Search (31 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × theme_ss:"Geschichte der Sacherschließung"
  • × year_i:[2010 TO 2020}
  1. Hartmann, F.: Paul Otlets Hypermedium : Dokumentation als Gegenidee zur Bibliothek (2015) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Schon zur Wende ins 20. Jahrhundert zweifelte der belgische Privatgelehrte Paul Otlet an der Zukunft des Buches und der Bibliothek. Statt dessen begann er damit, eine Dokumentation und Neuorganisation des Weltwissens anzulegen, und mittels eines Karteikartensystems (Répertoire Bibliographique Universel) zu vernetzen. Dieses Projekt eines flexiblen, abfrageorientierten Wissensbestandes in einem 'Hypermedium' (Otlet) besetzte jene technologische Leerstelle, die inzwischen eine die bibliothekarische Epoche aufsprengende neue Wissenskultur der digitalen Medialität produziert hat.
    Date
    22. 8.2016 15:58:46
  2. Vom Buch zur Datenbank : Paul Otlets Utopie der Wissensvisualisierung (2012) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts geriet das Dokumentationswesen in eine Krise: wie lässt sich das kulturelle Wissen nachhaltiger organisieren? Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ein belgischer Industriellenerbe und studierter Rechtsanwalt, entwickelte zusammen mit Henri La Fontaine ab 1895 ein Ordnungs- und Klassifikationssystem, das das millionenfach publizierte "Weltwissen" dokumentieren sollte. Otlets Anspruch war die Schaffung eines "Instrument d'ubiquité", das zur "Hyper-Intelligence" führen sollte. Jahrzehnte vor Web und Wikis weisen diese Ideen auf eine globale Vernetzung des Wissens hin. Der vorliegende Titel erinnert an den Pionier Paul Otlet mit einer ausführlichen Einleitung von Frank Hartmann (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar), Beiträgen von W. Boyd Rayward (University of Illinois), Charles van den Heuvel (Königlich Niederländische Akademie der Wissenschaften) und Wouter Van Acker (Universität Gent).
    BK
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Classification
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Date
    22. 8.2016 16:06:54
    RSWK
    Otlet, Paul / Wissensorganisation / Klassifikation / Information und Dokumentation / Geschichte 1895-1944 / Aufsatzsammlung
    Subject
    Otlet, Paul / Wissensorganisation / Klassifikation / Information und Dokumentation / Geschichte 1895-1944 / Aufsatzsammlung
  3. Zedelmaier, H.: Werkstätten des Wissens zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung (2015) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Suchmaschinen vermitteln uns im globalen Netz Informationen sekundenschnell. Wie wir Informationen suchen, wie wir lesen und das Gelesene verarbeiten, hat sich radikal verändert. Einem ebenso tiefgreifenden Wandel sind die Agenturen und Institutionen unterworfen, die Wissen aufbereiten, es in Bewegung setzen und verkaufen. Die Erfahrung von Veränderung schärft die historische Aufmerksamkeit für alltägliche Praktiken der Wissensproduktion, ihre historischen Kontexte und Transformationen. Helmut Zedelmaier untersucht Wissenspraktiken von Gelehrten zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung. Welche Techniken und Methoden nutzten sie, um gesuchte Informationen zu finden? Wie haben sie ihr Wissen verwaltet und verarbeitet? Welche Kräfte und Kontexte bewirkten in diesem Zeitraum Veränderungen der Praktiken und Institutionen der Wissensproduktion? Heutige Visionäre digitaler Wissenswelten wollen uns davon überzeugen, dass wir uns in eine Gesellschaft hineinbewegen, in der immer mehr Menschen immer mehr wissen. Löst man sich von der Fixierung auf das bloße Wachstum von Daten und deren digitale Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten, zeigt sich die beschränkte Erklärungskraft von einfachen Fortschrittsgeschichten. Auch darum geht es dem Autor: um die historische Relativierung der viel beschworenen 'digitalen Revolution', die vieles von ihrem revolutionären Charakter verliert, lässt man sich genauer auf die buchgestützte Welt und ihre Werkstätten ein. Wissen war damals und ist noch heute ein vermitteltes Produkt, das nicht einfach vorliegt, das sich nicht bloß aus Einsichten und Ideen ergibt. Wissen ist immer auch ein Produkt, das historisch wandelbaren Praktiken und Werkzeugen unterliegt, die eher anonym wirksam und deshalb schwer fassbar sind.
    BK
    02.01 (Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur)
    Classification
    02.01 (Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur)
    Content
    Inhalt: Einleitung : das Interesse am Wissen -- Wissen erwerben Lesen als Tätigkeit -- Wissen suchen : der aufschlussreiche Index -- Wissen sammeln : die Geschichte des Exzerpierens -- Wissen verwalten : die Geburt des Zettelkastens -- Wissen kontrollieren : die Reinigung der Bücher -- Wissen repräsentieren : die Bibliothek als Herrschaftsinstrument -- Wissen disziplinieren : der Vielwisser in der Kritik -- Wissen ausgrenzen : Vorsintflutliche Zeiten -- Epilog -- Dank -- Anmerkungen -- Literatur -- Textnachweise -- Abbildungsnachweise -- Personenregister. Vgl.: https://www.mohr.de/buch/werkstaetten-des-wissens-zwischen-renaissance-und-aufklaerung-9783161538070.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Cataloging and classification quarterly 56(2018) no.1, S.110-112 (Florian Ehrensperger).
  4. Buckland, M.: Vom Mikrofilm zur Wissensmaschine : Emanuel Goldberg zwischen Medientechnik und Politik : Biografie (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Emanuel Goldberg (1881-1970), Chemiker, Ingenieur und Gründer von Zeis Ikon. Er beeinflusste maßgeblich die Bildtechnologie in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ist Emanuel Goldberg der Erfinder der ersten Suchmaschine? 1932 bereits entwickelte er ein Gerät, das das Suchen, Auffinden und Anzeigen von beliebig vielen Dokumenten möglich machte. Diese Statistische Maschine, wie er sie nannte, kamen verschiedenste Technologien auf kreative Art und Weise zusammen: Mikrofilm für das Speichern von Dokumenten; Lochkarten für die Spezifikation der Suchanfragen; Elektronik für das Erkennen von Codierungsmustern; Optik; Kinematographie für die beweglichen Teile; und Telefonie für die Dateneingabe. Goldberg leistete Pionierarbeit, denn die Statistische Maschine scheint der erste Bildschirmarbeitsplatz mit elektronischen Komponenten gewesen zu sein und darüber hinaus das erste System zur Auffindung von Dokumenten, das über die Lokalisation von Einträgen mit bereits bekannten Positionsadressen hinausging und sich dem wesentlich anspruchsvolleren Unterfangen widmete, Dokumente hinsichtlich bestimmter Suchkriterien suchen, auswählen und abbilden zu können. Michael Buckland zeichnet hier eine unglaubliche Lebensgeschichte nach, die nicht nur Goldbergs Kreativität und Genialität honoriert, sondern auch ein intellektueller und gesellschaftlicher Spiegel ist - einer historisch wichtigen Zeit für die Geschichte der Informationswissenschaften und Technologie.
  5. Krems, H.: ¬Das ARK-Online-Projekt der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin : Online-Sacherschließung für drei Millionen Bände von 1501 bis 1955 (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Der Alte Realkatalog (ARK) der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, ein im 19. Jahrhundert angelegter Sachkatalog, erschließt rund drei Millionen Bände, die zwischen 1501 und 1955 erschienen sind. Ziel des ARK-Online-Projekts ist es, die Systematik des über 1.800 Bände umfassenden Katalogs online bereitzustellen und die Titelanzeige für alle Systemstellen zu ermöglichen. Damit wird der deutschlandweit umfangreichste historische Druckschriftenbestand über eine Online-Systematik erschlossen. - Die einzelnen Systemstellen werden mit Elementen der modernen Sacherschließung in Form von Schlagworten und Basisklassifikation beschrieben. Diese Sacherschließungsdaten werden im Rahmen des Projektes für eine automatisierte Übertragung auf die Titel des Altbestands genutzt. Damit kann eine sachliche Online-Titelrecherche gemeinsam für den Neubestand und den bisher weitestgehend so nicht erschlossenen Altbestand lokal, überregional und weltweit erfolgen.
    Source
    Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 59(2012) H.5, S.236-246
  6. Moneda Corrochano, M. de la; López-Huertas, M.J.; Jiménez-Contreras, E.: Spanish research in knowledge organization (2002-2010) (2013) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This study analyzes Spanish research on Knowledge Organization from 2002 to 2010. The first stage involved extraction of records from national and international databases that were interrogated. After getting the pertinent records, they we re normalized and processed according to the usual bibliometric procedure. The results point to a mature specialty follow ing the path of the past decade. There is a remarkable increase of male vs. female authors per publication, although the gender gap is not big. It is also evident that ther e is a remarkable internationalization in publication and that the content map of the specialty is more varied than in the previous decade.
    Date
    22. 2.2013 12:10:07
  7. Day, R.E.: Indexing it all : the subject in the age of documentation, information, and data (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In this book, Ronald Day offers a critical history of the modern tradition of documentation. Focusing on the documentary index (understood as a mode of social positioning), and drawing on the work of the French documentalist Suzanne Briet, Day explores the understanding and uses of indexicality. He examines the transition as indexes went from being explicit professional structures that mediated users and documents to being implicit infrastructural devices used in everyday information and communication acts. Doing so, he also traces three epistemic eras in the representation of individuals and groups, first in the forms of documents, then information, then data. Day investigates five cases from the modern tradition of documentation. He considers the socio-technical instrumentalism of Paul Otlet, "the father of European documentation" (contrasting it to the hermeneutic perspective of Martin Heidegger); the shift from documentation to information science and the accompanying transformation of persons and texts into users and information; social media's use of algorithms, further subsuming persons and texts; attempts to build android robots -- to embody human agency within an information system that resembles a human being; and social "big data" as a technique of neoliberal governance that employs indexing and analytics for purposes of surveillance. Finally, Day considers the status of critique and judgment at a time when people and their rights of judgment are increasingly mediated, displaced, and replaced by modern documentary techniques.
    BK
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Classification
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Content
    Paul Otlet : friends and books for information needsRepresenting documents and persons in information systems : library and information science and citation indexing and analysis -- Social computing and the indexing of the whole -- The document as the subject : androids -- Governing expression : social big data and neoliberalism.
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Day, R.E.: An afterword to indexing it all: the subject in the age of documentation, information, and data. In: Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 42(2016) no.2, S.25-28. Rez. in: JASIST 67(2016) no.7, S.1784-1786 (H.A. Olson).
    RSWK
    Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte
    Subject
    Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte
  8. Wright, A.: Cataloging the world : Paul Otlet and the birth of the information age (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In 1934, a Belgian entrepreneur named Paul Otlet sketched out plans for a worldwide network of computers-or "electric telescopes," as he called them - that would allow people anywhere in the world to search and browse through millions of books, newspapers, photographs, films and sound recordings, all linked together in what he termed a reseau mondial: a "worldwide web." Today, Otlet and his visionary proto-Internet have been all but forgotten, thanks to a series of historical misfortunes - not least of which involved the Nazis marching into Brussels and destroying most of his life's work. In the years since Otlet's death, however, the world has witnessed the emergence of a global network that has proved him right about the possibilities - and the perils - of networked information. In Cataloging the World, Alex Wright brings to light the forgotten genius of Paul Otlet, an introverted librarian who harbored a bookworm's dream to organize all the world's information. Recognizing the limitations of traditional libraries and archives, Otlet began to imagine a radically new way of organizing information, and undertook his life's great work: a universal bibliography of all the world's published knowledge that ultimately totaled more than 12 million individual entries. That effort eventually evolved into the Mundaneum, a vast "city of knowledge" that opened its doors to the public in 1921 to widespread attention. Like many ambitious dreams, however, Otlet's eventually faltered, a victim to technological constraints and political upheaval in Europe on the eve of World War II. Wright tells not just the story of a failed entrepreneur, but the story of a powerful idea - the dream of universal knowledge - that has captivated humankind since before the great Library at Alexandria. Cataloging the World explores this story through the prism of today's digital age, considering the intellectual challenge and tantalizing vision of Otlet's digital universe that in some ways seems far more sophisticated than the Web as we know it today.
    The dream of universal knowledge hardly started with the digital age. From the archives of Sumeria to the Library of Alexandria, humanity has long wrestled with information overload and management of intellectual output. Revived during the Renaissance and picking up pace in the Enlightenment, the dream grew and by the late nineteenth century was embraced by a number of visionaries who felt that at long last it was within their grasp. Among them, Paul Otlet stands out. A librarian by training, he worked at expanding the potential of the catalogue card -- the world's first information chip. From there followed universal libraries and reading rooms, connecting his native Belgium to the world -- by means of vast collections of cards that brought together everything that had ever been put to paper. Recognizing that the rapid acceleration of technology was transforming the world's intellectual landscape, Otlet devoted himself to creating a universal bibliography of all published knowledge. Ultimately totaling more than 12 million individual entries, it would evolve into the Mundaneum, a vast "city of knowledge" that opened its doors to the public in 1921. By 1934, Otlet had drawn up plans for a network of "electric telescopes" that would allow people everywhere to search through books, newspapers, photographs, and recordings, all linked together in what he termed a réseau mondial: a worldwide web. It all seemed possible, almost until the moment when the Nazis marched into Brussels and carted it all away. In Cataloging the World, Alex Wright places Otlet in the long continuum of visionaries and pioneers who have dreamed of unifying the world's knowledge, from H.G. Wells and Melvil Dewey to Ted Nelson and Steve Jobs. And while history has passed Otlet by, Wright shows that his legacy persists in today's networked age, where Internet corporations like Google and Twitter play much the same role that Otlet envisioned for the Mundaneum -- as the gathering and distribution channels for the world's intellectual output. In this sense, Cataloging the World is more than just the story of a failed entrepreneur; it is an ongoing story of a powerful idea that has captivated humanity from time immemorial, and that continues to inspire many of us in today's digital age.
    BK
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Classification
    06.01 Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens
    Content
    Introduction -- 1. The Libraries of Babel -- 2. The Dream of the Labyrinth -- 3. Belle Epoque -- 4. The Microphotic Book -- 5. The Index Museum -- 6. Castles in the Air -- 7. Hope, Lost and Found -- 8. Mundaneum -- 9. The Collective Brain -- 10. The Radiated Library -- 11. The Intergalactic Network -- 12. Entering the Steam -- Conclusion.
    RSWK
    Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Klassifikation / Katalogisierung / Geschichte 1900-1950
    Subject
    Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Klassifikation / Katalogisierung / Geschichte 1900-1950
  9. Burke, C.: Information and intrigue : from index cards to Dewey decimals to Alger Hiss (2014) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In Information and Intrigue Colin Burke tells the story of one man's plan to revolutionize the world's science information systems and how science itself became enmeshed with ideology and the institutions of modern liberalism. In the 1890s, the idealistic American Herbert Haviland Field established the Concilium Bibliographicum, a Switzerland-based science information service that sent millions of index cards to American and European scientists. Field's radical new idea was to index major ideas rather than books or documents. In his struggle to create and maintain his system, Field became entangled with nationalistic struggles over the control of science information, the new system of American philanthropy (powered by millionaires), the politics of an emerging American professional science, and in the efforts of another information visionary, Paul Otlet, to create a pre-digital worldwide database for all subjects. World War I shuttered the Concilium, and postwar efforts to revive it failed. Field himself died in the influenza epidemic of 1918. Burke carries the story into the next generation, however, describing the astonishingly varied career of Field's son, Noel, who became a diplomat, an information source for Soviet intelligence (as was his friend Alger Hiss), a secret World War II informant for Allen Dulles, and a prisoner of Stalin. Along the way, Burke touches on a range of topics, including the new entrepreneurial university, Soviet espionage in America, and further efforts to classify knowledge.
    BK
    06.01 (Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens)
    Classification
    06.01 (Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens)
    Content
    Raising a perfectly modern HerbertAn unexpected library revolution, at an unexpected place, by an unusual young fellow -- The great men at Harvard and Herbert's information "calling" -- Challenging the British "Lion" of science information -- New information ideas in Zurich, not Brooklyn or Paris -- Starting an information revolution and business, the hard way -- Big debts, big gamble, big building, big friends, a special librarian -- Lydia's other adventurous boy, family responsibilities, to America with hat in hand, war -- From information to intrigue, Herbert, WWI, a young Allen Dulles -- Returning to a family in decline, meeting with the liberal establishment -- To the centers of science and political power, and a new information world -- More conflicts between old and new science -- Wistar and the Council's abstracts vs. Field's elegant classification, round 1 -- A Concilium without Herbert Field, Nina and the Rockefeller's great decisions -- A voyage home and the Council's vision for world science vs. the Concilium, round 2 -- The information consequences of "capitalism's disaster" and the shift to applied science information -- The 1930's ideological journey of the Fields and their liberal friends -- Intrigue begins, in Switzerland, England, and Cambridge -- New loves, a family of agents, science information in war, librarians stealing books?, Soviet espionage without cost -- Looking forward to more intrigue, the postwar stories of big science, big information, and more ideology.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST66(2015) no.10, S.2168-2170 (E. Levine)
    RSWK
    USA / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswissenschaft / Geschichte 1860-1960
    Subject
    USA / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswissenschaft / Geschichte 1860-1960
  10. Heuvel, C. van den: ¬The Decimal Office : administration as a science in the Netherlands in the first decades of the twentieth century (2013) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In 1983 Boyd Rayward described the early diffusion abroad of the Dewey Decimal Classification (and indirectly of the Universal Decimal Classification) in Australia, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Russia. Here, I discuss the enormous interest in the decimal system in the Netherlands that went far beyond its original role for the classification of bibliographic knowledge. I will present Johan Zaalberg (1858-1934) and Ernst Hijmans (1890-1987) as two advocates for the use of the decimal system in the administration of public organizations and private companies and its role in the development of scientific management in the Netherlands.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 1'.
  11. Hapke, T.: Wilhelm Ostwald's combinatorics as a link between in-formation and form (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The combinatorial thinking of the chemist and Nobel laureate Wilhelm Ostwald grew out of his activities in chemistry and was further developed in his philosophy of nature. Ostwald used combinatorics as an analogous, creative, and interdisciplinary way of thinking in areas like knowledge organization and in his theory of colors and forms. His work marginally influenced art movements like the German Werkbund, the Dutch De Stijl, and the Bauhaus. Ostwald's activities and his use of spatial analogies such as bridge, net, or pyramid can be viewed as support for a relation between information-or "in-formation," or Bildung (education, formation)-and form.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Information and Space: Analogies and Metaphors'.
  12. Hapke, T.: Julius Hanauer : bio-bibliographical traces of a German special librarian, esperantist, and documentalist (2013) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The German librarian Julius Hanauer, primarily known for his support of decimal classification in the 1920s, was an important link between Germany and the international bibliographic movement and documentation network in the first third of the twentieth century. Working in the early twentieth century at the Institut International de Bibliographie in Brussels, Hanauer had regular contact with members of the documentation community, such as Henri La Fontaine and Paul Otlet, and others outside Belgium, such as Wilhelm Ostwald. Tracing the facets of Hanauer's activities and connections as an information pioneer mirrored the contemporary world of internationalism and documentation.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 1'.
  13. Dousa, T.M.: Julius Otto Kaiser : the early years (2013) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Julius Otto Kaiser (1968-1927) was a special librarian and indexer who, at the turn of the twentieth century, designed an innovative, category-based indexing system known as "systematic indexing." Although he is regarded as a pioneer of indexing and classification, little is known about his life. This essay seeks to fill in some gaps in Kaiser's biography by reviewing what is known of his life prior to his entry into information work: namely, his birth, childhood, and education in Germany; his early career as a musician and teacher in Australia; and his sojourn as a teacher in Chile. It is argued that Kaiser's early experiences equipped him with linguistic skills and a commercial outlook that smoothed his path into the world of business information and left traces in his thought about indexing and information work.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 1'.
  14. Manfroid, S.; Gillen, J.; Phillips-Batoma, P.M.: ¬The archives of Paul Otlet : between appreciation and rediscovery, 1944-2013 (2013) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper outlines the life and work of Paul Otlet (1868-1944). Otlet was a founder of the scholarly disciplines of bibliography, documentation, and information science. As a result of the work he undertook with Henri La Fontaine (1854-1943)-specifically, the establishment in 1895 in Brussels of the International Institute of Bibliography, which aimed to construct a Universal Bibliographic Repertory-Otlet has become known as the father of the Internet. Otlet's grand project, as stated in his Traité de documentation (1934), was never fully realized. Even before his death, the collections he assembled had been dismembered. After his death, the problematic conditions in which Otlet's personal papers and the collections he had created were preserved meant that his thought and work remained largely unacknowledged. It fell to W. Boyd Rayward, who began to work on Otlet in the late 1960s, to rescue him from obscurity, publishing in 1975 a major biography of the pioneer knowledge entrepreneur and internationalist progenitor of the World Wide Web.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 1'.
  15. Chaves Guimarães, J.A.; Cabrini Gracio, M.C.; Martínez-Ávila, D.; Sales, R. de: ¬The spirit of inquiry's power to influence in 21st-century KO research : Jesse Shera and Margaret Egan (2018) 0.00 
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    Series
    Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16
    Source
    Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira
  16. Minter, C.: Systematic or mechanical arrangement? : Revisiting a debate in German library science, 1790-1914 (2017) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This article examines changing views on "systematic" or classified shelf-arrangement in German library science from Kayser's 1790 work Ueber die Manipulation bey der Einrichtung einer Bibliothek to the 1914 Versammlung deutscher Bibliothekare in Leipzig, at which Georg Leyh delivered the seminal paper, "Systematische oder mechanische Aufstellung?" Systematic arrangement was, with few exceptions, held up as an ideal throughout the nineteenth century; but by 1914 it could be agreed to belong to a past era in which, in the words of Leyh, libraries ran as a "Kleinbetrieb" [small business] (Leyh 1913, 100, "Das Dogma von der systematischen Aufstellung II-IV." Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 30:97-135). In particular, this article seeks to explore how changing views on the ideal of systematic shelf-arrangement in German library science during this period reflected evolving conceptions of librarianship. For nineteenth-century writers such as Ebert, Molbech, and Petzholdt, systematic classification and arrangement had meaning against the backdrop of an encyclopedic tradition within which libraries and librarians played an important role in organizing and presenting a rational overview of the universe of knowledge - an overview that was to be both physical and intellectual. The waning of the ideal of systematic arrangement at the turn of the twentieth century was associated with a sense of loss, as an intellectual or "scholarly" tradition of librarianship was seen to give way to more utilitarian and "bureaucratic" expectations. The changing fortunes of the ideal of systematic arrangement in German library science between 1790 and 1914 may be seen to illustrate how progress and loss are often inextricably linked in the history of libraries and librarianship
  17. Acker, W. van: Architectural metaphors of knowledge : the Mundaneum designs of Maurice Heymans, Paul Otlet, and Le Corbusier (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The author discusses the architectural plans of the Mundaneum made in the 1930s by the Belgian modernist architect Maurice Heymans in the footsteps of Le Corbusier and in collaboration with Paul Otlet. The Mundaneum was the utopian concept of a world center for the accumulation, organization, and dissemination of knowledge, invented by the visionary encyclopedist and internationalist Paul Otlet. In Heymans's architecture, a complex architectural metaphor is created for the Mundaneum, conveying its hidden meaning as a center of initiation into synthesized knowledge. In particular, this article deconstructs the metaphorical architectural complex designed by Heymans and focuses on how the architectural spaces as designed by Heymans are structured in analogy to schemes for the organization of knowledge made by Otlet. In three different designs of the Mundaneum, the analogy is studied between, on the one hand, the architectural structure (designed by Heymans) and, on the other hand, the structure of the cosmology, the book Monde, and the vision of knowledge dissemination as invented by Otlet. The article argues that the analogies between the organization of architectural space and knowledge, as expressed in the drawings of Heymans and Otlet, are elaborated by means of a mode of visual thinking that is parallel to and rooted in the art of memory and utopian imagination.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Information and Space: Analogies and Metaphors'.
  18. Van Acker, W.: Rethinking the architecture of the book : unbinding the spine of Paul Otlet's positivist encyclopaedism (2018) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Paul Otlet's exploration of the idea to record information in separate chunks or units according to the "monographic principle" has provoked considerable interest in information history for the way in which it resonates with the present tendency to conceive of information as detachable and manipulable units, whose retrieveability has become more important than the information itself. This paper aims to dissect within Otlet's historical and intellectual context the make-up of the positivist epistemology underpinning his concept of the "Universal Book." The "Universal Book" was of central importance in his theory of documentation as it proposed how documentalists- the new experts trained in documentary procedures-were to operate. These professionals were asked to gather facts or objective knowledge by removing the unwanted "dross" of subjectivity, and to synthesize those facts in an encyclopaedic form in order to make them ready for public use. Through an inquiry into the wide-ranging epistemological views prevalent in the French intellectual milieu in the belle époque-notably monism, energeticism, materialism, idealism an d spiritualism-this paper questions the positivist label that has been attributed to his concept of documentation.
  19. Csiszar, A.: Bibliography as anthropometry : dreaming scientific order at the fin de siècle (2013) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The 1890s saw an explosion of ambitious projects to build a massive classification of knowledge that would serve as a basis for universal catalogues of scientific publishing. The largest of these were the rival International Catalogue of Scientific Literature (London) and Répertoire Bibliographique Universel (Brussels). This essay argues that one widely influential but overlooked source of the enthusiasm for classification as a technology of search and retrieval during this period was the emergence of new methods and technologies for classifying and keeping track of people, and in particular, the criminal identification laboratory of Alphonse Bertillon located in Paris.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 1'.
  20. Buckland, M.K.: Interrogating spatial analogies relating to knowledge organization : Paul Otlet and others (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The author provides an examination of how ideas about place and space have been used in thinking about the organization of knowledge. The spatial analogies of Paul Otlet (1868-1944) in relation to his overall vision are traditional and conventional. Notions of space, place, position, location, and movement are frequent in the work of other leading innovators (Martin Schrettinger, Melvil Dewey, Wilhelm Ostwald, Emanuel Goldberg, and Suzanne Briet) concerning specific practical aspects of knowledge organization. Otlet's spatial imagery is more original and more ingenious when applied to technical problems compared to his overall vision.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Information and Space: Analogies and Metaphors'.

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  • e 26
  • d 5

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  • m 6
  • el 1
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