Search (137 results, page 2 of 7)

0.013280373 = product of:
  0.026560746 = sum of:
    0.007728611 = weight(_text_:in in 2392) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.007728611 = score(doc=2392,freq=24.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.1301535 = fieldWeight in 2392, product of:
          4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
            24.0 = termFreq=24.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2392)
    0.00837662 = weight(_text_:und in 2392) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.00837662 = score(doc=2392,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.086576834 = fieldWeight in 2392, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2392)
    0.010455515 = product of:
      0.02091103 = sum of:
        0.02091103 = weight(_text_:22 in 2392) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02091103 = score(doc=2392,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.15286934 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.043654136 = queryNorm
            0.13679022 = fieldWeight in 2392, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2392)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(3/6)

BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)
06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.302 (L.A. Ennis):"This is an important and timely anthology of articles "on the normative issues surrounding information control" (p. 11). Using an interdisciplinary approach, Moore's work takes a broad look at the relatively new field of information ethics. Covering a variety of disciplines including applied ethics, intellectual property, privacy, free speech, and more, the book provides information professionals of all kinds with a valuable and thought-provoking resource. Information Ethics is divided into five parts and twenty chapters or articles. At the end of each of the five parts, the editor has included a few "discussion cases," which allows the users to apply what they just read to potential real life examples. Part I, "An Ethical Framework for Analysis," provides readers with an introduction to reasoning and ethics. This complex and philosophical section of the book contains five articles and four discussion cases. All five of the articles are really thought provoking and challenging writings on morality. For instance, in the first article, "Introduction to Moral Reasoning," Tom Regan examines how not to answer a moral question. For example, he thinks using what the majority believes as a means of determining what is and is not moral is flawed. "The Metaphysics of Morals" by Immanuel Kant looks at the reasons behind actions. According to Kant, to be moral one has to do the right thing for the right reasons. By including materials that force the reader to think more broadly and deeply about what is right and wrong, Moore has provided an important foundation and backdrop for the rest of the book. Part II, "Intellectual Property: Moral and Legal Concerns," contains five articles and three discussion cases for tackling issues like ownership, patents, copyright, and biopiracy. This section takes a probing look at intellectual and intangible property from a variety of viewpoints. For instance, in "Intellectual Property is Still Property," Judge Frank Easterbrook argues that intellectual property is no different than physical property and should not be treated any differently by law. Tom Palmer's article, "Are Patents and Copyrights Morally Justified," however, uses historical examples to show how intellectual and physical properties differ.
Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.
The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."

0.013138894 = product of:
  0.039416682 = sum of:
    0.006246961 = weight(_text_:in in 2460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.006246961 = score(doc=2460,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.10520181 = fieldWeight in 2460, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2460)
    0.03316972 = weight(_text_:und in 2460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03316972 = score(doc=2460,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.34282678 = fieldWeight in 2460, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2460)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

Die vorliegende Arbeit kritisiert den kürzlich veröffentlichten Entwurf eines Ethik-Kodex für Informationsvermittler unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten. Einmal das Verfahren: Die Gültigkeit eines Ethik-Kodex setzt einen Konsens voraus, der mittels eines diskursiven Verfahrens (Entwicklung, Diskussion, Überarbeitung, Verabschiedung) erzielt wurden. Für den Fall von Regelverletzungen müssen hierbei Sanktionen vorgesehen sein. Zum zweiten der Inhalt: Der vorliegende Entwurf verkürzt die ethische Gesamtproblematik auf den ökonomischen Aspekt und enthält darüber hinaus eine Fülle von Unklarheiten, Fehlern und Schludrigkeiten. Die Verfasser fordern fordern einen gedanklichen und verfahrensmäßigen Neuanfang, der sich etwa am Vorgehen der deutschen Soziologen orientieren könnte; dieses Verfahren wird beispielhaft in ausführlicher Weise beschrieben

0.013046755 = product of:
  0.039140265 = sum of:
    0.010709076 = weight(_text_:in in 1559) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010709076 = score(doc=1559,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.18034597 = fieldWeight in 1559, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1559)
    0.02843119 = weight(_text_:und in 1559) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02843119 = score(doc=1559,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.29385152 = fieldWeight in 1559, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1559)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Source

Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation: ein Handbuch zur Einführung in die fachliche Informationsarbeit. 4. Aufl. Hrsg.: M. Buder u.a

0.013043322 = product of:
  0.039129965 = sum of:
    0.0065579433 = weight(_text_:in in 6853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.0065579433 = score(doc=6853,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.110438906 = fieldWeight in 6853, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=6853)
    0.03257202 = weight(_text_:und in 6853) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03257202 = score(doc=6853,freq=42.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.3366492 = fieldWeight in 6853, product of:
          6.4807405 = tf(freq=42.0), with freq of:
            42.0 = termFreq=42.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=6853)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Content

"Drei schwere Kränkungen habe die neuzeitliche Wissenschaft dem Selbstverständnis des Menschen angetan, meinte Sigmund Freud, der Entdecker der Psychoanalyse: Die erste Kränkung habe ihm Johannes Kepler mit dem Nachweis zugefügt, dass nicht die Erde im Zentrum des Universums stehe; die zweite Charles Darwin mit' seiner Theorie, dass der Mensch von tierischen Vorfahren abstamme. Die dritte Kränkung, so schmeichelte sich Freud, habe er selbst mit seiner These verursacht, dass des Menschen (Willens-)Freiheit nur begrenzt und er "nicht Herr im eigenen Hause" sei. Die vierte Kränkung. Nun kommt offenbar eine vierte Kränkung hinzu, vielleicht die schwerste: Der Mensch ist ein Widerspruch der Evolution - und dieser Widerspruch könnte sich selbst eliminieren. Völlig neu ist diese Annahme nicht. Hielt man die Ansicht des Barockdichters Andreas Gryphius, der Mensch könne je nachdem Gott' oder Teufel sein", noch für eine der üblichen Klagen über die Sündhaftigkeit des gottfernen Homo sapiens, so hat die These des Schriftstellers Arthur Koestler, der Mensch sei ein "Irrläufer der Natur", trotz aller Verdrängung wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Wirkung gezeigt. Man muss schon von Verdrängung sprechen, wenn auf wissenschaftlich hochkarätig besetzten Symposien wie jetzt bei den Millennium-Tagen in Kassel ein Neurologe (Ernst Pöppel) eher beiläufig erklärt, das Gehirn des Menschen habe sich seit mehr als 70 000 Jahren nicht verändert. Die politische und gesellschafts- sowie kulturkritische Brisanz dieser Aussage müsste jedem unter die Haut gehen. Denn wie konnte der Mensch hochkomplexe Industriegesellschaften oder Waffensysteme entwickeln und wie findet er sich in ihnen zurecht, wenn der Denkapparat immer noch auf die (Über-)Lebensbedingungen der Altsteinzeit eingestellt ist? Und noch wichtiger: Wie zügelt dieses Großhirn mit Sitz der Vernunft und des rationalen Abwägens die urtümlichen "Leidenschaften" aus viel älteren Hirnteilen? Hier wohnen Hass, Neid, Angst, Gier - die den Menschen zum Töten des Artgenossen antreiben. Das Gehirn ist auf den Umgang mit Faustkeil und Lanze "geeicht", verfügt jedoch über Maschinengewehre, Düsenjets, Laserbomben und Interkontinentalraketen mit Atomsprengköpfen. Der Widerspruch des Menschen liegt in seinen zwei "Wesenhaftigkeiten" oder Naturen. Seine erste "Natur" entwickelte sich im Laufe seiner Stammesgeschichte oder Phylogenese (griech. phylos, der Stamm; genesis, die Entwicklung). Sie muss unmittelbar mit seiner "zweiten Natur", der Intelligenz- oder Kulturentwicklung, gedacht werden. Die Phylogenese wirkte auf die Intelligenzentwicklung ein, diese (auch Ontogenese genannt; griech. oos, das Seiende; genesis, die Entwicklung) wirkte zurück auf die Phylogenese. Ohne Kultur wäre der Mensch nicht lebensfähig. Diese Menschwerdung ist ein ebenso faszinierender wie komplex vernetzter Prozess. Die Folge dieses "Dualismus" sind Verhaltensweisen, die stammesgeschichtlich zweckmäßig, also ,gut' gewesen sind, ontogenetisch, also in der Kultur, unzweckmäßig, ja gefährlich werden können; dann gelten sie auch als moralisch "böse" und juristisch als gesetzwidrig. Andererseits werden zweckmäßige Verhaltensweisen oder Bedürfnisse wie Zuwendung, Fürsorge und Anerkennung auch von der Kultur sträflich missachtet. Das wohl schwerstwiegende Beispiel für diesen Widerspruch ist die leichte Bereitschaft (nicht unbedingt der Trieb) zur Tötung des Artgenossen. Zwar dürfte der Mord in der eigenen Gruppe oder Horde stets tabuisiert und mit Strafe bedroht gewesen sein, nicht aber die Tötung des Fremden; diese war meist "Pflicht". Es hat sich wenig geändert. Viele Indizien sprechen dafür, dass der Selektionsdruck, der die Anthropogenese vom affenähnlichen Ramapithecus über die Hominiden zum "Homo sapiens sapiens" bewirkte, zumindest auch vom werdenden Menschen ausging. Weder eine gefährliche Umwelt noch wilde Tiere waren die entscheidenden Impulse für die Menschwerdung. Die Hominidengruppen mussten sich vielmehr gegeneinander behaupten, sie waren sich gnadenlose Konkurrenten um knappe Lebensräume und waren sich Beute.

Footnote

Kein Instinkt hemmte sie, Reviergrenzen zu überschreiten. Wer listiger war und die wirksameren Waffen entwickelte - alles Intelligenzleistungen -, hatte einen Überlebensvorteil. Diese Fähigkeiten wurden ins Genom übernommen und vererbbar, gleichzeitig förderten sie die Entwicklung des Großhirns, also die Kultur, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Die Konsequenzen dieser Theorie für das überkommene Verständnis des Menschen von sich selbst wären ungeheuerlich - man denke etwa an Thomas Hobbes' Formulierung Homo homini lupus, der Mensch verhält sich zum Menschen wie ein Wolf. Sie erklären zunächst, weshalb es bis jetzt nicht gelungen ist, den Menschen als Art zu befrieden und archaische Reaktionsmuster außer Kraft zu setzen, sei es das Vergeltungsprinzip - Gewalt gegen Gewalt - sei es die Rechtfertigung von Gewalt als sittlich notwendiger (patriotischer) Tat, sei es der Gehorsam gegenüber dem Befehl. Auch Legitimierungsrituale entspringen nicht zuletzt der "Antiquiertheit" der Denkvoraussetzungen. Keine Krone der Schöpfung. Die Untersuchung des Politikwissenschaftlers Rudolph J. Rummel (Death by Government) ist ein entsetzlicher Beleg dafür. Laut Rummel wurden im 20. Jahrhundert 110 Millionen Soldaten und 192 Millionen Zivilisten durch Staatsterror ein-schließlich Bombardierungen umgebracht, weitaus mehr als in der Zeit zwischen 600 v Chr. und 1899. Biologie und Verhaltensforschung haben längst Abschied genommen von der These, der Mensch sei die Krone der Schöpfung. Seine Gewaltbereitschaft und die Rechtfertigung von Gewalt müssen jedoch aufgedeckt werden, auch wenn es schockiert. Gewaltbereitschaft ist, obwohl im Genom angelegt, dennoch nicht unvermeidlich. Als einziger Ausweg bietet sich die Erziehung zum Frieden und zur charakterlich autonomen Persönlichkeit an. Die Methoden, wie diese hohen Ziele erreicht werden könnten, sind leider strittig.

0.01198282 = product of:
  0.03594846 = sum of:
    0.012493922 = weight(_text_:in in 1698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.012493922 = score(doc=1698,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.21040362 = fieldWeight in 1698, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1698)
    0.023454536 = weight(_text_:und in 1698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.023454536 = score(doc=1698,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.24241515 = fieldWeight in 1698, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1698)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

Im ersten Teil des Beitrages wird eine kurze Zusammenfassung der Diskussion um den Schutz der Privatheit in Recht und Ethik gegeben. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Informationsethik. Im zweiten Teil werden einige für die Wissensorganisation relevante Beispiele für den Umgang mit personenbezogenen Daten diskutiert: u. a. Web Information Retrieval, Data Mining sowie FOAF als Beispiel für die Standardisierung von personenbezogenen Informationen.

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.10

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

0.011261909 = product of:
  0.033785727 = sum of:
    0.005354538 = weight(_text_:in in 6376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.005354538 = score(doc=6376,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.09017298 = fieldWeight in 6376, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6376)
    0.02843119 = weight(_text_:und in 6376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02843119 = score(doc=6376,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.29385152 = fieldWeight in 6376, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6376)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

Seit Jahren werden viele Hoffnungen im Wirtschaftsbereich auf die Sparte Multimedia gesetzt. Dem schienen auch die Erfolge Recht zu geben. Unternehmen, die niemand zuvor kannte, gingen an die Börse, schöpften so Kapital und machten glauben, dass eine nicht endende, steil nach oben gerichtete Entwicklung die Folge sei. Doch der Volksmund kennt auch dafür einen Sinnspruch: Die Bäume wachsen nicht in den Himmel. Und genau so zeichnet sich die Desillusionierung im Winter 2000/2001 ab: EM-TV. ist nur noch knapp zehn Prozent dessen wert, was zum Jahresanfang an \Nert an der Börse gehandelt wurde. Oder die Katerstimmung bei den Firmen, die eine UMTS-Lizenz gesteigert haben, nicht nur bei Mobilcom. Erst jetzt scheint manchen Investoren plötzlich klarzuwerden, dass der künftige Kunde nicht unbegrenzte Geldmittel zur Nutzung der Multimediatechnik investieren kann. Das Positive an all diesen Entwicklungen? Nüchternheit kann sich ausbreiten. Vernunft und Ratio haben wieder Chancen. Fragen und heftiges »Nachbohren« sind wieder möglich. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind auch meine neuen Buckower Thesen zu lesen. Es ware schön, sie lösten ähnlich wie die 1997 vorgestellten Thesen eine Kontroverse aus

0.011251582 = product of:
  0.033754744 = sum of:
    0.010096614 = weight(_text_:in in 248) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010096614 = score(doc=248,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.17003182 = fieldWeight in 248, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=248)
    0.02365813 = product of:
      0.04731626 = sum of:
        0.04731626 = weight(_text_:22 in 248) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04731626 = score(doc=248,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15286934 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.043654136 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 248, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=248)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

Having reached the US Supreme Court in 1997, the Communications Decency Act (1996) has strong implications for Internet service providers. How to protect children while not denying adult rights of access is an issue which has impacted successively upon motion pictures, reading materials, radio, television and cable. The case for freedom of electronic speech appears compelling. The problems of obscenity, encryption (cryptography) and provocative 'cyberspeech' on the Internet offers a field day for litigation

Date

22. 2.1999 15:50:50

0.010265838 = product of:
  0.030797515 = sum of:
    0.0071393843 = weight(_text_:in in 2833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.0071393843 = score(doc=2833,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.120230645 = fieldWeight in 2833, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2833)
    0.02365813 = product of:
      0.04731626 = sum of:
        0.04731626 = weight(_text_:22 in 2833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04731626 = score(doc=2833,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15286934 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.043654136 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2833, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2833)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Source

Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.106-110

0.009460791 = product of:
  0.028382372 = sum of:
    0.014166778 = weight(_text_:in in 2455) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014166778 = score(doc=2455,freq=14.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.23857531 = fieldWeight in 2455, product of:
          3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
            14.0 = termFreq=14.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2455)
    0.014215595 = weight(_text_:und in 2455) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014215595 = score(doc=2455,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.14692576 = fieldWeight in 2455, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2455)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Content

Enthält die Beiträge u. Kapitel: HENRICHS, N.: Menschsein im Informationszeitalter; WIEGERLING, K.: Medium und Verhalten; BOUGNOUX, D.: Qui a peur de l'information?; CAPURRO, R.: Moral issues in information science; FROEHLICH, T.J.: Ethical considerations in technology transfer; DOCTOR, R.D.: Information technologies and social equity: confronting the revolution; BARBES, R.F.: Ethical and legal issues raised by information technology: the professional producer-product mix; FROEHLICH, T.J.: Ethics, ideologies, and practices of information technology and systems; Du MONT, R.R.: Ethics in librarianship: a management model; HAUPTMANN, R.: Ethical concerns in librarianship: an overview; SWAN, J.: Ethics inside and out: the case of Guidoriccio; SMITH, M.M.: Infoethics for leaders: models of moral agency in the information environment; KOSTREWSKI, B.J. u. C. OPPENHEIM: Ethics in information science; FROHMANN, B.: Knowledge and power in information science: a discourse analysis of the cognitive viewpoint 'Ein- u. weiterführende Bibliographie'; 'Ethik-Kodizes'

0.009101184 = product of:
  0.027303552 = sum of:
    0.015457222 = weight(_text_:in in 1696) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.015457222 = score(doc=1696,freq=24.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.260307 = fieldWeight in 1696, product of:
          4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
            24.0 = termFreq=24.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1696)
    0.01184633 = weight(_text_:und in 1696) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01184633 = score(doc=1696,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.12243814 = fieldWeight in 1696, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1696)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

The paper addresses the problem of whether the information profession needs ethical norms or guidelines specifically aimed at situations that may arise during knowledge organisation processes, and, if so, which specific norms should be included in codes of conduct. To explore this issue the following three specific questions are addressed: - Which forms of unethical conduct actually occur in knowledge organisation? - Which specific guidelines are required for promoting ethical practices in knowledge organisation? - To what extent does existing ethical codes make provision for knowledge organization practices? Four categories of unethical conduct in knowledge organisation are identified: - The use of terms with negative connotations - Misrepresentation of the subject - Censorship of "undesirable materials" - Bias in verbal indexing languages, classification schemes, evaluative comments in bibliographic records and subject analysis. Guidelines in codes of conduct should be aimed at encouraging information professionals to avoid these unethical practices. An examination of a number of existing ethical codes for the information profession shows that, although general ethical statements, that can be seen as applicable to knowledge organisation tasks, do occur in these codes, this is by no means a general trend. It is also clear that very few of the codes give explicit attention to knowledge organisation.

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.10

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

0.008863994 = product of:
  0.02659198 = sum of:
    0.011805649 = weight(_text_:in in 420) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.011805649 = score(doc=420,freq=14.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.19881277 = fieldWeight in 420, product of:
          3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
            14.0 = termFreq=14.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=420)
    0.014786332 = product of:
      0.029572664 = sum of:
        0.029572664 = weight(_text_:22 in 420) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.029572664 = score(doc=420,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15286934 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.043654136 = queryNorm
            0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 420, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=420)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

The conflict between librarians' ethics and their responsibilities in the process of progressive collection management, which applies the principles of cost accounting to libraries, to call attention to the "bad books" in their collections that are compromised by age, error, abridgement, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright violation, libel, or fraud, is discussed. According to Charles Cutter, notes in catalog records should call attention to the best books but ignore the bad ones. Libraries that can afford to keep their "bad books," however, which often have a valuable second life, must call attention to their intellectual contexts in notes in the catalog records. Michael Bellesiles's Arming America, the most famous case of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty-first century, is used as a test case. Given the bias of content enhancement that automatically pulls content from the Web into library catalogs, catalog notes for "bad books" may be the only way for librarians to uphold their ethical principles regarding collection management while fulfilling their professional responsibilities to their users in calling attention to their "bad books."

Content

Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_f.pdf.

Date

27. 9.2012 14:22:00

0.0086522605 = product of:
  0.02595678 = sum of:
    0.014110449 = weight(_text_:in in 1699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014110449 = score(doc=1699,freq=20.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.2376267 = fieldWeight in 1699, product of:
          4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
            20.0 = termFreq=20.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1699)
    0.01184633 = weight(_text_:und in 1699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01184633 = score(doc=1699,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.12243814 = fieldWeight in 1699, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1699)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

In the past, many professions and scientific disciplines decided to create a code of ethics which shall guide the professional activities of their members. The rules in these codes of ethics, sometimes called ethical guidelines, shall provide guidance in situations of moral conflict. Obviously, as other professionals or scholars, persons who are involved in knowledge organization face moral conflicts, too. Therefore, ISKO decided to discuss whether it would be necessary to create ethical guidelines for ISKO. In the paper two options to formulate a code of ethics are discussed: First, it is possible to identify moral values without formulating the way they can be achieved - this option is realised in the ethical guidelines of the German Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI). Second, it is feasible to clearly define morally acceptable professional actions without formulation basic moral values - this option is realised in the ACM and IEEE-CS Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice. It is argued that if ISKO should decide to implement an own code of ethics it will be inevitable to choose the second option while it also will be necessary to address the specific needs of knowledge organization and its moral problems, for instance, the conflict of copyright and open access. Additionally, the second option has to be completed by basic moral values that shall underlie the professional actions of knowledge organization.

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.10

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

0.00854251 = product of:
  0.05125506 = sum of:
    0.05125506 = weight(_text_:und in 222) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05125506 = score(doc=222,freq=26.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.5297484 = fieldWeight in 222, product of:
          5.0990195 = tf(freq=26.0), with freq of:
            26.0 = termFreq=26.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=222)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Abstract

Neben den theoretischen und allgemeinen Grundlagen von Informationsethik und Bibliotheksethik wird das Spektrum ethischer Konflikte und Dilemmata an Beispielen aus der Praxis des Berufsfelds Bibliothek und Information konkret erläutert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass wissenschaftlich fundierte Aussagen der Informationsethik und der Bibliotheksethik grundlegend für die wertbezogene Standardisierung bibliothekarischer Arbeit und äußerst hilfreich für ethisch abgesicherte Entscheidungen im Berufsalltag sind.

Classification

AN 65100: Begriff, Wesen der Bibliothek / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft
AN 92650: Darstellungen zu mehreren Gebieten / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft

RVK

AN 65100: Begriff, Wesen der Bibliothek / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft
AN 92650: Darstellungen zu mehreren Gebieten / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft

Series

Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis; 68

0.008254642 = product of:
  0.024763925 = sum of:
    0.009977593 = weight(_text_:in in 1868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.009977593 = score(doc=1868,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.16802745 = fieldWeight in 1868, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1868)
    0.014786332 = product of:
      0.029572664 = sum of:
        0.029572664 = weight(_text_:22 in 1868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.029572664 = score(doc=1868,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15286934 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.043654136 = queryNorm
            0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 1868, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1868)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

This article introduces a normative principle for the behavior of contemporary computing and communication systems and considers some of its consequences. The principle, named the principle of distribution, says that in a distributed multi-agent system, control resides as much as possible with the individuals constituting the system rather than in centralized agents; and when that is unfeasible or becomes inappropriate due to environmental changes, control evolves upwards from the individuals to an appropriate intermediate level rather than being imposed from above. The setting for the work is the dynamically changing global space resulting from ubiquitous communication. Accordingly, the article begins by determining the characteristics of the distributed multi-agent space it spans. It then fleshes out the principle of distribution, with examples from daily life as well as from Computer Science. The case is made for the principle of distribution to work at various levels of abstraction of system behavior: to inform the high-level discussion that ought to precede the more low-level concerns of technology, protocols, and standardization, but also to facilitate those lower levels. Of the more substantial applications given here of the principle of distribution, a technical example concerns the design of secure ad hoc networks of mobile devices, achievable without any form of centralized authentication or identification but in a solely distributed manner. Here, the context is how the principle can be used to provide new and provably secure protocols for genuinely ubiquitous communication. A second, more managerial example concerns the distributed production and management of open-source software, and a third investigates some pertinent questions involving the dynamic restructuring of control in distributed systems, important in times of disaster or malevolence.

Date

1. 6.2008 12:22:41

0.008207378 = product of:
  0.049244266 = sum of:
    0.049244266 = weight(_text_:und in 816) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.049244266 = score(doc=816,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.5089658 = fieldWeight in 816, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=816)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Source

Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 67(2014) H.1, S.38-57

0.008037223 = product of:
  0.024111668 = sum of:
    0.010709076 = weight(_text_:in in 5876) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010709076 = score(doc=5876,freq=18.0), product of:
        0.059380736 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.18034597 = fieldWeight in 5876, product of:
          4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
            18.0 = termFreq=18.0
          1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5876)
    0.013402591 = weight(_text_:und in 5876) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.013402591 = score(doc=5876,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.13852294 = fieldWeight in 5876, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5876)
  0.33333334 = coord(2/6)

Abstract

To start off I would like to briefly address the relationship between indexing and classification, which are very technical activities performed by information professionals, and the concept of social responsibility (the focus of this conference), which refer to the human side of the profession. Although indexing and classification involve many technicalities, the basic objective of these activities is to provide access to informationbearing objects, thereby contributing to the social process of information transfer. Information transfer takes place between authors (creators of information- bearing objects) and information users. The authors have something to communicate, and the users have information needs that must be satisfied by the information professional acting as intermediary. In the process of facilitating this information transfer the indexer and classifier therefore has a responsibility towards both authors and information users. Authors can expect the information professional to represent their creations as accurately and exhaustively as possible in retrieval systems, within the constraints of time and cost. Users can expect the information professional to index and classify in such a way as to ensure that information that can satisfy their information needs will be retrievable within the shortest time and with the least effort possible. One can also see the social responsibility of indexers and classifiers in a broader context. They do not only have a responsibility towards specific authors and users, but also towards communities as a whole, e.g. the scientific community, the business community, or society at large. In the case of the scientific community effective transfer of information about advances in research can be seen as essential for the progress of science. Providing effective and suitable information retrieval systems to make this transfer possible can therefore be seen as a responsibility of information professionals. In a business enterprise the effective organization of business records and other business information sources can make a significant contribution to the smooth operation of the enterprise, may be essential for legal purposes, and can enable management to use the information for decision-making at all levels. The information manager therefore has a responsibility towards the enterprise to properly organize and index all these resources.

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.9

Source

Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung: Gesellschaftliche, ökonomische und technische Aspekte. Proceedings der 9. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Duisburg, 5.-7. November 2004. Hrsg. von H.P. Ohly u.a

0.0068394816 = product of:
  0.04103689 = sum of:
    0.04103689 = weight(_text_:und in 843) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.04103689 = score(doc=843,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.42413816 = fieldWeight in 843, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=843)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Source

Von der Information zum Wissen - vom Wissen zur Information: traditionelle und moderne Informationssysteme für Wissenschaft und Praxis, Deutscher Dokumentartag 1987, Bad Dürkheim, vom 23.-25.9.1987. Hrsg.: H. Strohl-Goebel

0.006701296 = product of:
  0.040207777 = sum of:
    0.040207777 = weight(_text_:und in 2710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.040207777 = score(doc=2710,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.41556883 = fieldWeight in 2710, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2710)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Source

Informationsspezialisten zwischen Technik und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung: Internationaler Kongreß der Hochschule für Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, Stuttgart, 4.-5.12.1995. Hrsg.: Projektgruppe Kongreß '95 der HBI Stuttgart

0.006701296 = product of:
  0.040207777 = sum of:
    0.040207777 = weight(_text_:und in 2717) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.040207777 = score(doc=2717,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.41556883 = fieldWeight in 2717, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2717)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Source

Informationsspezialisten zwischen Technik und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung: Internationaler Kongreß der Hochschule für Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, Stuttgart, 4.-5.12.1995. Hrsg.: Projektgruppe Kongreß '95 der HBI Stuttgart

0.006701296 = product of:
  0.040207777 = sum of:
    0.040207777 = weight(_text_:und in 3057) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.040207777 = score(doc=3057,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.09675359 = queryWeight, product of:
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.043654136 = queryNorm
        0.41556883 = fieldWeight in 3057, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3057)
  0.16666667 = coord(1/6)

Source

Informationsspezialisten zwischen Technik und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung: Internationaler Kongreß der Hochschule für Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, Stuttgart, 4.-5.12.1995. Hrsg.: Projektgruppe Kongreß '95 der HBI Stuttgart