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  • × theme_ss:"Informationsethik"
  • × year_i:[2010 TO 2020}
  1. Helbing, D.: ¬Das große Scheitern (2019) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    2015 warnte das »DigitalManifest« in »Spektrum der Wissenschaft« vor Verhaltensmanipulation und heraufziehender Datendiktatur. Demokratie und Menschenrechte seien in Gefahr. Es wurde ein neuer Ansatz bei der Digitalisierung gefordert. Wenngleich es auch Fortschritte gab, muss dringend gewarnt werden. Die Gefahr des technologischen Totalitarismus ist keineswegs gebannt. In Zeiten des Klimawandels ist er wahrscheinlicher denn je.
    Content
    Vgl. auch den Beitrag von D. Helbing et al.: 'Digitale Demokratie statt Datendiktatur: Digital-Manifest' in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2016, H.1, S.50-60.
    Date
    25.12.2019 14:19:22
    Series
    Startseite - IT/Tech - Aktuelle Seite: Digitalisierung und Umweltschutz:
  2. Rötzer, F.: Mit Neurotechniken werden sich Absichten, Gefühle und Entscheidungen manipulieren lassen (2017) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Nach den KI- und den Robotikwissenschaftlern haben sich nun auch Neurowissenschaftler und -techniker sowie Ethiker und Mediziner in die Reihen der Experten eingereiht, die vor Entwicklungen aus ihrer Forschung warnen und letztlich die Gesellschaft bzw. die Politik auffordern, nicht alles einfach wild weiterlaufen zu lassen und auch zu finanzieren, sondern die Entwicklung zu steuern oder auch zu begrenzen. Verwiesen wird auf die großen Investitionen, die von der Privatwirtschaft wie von Kernel oder Elon Musk oder vom Staat mit der US Brain Initiative oder von der Darpa gemacht wurden und werden.
    Source
    https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Mit-Neurotechniken-werden-sich-Absichten-Gefuehle-und-Entscheidungen-manipulieren-lassen-3888449.html?wt_mc=nl.tp-aktuell.woechentlich
  3. Helbing, D.; Frey, B.S.; Gigerenzer, G.; Hafen, E.; Hagner, M.; Hofstetter, Y.; Hoven, J. van den; Zicari, R.V.; Zwitter, A.: Digitale Demokratie statt Datendiktatur : Digital-Manifest (2016) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Big Data, Nudging, Verhaltenssteuerung: Droht uns die Automatisierung der Gesellschaft durch Algorithmen und künstliche Intelligenz? Ein Appell zur Sicherung von Freiheit und Demokratie.
    Content
    Neun internationale Experten warnen vor der Aushöhlung unserer Bürgerrechte und der Demokratie im Zuge der digitalen Technikrevolution. Wir steuern demnach geradewegs auf die Automatisierung unserer Gesellschaft und die Fernsteuerung ihrer Bürger durch Algorithmen zu, in denen sich »Big Data« und »Nudging«-Methoden zu einem mächtigen Instrument vereinen. Erste Ansätze dazu lassen sich bereits in China und Singapur beobachten. Ein Zehnpunkteplan soll helfen, jetzt die richtigen Weichen zu stellen, um auch im digitalen Zeitalter Freiheitsrechte und Demokratie zu bewahren und die sich ergebenden Chancen zu nutzen. Vgl. auch das Interview mit D. Helbing zur Resonanz unter: http://www.spektrum.de/news/wie-social-bots-den-brexit-verursachten/1423912. Vgl. auch: https://www.spektrum.de/kolumne/das-grosse-scheitern/1685328.
  4. Misselhorn, C.: Grundfragen der Maschinenethik (2019) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Maschinen werden immer selbständiger, autonomer, intelligenter. Ihr Vormarsch ist kaum mehr zu stoppen. Dabei geraten sie in Situationen, die moralische Entscheidungen verlangen. Doch können Maschinen überhaupt moralisch handeln, sind sie moralische Akteure - und dürfen sie das? Mit diesen und ähnlichen Fragen beschäftigt sich der völlig neue Ansatz der Maschinenethik. Catrin Misselhorn erläutert die Grundlagen dieser neuen Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Philosophie, Informatik und Robotik sachkundig und verständlich, etwa am Beispiel von autonomen Waffensystemen, Pflegerobotern und autonomem Fahren: das grundlegende Buch für die neue Disziplin. Intelligente Maschinen, die nicht nur ungeliebte und kräftezehrende Arbeiten verrichten, sondern als Pflegeroboter, Autos und Cyberwaffen in enger Verbindung zum Menschen stehen bis hin zur Kriegsführung benötigen ein Handlungskorsett, eine moralische Richtschnur ihres Handelns.
  5. Rötzer, F.: Brauchen Roboter eine Ethik und handeln Menschen moralisch? (2017) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Überlegungen dazu, wie autonome Systeme handeln sollten, um in die Welt der Menschen integriert werden zu können Ob Maschinen oder Roboter eine Ethik brauchen, um verantwortungsvoll zu handeln, oder ob Regeln schlicht reichen, ist umstritten. Um moralisch handeln zu können, müssten KI-Systeme nach geläufigen philosophischen Überlegungen entweder Selbstbewusstsein und freien Willen besitzen und vernünftig oder emotional in uneindeutigen Situationen eine moralisch richtige Entscheidung treffen. Ob Menschen meist so handeln, sofern sie überhaupt moralisch verantwortlich entscheiden, oder auch nur meinen, sie würden moralisch richtig handeln, was andere mit gewichtigen Argumenten bestreiten können, sei dahingestellt, ganz abgesehen davon, ob es einen freien Willen gibt. Man kann aber durchaus der Überzeugung sein, dass Menschen in der Regel etwa im Straßenverkehr, wenn schnelle Reaktionen erforderlich sind, instinktiv oder aus dem Bauch heraus entscheiden, also bestenfalls nach einer Moral handeln, die in der Evolution und durch Vererbung und eigene Erfahrung entstanden ist und das Verhalten vor jedem Selbstbewusstsein und freiem Willen determiniert. Ist es daher nicht naiv, wenn von Maschinen wie autonomen Fahrzeugen moralische Entscheidungen gefordert werden und nicht einfach Regeln oder eine "programmierte Ethik" eingebaut werden?
    Source
    https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Brauchen-Roboter-eine-Ethik-und-handeln-Menschen-moralisch-3876309.html?wt_mc=nl.tp-aktuell.woechentlich
  6. Homan, P.A.: Library catalog notes for "bad books" : ethics vs. responsibilities (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The conflict between librarians' ethics and their responsibilities in the process of progressive collection management, which applies the principles of cost accounting to libraries, to call attention to the "bad books" in their collections that are compromised by age, error, abridgement, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright violation, libel, or fraud, is discussed. According to Charles Cutter, notes in catalog records should call attention to the best books but ignore the bad ones. Libraries that can afford to keep their "bad books," however, which often have a valuable second life, must call attention to their intellectual contexts in notes in the catalog records. Michael Bellesiles's Arming America, the most famous case of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty-first century, is used as a test case. Given the bias of content enhancement that automatically pulls content from the Web into library catalogs, catalog notes for "bad books" may be the only way for librarians to uphold their ethical principles regarding collection management while fulfilling their professional responsibilities to their users in calling attention to their "bad books."
    Content
    Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_f.pdf.
    Date
    27. 9.2012 14:22:00
  7. Rösch, H.: Bibliothekarische Berufsethik auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene : Struktur und Funktion des IFLA-Ethikkodex (2014) 0.01 
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    Source
    Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 67(2014) H.1, S.38-57
  8. Niedermair, K.: Gefährden Suchmaschinen und Discovery-Systeme die informationelle Autonomie? (2014) 0.01 
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    Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 67(2014) H.1, S.109-125
  9. Rösch, H.: Ethische Konflikte und Dilemmata im bibliothekarischen Alltag (2014) 0.01 
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    Source
    Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 67(2014) H.1, S.15-32
  10. Dreisiebner, S.: Informationskompetenz und Demokratie : Umwälzungen der IK-Förderung im Zuge der Digitalisierung (2019) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    1. Was ist Informationskompetenz? Was macht Informationskompetenz ist Kern aus? Wie weit greift sie, wo endet sie? Inwiefern spielt Informationskompetenz mit weiteren Kompetenzen zusammen? 2. Wie soll man Informationskompetenz vermitteln? Wie soll Informationskompetenz am besten vermittelt werden? Wie werden Menschen am besten zu informationskompetentem Verhalten motiviert und geführt? 3. Welches sind die zentralen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Informationskompetenz und Informationskompetenzvermittlung? Wie entwickelt sich Informationskompetenz? Welche Bereiche werden künftig wichtiger?
  11. Betz, F.: Informationsethik als Diskursethik (2014) 0.00 
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    Source
    Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 67(2014) H.1, S.33-37
  12. Broughton, V.: ¬The respective roles of intellectual creativity and automation in representing diversity : human and machine generated bias (2019) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The paper traces the development of the discussion around ethical issues in artificial intelligence, and considers the way in which humans have affected the knowledge bases used in machine learning. The phenomenon of bias or discrimination in machine ethics is seen as inherited from humans, either through the use of biased data or through the semantics inherent in intellectually- built tools sourced by intelligent agents. The kind of biases observed in AI are compared with those identified in the field of knowledge organization, using religious adherents as an example of a community potentially marginalized by bias. A practical demonstration is given of apparent religious prejudice inherited from source material in a large database deployed widely in computational linguistics and automatic indexing. Methods to address the problem of bias are discussed, including the modelling of the moral process on neuroscientific understanding of brain function. The question is posed whether it is possible to model religious belief in a similar way, so that robots of the future may have both an ethical and a religious sense and themselves address the problem of prejudice.
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Best papers from NASKO, ISKO-UK, ISKO-France, ISKO-Brazil 2019.
  13. Brandt, M.B.: Ethical aspects in the organization of legislative lnformation (2018) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The goal of this research is to analyze ethical questions related to the organization of legislative information (bills, laws, and speeches) within the scope of the Brazilian Federal legislature (Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate). Field research including interviews was used to collect data in order to investigate the development of knowledge representation tools, such as thesauri and taxonomies , and subject indexing for organization of legislative information (bills, legislation, and speeches). The heads of all sectors responsible for the chosen activities were interviewed in person, and the answers were compared to common ethical problems described in knowledge organization (KO) literature. The results, in part, show a lack of clarity on ethical issues in the treatment of legislative information, pointing to ethical dilemmas and identifying problems such as informational directness, misrepresentation, and ambiguity, among others. The indexers in the Brazilian Congress found ambiguity the ethical aspect faced most often in their jobs. The next most frequent issue was professional inefficiency and in third place was a tie between informational directness and lack of cultural warrant. The research also describes solutions used for various ethical dilemmas. It was found that some indexing terms used to describe bills in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies have been subject to censorship and censored, or censurable, indexing terms have to be hidden in metadata so documents can be retrieved by users. It concludes that a greater ethical awareness of technical aspects is needed for Brazilian Federal legislative information professionals.
  14. Chaves Guimarães, J.A.; Pinho, F.A.; Milani, S.O.: Theoretical dialogs about ethical issues in knowledge organization : García Gutiérrez, Hudon, Beghtol, and Olson (2016) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Considering the need for a constant questioning on the role of the information professional, more specifically with respect to the ethical aspects of their practice, this study discusses how information science has been addressing over the past decades the ethical aspects inherent to the field of knowledge organization. In this context, we discuss the concepts of interactive epistemography and transcultural ethics of mediation by Antonio García Gutiérrez, multilingualism in knowledge representation by Michèle Hudon, cultural hospitality by Clare Beghtol and the power to name by Hope Olson, in their aspects of convergence, complementarity and dialogicity.
    Content
    Beitrag in: Special Issue: "A Festschrift for Hope A. Olson," Guest Editor Thomas Walker.
  15. Cope, J.: Librarianship as intellectual craft : the ethics of classification in the realms of leisure and waged labor (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper develops an ethical conception of library labor as an intellectual craft that can serve as an alternative to a deterministic discourse of technological transformation. In this paper, the author proposes a model of librarianship as an intellectual craft that can be used as an "ideal type" in comparison to recent transformations in the practice of librarianship. This paper then examines the rise of participatory classification in the realm of leisure in user-generated classification schemes (e.g., folksonomies) as a way of examining some of the difficult ethical questions that this ideal of intellectual craft poses when applied to contemporary conditions. Marx's concept of surplus value is used to examine how donated labor adds to the general knowledge. This paper concludes by advocating for the general expansion of leisure coupled with the promotion public institutions that support the craft of those who organize information in a broadly defined public interest. In an era of dramatic change, such a framework offers a positive ethical account of librarians and information professionals' labor that is not wholly dependent on a discourse of market exchange.
    Content
    Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_g.pdf.
  16. Rockembach, M.; Malheiro da Silva, A.: Epistemology and ethics of big data (2018) 0.00 
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    Series
    Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16
    Source
    Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira
  17. Adler, M.; Harper, L.M.: Race and ethnicity in classification systems : teaching knowledge organization from a social justice perspective (2018) 0.00 
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    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Race and Ethnicity in Library and Information Science: An Update'.
  18. Pinho, F.A.; Chaves Guimaraes, J.A.: Male homosexuality in Brazilian indexing languages : some ethical questions (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Studies on ethics in information organization have deeply contributed to the recognition of the social dimension of Information Science. The subject approach to information is linked to an ethical dimension because one of its major concerns is related to its reliability and usefulness in a specific discursive community or knowledge domain. In this direction, we propose, through an exploratory research design with qualitative and inductive characteristics, to identify the specific terminology that Brazilian indexing languages allow for terms relating to male homosexuality. We also analyzed the terms assigned to papers published in the Journal of Homosexuality, Sexualities and Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health between the years 2005 to 2009. From this analysis of terms and the Brazilian indexing languages, we see (1) the Brazilian context, (2) imprecision in the terminology, (3) indications of prejudices disseminated by political correctness, (4) biased representation of the subject matter, (5) and the presence of figures of speech.
    Content
    Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_h.pdf.
  19. Zhang, J.: Archival context, digital content, and the ethics of digital archival representation : the ethics of identification in digital library metadata (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The findings of a recent study on digital archival representation raise some ethical concerns about how digital archival materials are organized, described, and made available for use on the Web. Archivists have a fundamental obligation to preserve and protect the authenticity and integrity of records in their holdings and, at the same time, have the responsibility to promote the use of records as a fundamental purpose of the keeping of archives (SAA 2005 Code of Ethics for Archivists V & VI). Is it an ethical practice that digital content in digital archives is deeply embedded in its contextual structure and generally underrepresented in digital archival systems? Similarly, is it ethical for archivists to detach digital items from their archival context in order to make them more "digital friendly" and more accessible to meet needs of some users? Do archivists have an obligation to bring the two representation systems together so that the context and content of digital archives can be better represented and archival materials "can be located and used by anyone, for any purpose, while still remaining authentic evidence of the work and life of the creator"? (Millar 2010, 157) This paper discusses the findings of the study and their ethical implications relating to digital archival description and representation.
    Content
    Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_d.pdf.
  20. Information cultures in the digital age : a Festschrift in Honor of Rafael Capurro (2016) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    For several decades Rafael Capurro has been at the forefront of defining the relationship between information and modernity through both phenomenological and ethical formulations. In exploring both of these themes Capurro has re-vivified the transcultural and intercultural expressions of how we bring an understanding of information to bear on scientific knowledge production and intermediation. Capurro has long stressed the need to look deeply into how we contextualize the information problems that scientific society creates for us and to re-incorporate a pragmatic dimension into our response that provides a balance to the cognitive turn in information science. With contributions from 35 scholars from 15 countries, Information Cultures in the Digital Age focuses on the culture and philosophy of information, information ethics, the relationship of information to message, the historic and semiotic understanding of information, the relationship of information to power and the future of information education. This Festschrift seeks to celebrate Rafael Capurro's important contribution to a global dialogue on how information conceptualization, use and technology impact human culture and the ethical questions that arise from this dynamic relationship.
    Content
    Inhalt: Super-Science, Fundamental Dimension, Way of Being: Library and Information Science in an Age of Messages / Bawden, David (et al.) (S.31-43) - The "Naturalization" of the Philosophy of Rafael Capurro: Logic, Information and Ethics / Brenner, Joseph E. (S.45-64) - Turing's Cyberworld / Eldred, Michael (S.65-81) - Hermeneutics and Information Science: The Ongoing Journey From Simple Objective Interpretation to Understanding Data as a Form of Disclosure / Kelly, Matthew (S.83-110) - The Epistemological Maturity of Information Science and the Debate Around Paradigms / Ribeiro, Fernanda (et al.) (S.111-124) - A Methodology for Studying Knowledge Creation in Organizational Settings: A Phenomenological Viewpoint / Suorsa, Anna (et al.) (S.125-142) - The Significance of Digital Hermeneutics for the Philosophy of Technology / Tripathi, Arun Kumar (S.143-157) - Reconciling Social Responsibility and Neutrality in LIS Professional Ethics: A Virtue Ethics Approach / Burgess, John T F (S.161-172) - Information Ethics in the Age of Digital Labour and the Surveillance-Industrial Complex / Fuchs, Christian (S.173-190) - Intercultural Information Ethics: A Pragmatic Consideration / Hongladarom, Soraj (S.191-206) - Ethics of European Institutions as Normative Foundation of Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT / Stahl, Bernd Carsten (S.207-219) - Raphael's / Holgate, John D. (S.223-245) - Understanding the Pulse of Existence: An Examination of Capurro's Angeletics / Morador, Fernando Flores (S.247-252) - The Demon in the Gap of Language: Capurro, Ethics and language in Divided Germany / Saldanha, Gustavo Silva (S.253-268) - General Intellect, Communication and Contemporary Media Theory / Frohmann, Bernd (S.271-286) - "Data": The data / Furner, Jonathan (S.287-306) - On the Pre-History of Library Ethics: Documents and Legitimacy / Hansson, Joacim (S.307-319) -
    Ethico-Philosophical Reflection on Overly Self-Confident or Even Arrogant Humanism Applied to a Possible History-oriented Rationality of the Library and Librarianship / Suominen, Vesa (S.321-338) - Culture Clash or Transformation? Some Thoughts Concerning the Onslaught of Market economy on the Internet and its Retaliation / Hausmanninger, Thomas (S.341-358) - Magicians and Guerrillas: Transforming Time and Space / Lodge, Juliet (et al.) (.359-371) - Gramsci, Golem, Google: A Marxist Dialog with Rafael Capurro's Intercultural Information Ethics / Schneider, Marco (S.373-383) - From Culture Industry to Information Society: How Horkheimer and Adorno's Conception of the Culture Industry Can Help Us Examine Information Overload in the Capitalist Information Society / Spier, Shaked (S.385-396) - Ethical and Legal Use of Information by University Students: The Core Content of a Training Program / Fernández-Molina, Juan-Carlos (et al.) (S.399-412) - Reflections on Rafael Capurro's Thoughts in Education and Research of Information Science in Brazil / Pinheiro, Lena Vania (S.413-425) - Content Selection in Undergraduate LIS Education / Zins, Chaim (et al.) (S.427-453) - The Train Has Left the Station: Chronicles of the African Network for Information Ethics and the African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics / Fischer, Rachel (et al.) (S.455-467).
    Footnote
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-14681-8. Rez. in: JASIST 69(2018) no.3, S.495-497 (Kristene Unsworth).

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  • e 19
  • d 10

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