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Abstract

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind die Unterschiede im Wissen zwischen Personen. Um eine Bestimmung der bestehenden Unterschiede im alltäglichen Wissen zwischen Personen vornehmen zu können, wird der begriff "Wissen" expliziert, der Beitrag verschiedener Wissensrepräsentationskonzeptionen zur Beschreibung von Wissen und somit von Wissensunterschieden diskutiert und schließlich verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung von Wissen und Wissensunterschieden aus dem Verhalten dargstellt und bewertet. Durch den inter- und Intraindividuellen Vergleich von Assoziationen wird das Ausmaß an Unterschieden im Wissen zwischen 2 Personen auf 24-27% geschätzt

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Abstract

Theories of aboutness and theories of subject analysis and of related concepts such as topicality are often isolated from each other in the literature of information science (IS) and related disciplines. In IS it is important to consider the nature and meaning of these concepts, which is closely related to theoretical and metatheoretical issues in information retrieval (IR). A theory of IR must specify which concepts should be regarded as synonymous concepts and explain how the meaning of the nonsynonymous concepts should be defined

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Abstract

The paper considers indexing an activity that deals with linguistic entities. It rests an the assumption that a theory of indexing should be based an a philosophy of language, because indexing is concerned with the linguistic representation of meaning. The paper consists of four sections: It begins with some basic considerations an the nature of indexing and the requirements for a theory an this; it is followed by a short review of the use of Wittgenstein's philosophy in LIS-literature; next is an analysis of Wittgenstein's work Philosophical Investigations; finally, we deduce a theory of indexing from this philosophy. Considering an indexing theory a theory of meaning entails that, for the purpose of retrieval, indexing is a representation of meaning. Therefore, an indexing theory is concerned with how words are used in the linguistic context. Furthermore, the indexing process is a communicative process containing an interpretative element. Through the philosophy of the later Wittgenstein, it is shown that language and meaning are publicly constituted entities. Since they form the basis of indexing, a theory hereof must take into account that no single actor can define the meaning of documents. Rather this is decided by the social, historical and linguistic context in which the document is produced, distributed and exchanged. Indexing must clarify and reflect these contexts.

Source

Advances in classification research, vol.10: proceedings of the 10th ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop. Ed.: Albrechtsen, H. u. J.E. Mai