC numbers to subject headings, above all to make DDC capable of organizing electronic information of every sort. The acquisition of DDC by OCLC has also inaugurated an era of new products and services, along with organized marketing. DDC21 (1996) was a product of high IT, and the 22nd edition can safely be termed a child of network technology. It is indeed the first edition produced in the web environment. To stay abreast of current developments an knowledge practices, the editors relied an the Internet and electronic databases for new topics and terms. Editors and policy makes got constant feedback and suggestions via the Internet to add new features and to achieve accuracy and efficiency. In addition to the feedback and expert advice, this edition, as usual, is based an actual classification of three quarters of a million current books in the Decimal Classification Division of the Library of Congress since 1996.
WebDewey (2003) and Abridged WebDewey (2004) are now only available an the Internet to licensed users. WebDewey is an enhanced version of the Dewey database of terms and numbers available in the print edition. Updated quarterly, it is only accessible via the Internet an an annual subscription basis. It provides much more facilities including key words navigation. Annotation feature allows cIassifiers to add and share notes about local classification changes. WebDewey is available within the full OCLC cataloguing services environment. It provides many access points with many search and browse Indexes. It makes the location of Dewey numbers an "easy" game. The annually updated Dewey for Windows an CD ceased publication in 2001; this decision may hurt the libraries in developing countries where the Internet, due to poor telecommunication infrastructure and unreliable services, is not easily accessible.
Changes DDC22 is the second edition prepared by Joan S. Mitchell who took over as editor in 1993. It carries forward the policies and improvements started in DDC21, especially the onslaught an the Christian and western cultural blas in the schedules and tables. The plan for reducing Christian blas in 200 Religion, initiated in DDC21, has now been completed, with some additional provisions in 296 and 297. An outstanding change has been the abrogation of Table 7 Persons. The functions of Table 7 are now filled by using T1-08 and whatever notation is appropriate from 011-999. There are at least six places in the tables and 12 places in the schedules where the use of T7 was prescribed; what good the abolition of T7 has produced is not clear. In fact, it does make number building in some cases a bit circuitous, especially while using Table 3C. It has also resulted in the reuse of many DDC 21 numbers with new meanings. However, some numbers remain the same e.g., Social customs of artists 390.47 (both in DDC21 and DDC22). A few numbers have also become shorter in length. In compliance with the recommendations of D'Elia's survey, all works relating to directories of travel facilities such as hotels, lodges, Motels, inns, have been shifted to 910.46 and to 913/919 whereas 647.94 continues to be in place for general information about hotels. A common practice in previous editions, that is full class or extensive revisions (phoenix schedules), appear to have been discontinued in the preparation of DDC22. But minor changes are numerous. There are more than one thousand relocations and discontiuations of class numbers. Some 40 numbers have been reused. ... However, all these changes are not those projected as slated changes for DDC22 in the DDC21 (1996), namely in 520 Astronomy, 355-359 Military science, 636-639 Animal husbandry and 690 Buildings. Obviously the switch over to the DDC 22 will put less strain an libraries. There has been considerable improvement in the manual, now shifted to volume 1 of the print edition (pp. 1-182). Notes in the manual have been shortened by removing redundant information and by dividing them into smaller sections. Some information from the manual has been transferred to the schedules and tables, in the form of notes. The manual is now clearer and easier to read. Flow Charts, built-in numbers, and see also references should help classifiers achieve greater consistency. The relative index has been beefed up. With its 928 pages, it is 333 pages longer than the previous one, including new built-in numbers and many additional terms. The entry vocabulary is wide-based and current. DDC 22, the first edition of this millennium, has kept pace with the fast changing information environment to map and organize it squarely. To quote our friends at OCLC: knowledge is a big world, and they have organized it."

Object

DDC-22

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Content

A. General Works. Polygraphy 1 // B. Philosophy and Religion. P. 1.2. // 1. B-BJ: Philosophy 2 // 2. BL - BX: Religion 3 // C. Auxilary sciences of history 4 // D. History. General and old world 5 // E-F. History. America 6 // H. Social Sciences 7 // J. Political Science 8 // K. Law // KD: Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland 9 // KF: Law of the United States 10 // L. Education 11 // M. Music and books on music 12 // N. Fine Arts 13 // P. Philology and Literature // P-PA: Philology, Linguistics, Classical philology, Classical literature 14 // PA, Suppl. Byzantine and modern Greek literature, Medieval and modern Latin literature 15 // PB-PH: Modern European languages 16 // PG (in part) Russian literature 17 // PJ-PM: Languages and literatures of Asia, Africa, Oceania, America, Mixed languages, Artificial languages 18 // P-PM, Suppl. Index to languages and dialects 19 // PN, PR, PS, PZ: Literature /general), English and American literatures, Fiction in English, Juvenile literature 20 // PQ. 1.: French literature 21 // PQ. 2.: Italian, Spanish and Portuguese literatures 22 // PT. 1.: German literature 23 // PT. 2.: Dutch and Scandinavian literatures 24 // Q. Science 25 // R. Medicine 26 // S. Agriculture, plant and animal industry, fish culture and fisheries, Hunting sports 27 // T. Technology 28 U. Military Science 29 // V. Naval Science 30 // Z. Bibliography and Library Science 31

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Content

A. General Works. 4. ed. 1973. - B. B-BJ. Philosphy. Psychology. 4. ed. 1989 / B. BL, BM, BP, BQ. Relgions, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism. 3. ed. 1984 / BR-BV. Religion: Christianity, Bible. 3. ed. 1987. BX. Religion: Christian denominations. 3. ed. 1985. - C. auxilary sciences of history. 3. ed. 1975. - D. History. General and Old World. 2. ed. 1959/ DJK-DK. History of Eastern Europe (General), Soviet Union, Poland. 3. ed. 1987 / D. DS. History of Asia. 3. ed. 1987 / DT-DX. History of Africa, Australia, New Zealand, etc. 3. ed. 1989. - E-F. History. America. 3. ed. Reprint 1965. - G. Geography, maps, anthropology, recreation. 4. ed. 1976. - H. H-HJ. Social sciences: economics. 4. ed. 1981/ HM-HX. Social sciences: sociology. 4. ed. 1980. - J. Political science. 2. ed. Reprint 1966; neu: 1991. - K. Law (General) 1977 / KD. Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland. 1973. / KDZ, KG-KH. Law of the Americas, Latin America and the West Indies. 1984 / KE. Law of Canada. 1976 / KF. Law of the United States. Preliminary ed. 1969 / KJ-KKZ. Law of Europe. 1988 / KJV-KJW. Law of France. 1985 / KK-KKC. Law of Germany. 1982. - KL-KWX: Law of Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area and Antarctica. 1993. - L. Education 4. ed. 1984. - M. Music and books on musik. 3. ed. 1978. - N. Fine Arts. 4. ed. 1970. - P-PZ. Language and literature tables. 1982 / P-PM. Suppl. Index to languages and dialects. 3. ed. 1983 / P-PA. Philology. Linguistics. Classical philology. Classical literature. Reissue 1968 / PA. Suppl. Byzantine and modern greek literature. Medieval and modern Latin literature. Reissued with suppl. pages. Suppl. of additions and changes to January 1968. 1968 / PB-PH. Modern European languages. Reprint 1966 / PG Russian literature. Reprint 1965 / PJ-PK. Oriental philology and literature. 2. ed. 1988 / PL-PM. Languages of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania, Hyperborean, Indian and artificial languages. 2. ed. 1988 / PN, PR, PS, PZ. Literature (general). English and American lierature. Fiction in English. Juvenile Belles Lettres. 3. ed. 1988 / PQ, 1. French literature. 2nd ed. 1992 / PQ, 2. Italian, Spanish and Portuguese literatures. Reprint 1965; neu: 1992 / PT, 1. German literature. 2. ed. 1989 / PT, 2. Dutch and Scandinavian literatures. 2nd ed. 1992. - Q. Science. 7. ed. 1989. - R. Medicine. 6(?). ed. 1995. - S. Agriculture. 4. ed. 1982. - T. Technology. 5. ed. 1971. - U. Military science. 5. ed. 1992. - V. Naval science. 4. ed. 1993. - Z. Bibliography and library science. 5. ed. 1980

Footnote

Für eine jeweils aktuelle Übersicht vgl. den Prospekt der Library of Congress; Nachträge und Neuausgaben werden auch in der Zeitschrift: Cataloging service bulletin angezeigt. - Die Konvertierung in das USMARC Format ist angekündigt, das die Ausgabe in verschiedenen physikalischen Medien unterstützen soll. - Gemäß des Artikels von 'G.M. Daly: Reference work in a classified collection ...' ist die Klasse K nunmehr vollständig veröffentlicht

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Content

Enthält auch: 'Cutter Four-Figure Table' und 'Cutter-Sanborn Four-Figure Table'

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Content

Diese (zum Thema umfangreichste) Bibliographie wird durch eine ständige Rubrik in der Zeitschrift 'International Classification' laufend ergänzt; danach fortgesetzt in: Knowledge organization. - Vgl. zum verwendeten Klassifikationssystem: Dahlberg, I. u.a. in: International classification 9(1982) S.87-93; 12(1985) S.143-152.

Footnote

Rez. in: Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen ( ) S.123-126 (H. Beck)

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Abstract

Presents a version of the UDC specifically revised and adapted for use in libraries focusing on Polar subjects. The schedules do not derive from the master reference file

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Abstract

The 5th ed. includes revisions to selected schedules in need of updating and also integrates into the classification's index MeSH descriptors used in cataloging but not yet represented in the index to the 4th ed. It comprises close to 4.000 notations and 18.000 index terms for both, entries and cross references

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Abstract

This edition supersedes the first edition published between 1985 and 1988 and includes approximately 60.000 entries. it is taken directly from the Master Reference File (MRF), the UDC database maintained by the UDC consortium. This edition includes modifications authorized in 'Extensions and corrections to the UDC'

Footnote

Rez. in: Annals of library science and documentation 42(1995) no.3, S.101-105 (A.K. Singh). - Vgl. auch die Notiz in Knowledge Organization 21(1994) no.2, S.103-104

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Abstract

The Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature is originally compiled by Dr. Ingetraut Dahlberg for the "Classification Literature" section of the journal International Classification which was started with the first issue of the journal in 1974. The last time this classification was published by Dr. Dahlberg - with an introduction - was in Knowledge Organization 20(1993)4, p. 211-222. Many classes of this classification can be subdivided according to scientific disciplines or subject fields. For this subdivision the Information Coding Classification, also compiled by Dr. Ingetraut Dahlberg, is used. The ICC was published in International Classification and Indexing Bibliography: Vol. I Classification Systems and Thesauri, 1950-1982. - FrankfurtlMain : Indeks Verlag, 1982. - p. 107-139. The classes subdivided with the ICC are marked with a ". In most cases the codes of the ICC are combined with the codes of the classification for Knowledge Organization with a -, but in the classes 5 and 6 the subdivision is direct. Examples: 048-51/4 Thesauri for the medical sciences, but 651/4 Literature about Thesauri for the medical sciences. Here the Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature is printed as it is used by the present Literature editor of Knowledge Organization, including some small changes made with a view of changes in the literature in the field of knowledge organization. An outline of the ICC is added

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Abstract

THE COLON CLASSIFICATION is the latest scheme in the field of classification. It has revolutionised thinking in classification and stimulated research in it. This new method is suited to small and large, general and special libraries and can be used in classifying whole books as well as individual articles in a periodical or sections in a book.. It is being taught in all schools o Library Science all over the world, not only as a means of arranging books on shelves but also as a means of finding out the focus of a book in systematic way and finding the requirements of a reader while doing reference service. The new methodologies in classification invented as part of the Colon Classification-the Facet Analysis, the Phase Analysis and the Zone Analysis--have lifted Practical Classification from guesswork to scientific method. They are forming an important theme in international conferences on information retrieval.

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Abstract

While thousands of ontologies exist on the web, a unified sys-tem for handling online ontologies - in particular with respect to discov-ery, versioning, access, quality-control, mappings - has not yet surfacedand users of ontologies struggle with many challenges. In this paper, wepresent an online ontology interface and augmented archive called DB-pedia Archivo, that discovers, crawls, versions and archives ontologies onthe DBpedia Databus. Based on this versioned crawl, different features,quality measures and, if possible, fixes are deployed to handle and sta-bilize the changes in the found ontologies at web-scale. A comparison toexisting approaches and ontology repositories is given.

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Abstract

The model places Islam at the centre of the scheme, avoiding the twists and turns invilved in any adaptation of western schemes

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 27(2000) nos.1/2, S.71-76 (M. Hudon)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Catalog & index 1995, no.116, S.8 (D. Brunt)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Australian library journal 46(1997) no.4, S.432-424 (S.W. Davis)