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  • × theme_ss:"Notationen / Signaturen"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  1. Jansen, U.: ¬Die Herren der Striche sitzen in Köln : Seit 1974 vergibt GS 1 Kodes zur Erleichterung des Warenverkehrs (2005) 0.02
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    Content
    "Ein kleines Stück von GS 1 Germany fällt Verbrauchern eigentlich jeden Tag in die Hände. Auf Wasserflaschen, Gurkengläsern, Müsliriegeln oder Ringbüchern ist das Kölner Unternehmen schwarz auf weiß vertreten, weil es Herr über die Vergabe des Strichcodes ist. "Seit 30 Jahren verteilt GS 1 Germany an anfragende Unternehmen so genannte Internationale Lokationsnummern (ILN)" sagt Geschäftsführer Jörg Pretzel. Bis zu 300 dieser Lizenzen mit den Anfangsziffern 400 bis 440 vergibt GS 1 Germany pro Monat, insgesamt sind 125.000 auf dem Markt. Große Konzerne wie Henkel oder Metro lassen sich ebenso eine Nummer zuteilen wie kleine regionale Betriebe. Denn an einer ILN können bis zu 10 000 Strichcodes (EAN-Nummern) hängen, die das Unternehmen auf ein Produkt aufdrucken und auf den Markt bringen kann. Doch auch eine kleinere Bürogemeinschaft kann sich eine Nummer sichern, um beispielsweise ihr Inventar mit den acht- bis 13-stelligen Strichcodes zu sichern. Dabei richtet sich die Lizenzgebühr für eine ILN-Nummer nach dem Umsatz des Unternehmens. Die Spannen liegt zwischen 65 Euro und 15 000 Euro", erläutert Referent Thomas Rosenstein. Die zu gleichen Teilen von Handel und Industrie getragene Firma war bislang unter dem Namen Centrale für Coorganisation (CCG) bekannt. Wie die Partner in den Nachbarländern firmiert sie künftig unter GS 1 und dem jeweiligen Ländernamen, um die Internationalität der Initiative herauszustellen.
    "Ein Kaugummi von Wrigley's war das erste Produkt mit einem Strichcode", erzählt Rosenstein. Von den USA schwappte die Kennzeichnungs-Welle nach Deutschland. Das ist allerdings lange her: Seit 1974 erleichtert das inzwischen vom Bundeskartellamt als neutral anerkannte Unternehmen den Waren- und Rechnungsverkehr zwischen Firmen. Denn durch die gesetzlich nicht vorgeschriebenen EAN-Nummern sind eindeutige, überschneidungsfreie Warenkennzeichnungen möglich. Seit fast 30 Jahren sind laut Rosenstein auch die ersten Scannerkassenin Betrieb. Gerade beim Kassieren ist der Strichcode, eine enorme Erleichterung. Allerdings ist es Sache der Supermarktketten, den Computer beispielsweise mit den Preisen oder anderen Produktinformationen zu füttern. Die Stammdaten - also welcher Code für Coca-Cola oder Labello steht - werden bei der Kölner Sinfos GmbH hinterlegt. So kommt-der Handel auch Missbrauchsfällen auf die Spur. Denn laut Rosenstein drucken manche Unternehmen einfach eine Nummer auf, um im internationalen Warenverkehr mitzumischen. "Das fliegt dann schnell auf" so Rosenstein. Eine Weiterentwicklung des Strichcodes ist die Radiofrequenztechnik zur Identifikation (RFID). Damit soll in der Zukunft nicht nur das Produkt Spreewalder Dillgurken der jeweiligen Firma als solches gekennzeichnet werden, sondern auch die Herkunft jedes einzelnen Glases bis zu seiner Abfüllung nachzuvollziehen sein. "Das erleichtert Rückrufaktionen ungemein", meint Rosenstein. Erste Tests laufen schon bei der Metro-Kette: Sie hat in ihrem Rheinberger Supermarkt der Zukunft" bereits den Chip auf einigen Waren. So"braucht der Kunde irgendwann seinen Einkaufswagen vielleicht nur noch durch eine Schleuse zu schieben und bekommt danach den Gesamtpreis genannt."
    Date
    3. 5.1997 8:44:22
  2. Gunzenhäuser, M.: "Optimale Signatur" und zweckmäßige Aufstellung der Bestände : eine Kritik und ein neuer Vorschlag (1955) 0.02
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    Footnote
    Erwiderung auf: Fuchs, W. in: ZfB 67(1953) S.438-458.
  3. Fuchs, W.: Sachliche Ordnung, Aufstellung und Signatur in ihrem rationellen Verhältnis : Optimale Notation in optimal geordnet aufgestellter Bibliothek (1953) 0.02
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    Footnote
    Vgl. auch: Gunzenhäuser, M. in: ZfB 69(1955) S.356-363.
  4. Savic, D.: CUTT-x: an expert system for automatic assignment of Cutter numbers (1996) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Briefly describes the form and function of Cutter numbers in the classification of books and describes the CUTT-x expert system for the automatic assignment of Cutter numbers with particular reference to the 3 basic elements in the system: knowledge base; inference engine; and user interface. The system was designed, tested and implemented in the Library of the International Civil Aviation Organization and was developed using the MS Access relational database management system in a Windows environment
    Source
    Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.2, S.71-87
  5. Broughton, V.: Notational expressivity : the case for and against the representation of internal subject structure in notational coding (1999) 0.01
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    Abstract
    The ways in which notation can be used to express the content of documents to which it relates are various. At the most superficial level notation can correspond to the hierarchical structure of the schedules or link to literal components. The notation of compound concepts can express the structure and composition of the compound, and systems exist in which symbols denote the functional roles of the constituent elements and the relationships between them. At the highest level notation can be used to mirror the actual structure of those entities which it represents, as in the case of mathematical systems or chemical compounds. Methods of displaying these structures are examined, and the practicality in a documentary context is questioned, with particular reference to recent revision work on the chemistry class of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification 2nd edition (BC2)
    Date
    10. 8.2001 13:22:14
  6. Starchan, D.: ¬A chance to make UDC notation more computer-friendly (2000) 0.01
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    Source
    Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 22(2000), S.43-44
  7. Kluth, R.: System - Notation - Leitkarten (1955) 0.01
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    Source
    Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 2(1955), S.98-111
  8. Beck, H.: ¬Die Notation im systematischen Katalog (1970) 0.01
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    Footnote
    Gute Zusammenfassung der Eigenschaften verschiedener Notationsformen für Buchaufstellung und Kataloge; zwangsläufig aber vor Einführung von Online-Katalogen
  9. Leyh, G.: Aufstellung und Signaturen (1961) 0.01
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  10. Ranganathan, S.R.: Zone analysis and mixed notation (1992) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Describes the emergence of mixed notation with the use of connecting symbols needed in an analytico-synthetic classification suited to the depth classification of micro-documents dealing with a dynamic universe of knowledge. Indicates the advantages of zone-formation in anarray with a mixed notation to accomodate newly emerging main classes, partial comprehension of main classes, heterogeneous sets of isolates in an array of a facet, numerous isolates in a facet, numerous canonical issues within a main class, and telescoping of facets
    Footnote
    Wiederabdruck des Beitrages; Original in: IASLIC bulletin 1(1956) no.2, S.44-47.
  11. Gnoli, C.: Notation (2018) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Notations are systems of symbols that can be combined according to syntactical rules to represent meanings in a specialized domain. In knowledge organization, they are systems of numerals, letters and punctuation marks associated to a concept that mechanically produce helpful sequences of them for arranging books on shelves, browsing subjects in directories and displaying items in catalogues. Most bibliographic classification systems, like Dewey Decimal Classification, use a positional notation allowing for expression of increasingly specific subjects by additional digits. However, some notations like that of Bliss Bibliographic Classification are purely ordinal and do not reflect the hierarchical degree of a subject. Notations can also be expressive of the syntactical structure of compound subjects (common auxiliaries, facets etc.) in various ways. In the digital media, notation can be recorded and managed in databases and exploited to provide appropriate search and display functionalities.
    Series
    Reviews of concepts in knowledge organization
  12. Drezek, G.: Call number relabelling project in an amalgamated university library : how and why we relabelled 170.000 items in three weeks and what good did it to us? (1993) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Discusses a major collection relabelling project undertaken by Queensland University of Technology Library in order to provide a consistent classification and accession numbering scheme on all campuses. The project is examined in terms of how it was done, what was achieved, and what went wrong
  13. Cheti, A.; Crocetti, A.; Danesi, D.: Espansione o elencazione? : Ovvero l'equivoco ingombro (1995) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Presents a rebuttal of criticisms of the Italian version of Dewey's 20th ed., which in the section relating to the geography of Italy was alleged to have expanded and updated Auxiliary Table 2 by using classification methods that resulted in errors in the location of some of the country's 8.000 communes (Bibliotecario 38(1993), 147-148). The debate focuses on aspects such as the numbering system of classification, the use of subdivisions, whether or not to list all communes,and the absence in Italy of an intermediate entity between province and commune
  14. Coates, E.J.: Notation in classification (1957) 0.00
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  15. Chen, K.-n.: Dynamic subject numbers replace traditional classification numbers (2013) 0.00
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    Abstract
    This article presents a new idea on shelving printed books and finding books in libraries. The author advocates that traditional book classification number (TBCN) systems should be replaced by a better indexing method for books in libraries. The author proposes a new way of seeking books for library users wishing to locate them called a 'dynamic book subject number' (DBSN) system. The new system combines new indexing rules and automated system technology to create settings in which a book's 'subject number' can change rather than having a particular permanent classification number assigned to it. The new way encourages library users to seek books through a user-friendly cataloging system by choosing subjects from the embedded database. The database contains thousands of subjects with their corresponding Arabic codes. For printed books, the DBSN ushers in a new era in the relationship between library users and the books.
  16. Craven, T.C.: Salient node notation (1979) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Salient node notation is a technique for decreasing the average length of notation in a classification scheme without sacrficing expressiveness or disturbing the succession of chracteristics of the filing order. Assignment of notation begins at a node of the classification tree other than the root. This salient node may be determined algorithmically, given data on the bias of the collection to be classified, even if only part of the tree has been developed. A dummy value is reserved to indicate upward movement in the tree. The technique is especially applicable to classification schemes for spevialized collections and to facets such as space in which the biases of human existence are especially prominent
  17. Satija, M.P.: History of book numbers (1987) 0.00
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    Abstract
    The history of book numbers starts only with Melvil Dewey, as before hom books were shelved in fixed location systems. The article traces the early attempts by Dewey himself to combine class numbers with author numbers and shows the development in the individualization of book numbers by a great number of classificationists and classifiers, among which J. Schwartz, W.S. Biscoe, Ch.A. Cutter, K.E. Sanborn, J.D. Brown, A.F. Rider and finally S.R. Ranganathan whose faceted structure and ease of application of book numbers seems still to be the optimal solution. Two rival systems of book numbers are alphabetical by author and chronological by the year of publication of a books. The concluding chapter is devoted to the existing literatur on book numbers and laments its vanishing quality. The study of book numbers is not getting due attention.
  18. Sukhmaneva, E.G.: ¬The problems of notation and faceted classification 0.00
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    Content
    English version of a Russion paper first published in the series Sciebtific and Technical Information (Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya Informatsya), Series 2 No.11.
  19. Satija, M.P.: Book numbers in India with special reference to the author table for Indian names designed and used by the National Library of India (2007) 0.00
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    Abstract
    A book number takes shelf arrangement of documents to a point where classification per se cannot. Class number alone is not able to uniquely individualise a document on the library shelves. The function of a book number starts from where that of the class number ends. An author number also brings together all the books by one author in one specific subject. A chronological book number will clearly portray the development of a subject over a given period. Book numbers are indispensable for a shelflist. The National Library (NL) of India at Kolkata has a collection of about 3 million documents. For organizing its contents it uses the DDC and the shelf arrangement is by Cutter's three figure author table. For Indian names it uses its home-made author table described here. Though the National Library table is designed especially for Indian names across all religions and regional cultures, vet its use outside the National Library has not been reported mostly due lack of marketing. Since 1961 the Indian cultural names have undergone many changes. The need is to revise and update the table to reflect the current culture and new authors across India.