Search (26 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × theme_ss:"Wissensrepräsentation"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Wildgen, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie (1992) 0.03 
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    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
    Source
    Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
  2. Kutschera, F. von: ¬Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus (1992) 0.02 
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    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
    Source
    Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
  3. Franzen, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? : Realismus plus Skeptizismus! (1992) 0.02 
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    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
    Source
    Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
  4. Sandkühler, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens : eine Verteidigung der Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus (1992) 0.02 
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    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
    Source
    Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
  5. Roth, G.; Schwegler, H.: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns : ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung (1992) 0.02 
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    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
    Source
    Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler
  6. Wirklichkeit und Wissen : Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften (1992) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Dieser Band ist interdisziplinär - philosophisch, psychologisch, linguistisch, neurobiologisch - Fragen der Wissenschaftsphilosophie gewidmet: Was ist 'Wirklichkeit'? Repräsentiert Wissen Realität? Oder ist 'Wirklichkeit' Konstruktion nach dem Maß menschlichen Geistes? Welche Konzepte von 'Wirklichkeit' und 'Wissen' setzen - im Rahmen welcher wissenschaftlicher Weltbilder - Wissenschaftler in ihren Beschreibungen und Erklärungen von Welt voraus? Gibt es eine Realität, die in ihrer Existenz wie Beschaffenheit unabhängig ist von menschlichen Erfahrungen, Denkformen und Annahmen (Alltagsrealismus)? Existieren die Entitäten wissenschaftlicher Theorien, ob beobachtbar oder nicht, unabhängig von mentalen (phänomenalen, intentionalen) Zuständen (Wissenschaftsrealismus)? Sind - wie dies Physikalismus, Naturalismus und wissenschaftlicher Realismus annehmen - die einzigen existierenden Entitäten physische und physikalisch beschreibbare und können physikalische Gesetze alles erklären, was erklärt werden kann?
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: KUTSCHERA, F. von: Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus; FRANZEN, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? Realismus plus Skeptizismus!; KREISER, L.: Bruno Bauchs idealistischer Realismus. Votum im Anschluß an Winfried Franzen; DIEDERICH, W.: Probleme und Grenzen des Anti-Realismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Der Schluß auf die beste Erklärung und das Induktionsproblem. Votum zu Werner Diederich; BÜHLER, A.: Antirealismus und Verifikationismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Bemerkungen zu einem bedeutungstheoretischen Argument gegen den Realismus. Votum zu Axel Bühler; ERPENBECK, J.: Psychologie: Gratwanderung zwischen Realismus und Konstruktivismus; ROTH, G. u. H. SCHWEGLER: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns. Ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung; Voten dazu von: H. TETENS, M. BOENKE u. L. LÄSKER; WILDGEN, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie; BECKERMANN, A.: Wie real sind intentionale Zustände? Dennett zwischen Fodor und den Churchlands; ENGEL, P.: Teleosemantics: realistic or anti-realistic? Votum; HOLENSTEIN, E.: Ein Grund, kein Epiphänomenalist zu sein. Votum; SANDKÜHLER, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens. Eine Verteidigung des Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus; PÄTZOLD, D.: Intellectus effabilis. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; METSCHER, T.: 'Episteme': Wissen als anthropologisches Datum. Grundsätze einer elementaren Epistemologie. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; PASTERNACK, G.: Realismus vs Antirealismus. Ein wissenschaftsphilosophisches Explikationsproblem. Votum
    Series
    Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18
  7. Endres-Niggemeyer, B.: Bessere Information durch Zusammenfassen aus dem WWW (1999) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Am Beispiel der Knochenmarktransplantation, eines medizinischen Spezialgebietes, wird im folgenden dargelegt, wie man BenutzerInnen eine großen Teil des Aufwandes bei der Wissensbeschaffung abnehmen kann, indem man Suchergebnisse aus dem Netz fragebezogen zusammenfaßt. Dadurch wird in zeitkritischen Situationen, wie sie in Diagnose und Therapie alltäglich sind, die Aufnahme neuen Wissens ermöglicht. Auf einen Überblick über den Stand des Textzusammenfassens und der Ontologieentwicklung folgt eine Systemskizze, in der die Informationssuche im WWW durch ein kognitiv fundiertes Zusammenfassungssystem ergänzt wird. Dazu wird eine Fach-Ontologie vorgeschlagen, die das benötigte Wissen organisiert und repräsentiert.
  8. Reimer, U.: Einführung in die Wissensrepräsentation : netzartige und schema-basierte Repräsentationsformate (1991) 0.01 
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    Classification
    ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware
    RVK
    ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware
    Series
    Leitfäden und Monographien der Informatik
  9. Giunchiglia, F.; Villafiorita, A.; Walsh, T.: Theories of abstraction (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes the types of representations used in different theories of abstractions. Shows how the type of mapping between these representations has been increasingly generalised. Discusses desirable properties preserved by such mappings and identifies how these properties are influenced by the mappings and the presentations defined. Surveys programs made in understanding the complexity reduction associated with abstraction. Focuses on formal models of how abstraction reduces the search space. Presents some of the systems that implement abstraction. shows how the efforts in this area have focused on the mechanisation of languages for the declarative representation of abstraction.
    Date
    1.10.2018 14:13:22
  10. Priss, U.: Description logic and faceted knowledge representation (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The term "facet" was introduced into the field of library classification systems by Ranganathan in the 1930's [Ranganathan, 1962]. A facet is a viewpoint or aspect. In contrast to traditional classification systems, faceted systems are modular in that a domain is analyzed in terms of baseline facets which are then synthesized. In this paper, the term "facet" is used in a broader meaning. Facets can describe different aspects on the same level of abstraction or the same aspect on different levels of abstraction. The notion of facets is related to database views, multicontexts and conceptual scaling in formal concept analysis [Ganter and Wille, 1999], polymorphism in object-oriented design, aspect-oriented programming, views and contexts in description logic and semantic networks. This paper presents a definition of facets in terms of faceted knowledge representation that incorporates the traditional narrower notion of facets and potentially facilitates translation between different knowledge representation formalisms. A goal of this approach is a modular, machine-aided knowledge base design mechanism. A possible application is faceted thesaurus construction for information retrieval and data mining. Reasoning complexity depends on the size of the modules (facets). A more general analysis of complexity will be left for future research.
    Date
    22. 1.2016 17:30:31
  11. Priss, U.: Faceted knowledge representation (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Faceted Knowledge Representation provides a formalism for implementing knowledge systems. The basic notions of faceted knowledge representation are "unit", "relation", "facet" and "interpretation". Units are atomic elements and can be abstract elements or refer to external objects in an application. Relations are sequences or matrices of 0 and 1's (binary matrices). Facets are relational structures that combine units and relations. Each facet represents an aspect or viewpoint of a knowledge system. Interpretations are mappings that can be used to translate between different representations. This paper introduces the basic notions of faceted knowledge representation. The formalism is applied here to an abstract modeling of a faceted thesaurus as used in information retrieval.
    Date
    22. 1.2016 17:30:31
  12. Järvelin, K.; Kristensen, J.; Niemi, T.; Sormunen, E.; Keskustalo, H.: ¬A deductive data model for query expansion (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    We present a deductive data model for concept-based query expansion. It is based on three abstraction levels: the conceptual, linguistic and occurrence levels. Concepts and relationships among them are represented at the conceptual level. The expression level represents natural language expressions for concepts. Each expression has one or more matching models at the occurrence level. Each model specifies the matching of the expression in database indices built in varying ways. The data model supports a concept-based query expansion and formulation tool, the ExpansionTool, for environments providing heterogeneous IR systems. Expansion is controlled by adjustable matching reliability.
    Source
    Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (ACM SIGIR '96), Zürich, Switzerland, August 18-22, 1996. Eds.: H.P. Frei et al
    Theme
    Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
  13. Hodgson, J.P.E.: Knowledge representation and language in AI (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The aim of this book is to highlight the relationship between knowledge representation and language in artificial intelligence, and in particular on the way in which the choice of representation influences the language used to discuss a problem - and vice versa. Opening with a discussion of knowledge representation methods, and following this with a look at reasoning methods, the author begins to make his case for the intimate relationship between language and representation. He shows how each representation method fits particularly well with some reasoning methods and less so with others, using specific languages as examples. The question of representation change, an important and complex issue about which very little is known, is addressed. Dr Hodgson gathers together recent work on problem solving, showing how, in some cases, it has been possible to use representation changes to recast problems into a language that makes them easier to solve. The author maintains throughout that the relationships that this book explores lie at the heart of the construction of large systems, examining a number of the current large AI systems from the viewpoint of representation and language to prove his point.
    Classification
    ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware
    RVK
    ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware
    Series
    Ellis Horwood series in artificial intelligence
  14. Semantic knowledge and semantic representations (1995) 0.01 
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    BK
    18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
    Classification
    18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein
    Content
    G. Gainotti, M.C. Silveri, A. Daniele, L. Giustolisi, Neuroanatomical Correlates of Category-specific Semantic Disorders: A Critical Survey. J. S. Snowden, H. L. Griffiths, D. Neary, Autobiographical Experience and Word Meaning. L. Cipolotti, E.K. Warrington, Towards a Unitary Account of Access Dysphasia: A Single Case Study. E. Forde, G.W. Humphreys, Refractory Semantics in Global Aphasia: On Semantic Organisation and the Access-Storage Distinction in Neuropsychology. A. E. Hillis, A. Caramazza, The Compositionality of Lexical Semantic Representations: Clues from Semantic Errors in Object Naming. H.E. Moss, L.K. Tyler, Investigating Semantic Memory Impairments: The Contribution of Semantic Priming. K.R. Laws, S.A. Humber, D.J.C. Ramsey, R.A. McCarthy, Probing Sensory and Associative Semantics for Animals and Objects in Normal Subjects. K.R. Laws, J.J. Evans, J. R. Hodges, R.A. McCarthy, Naming without Knowing and Appearance without Associations: Evidence for Constructive Processes in Semantic Memory? J. Powell, J. Davidoff, Selective Impairments of Object-knowledge in a Case of Acquired Cortical Blindness. J.R. Hodges, N. Graham, K. Patterson, Charting the Progression in Semantic Dementia: Implications for the Organisation of Semantic Memory. E. Funnell, Objects and Properties: A Study of the Breakdown of Semantic Memory. L.J. Tippett, S. McAuliffe, M. J. Farrar, Preservation of Categorical Knowledge in Alzheimer's Disease: A Computational Account. G. W. Humphreys, C. Lamote, T.J. Lloyd-Jones, An Interactive Activation Approach to Object Processing: Effects of Structural Similarity, Name Frequency, and Task in Normality and Pathology.
  15. Fischer, D.H.: From thesauri towards ontologies? (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The ISO 2788 guidelines for monolingual thesauri contain a differentiation of "the hierarchical relationship" into "generic", "partitive", and "instance", which, for purposes of document retrieval, was deemed adequate. However, ontologies, designed as language inventories for a wider scope of knowledge representation, are based on all these and some more logical differentiations. Rereading the ISO 2788 standard and inspecting the published Cyc Upper Ontology, it is argued that the adoption of the document-retrieval definition of subsumption generally prevents the conception or use of a thesaurus as a substructure of an ontology of the new kind as constructed for AI applications. When a thesaurus is used for fact description and inference on fact descriptions, the instance-of relationship too should be reconsidered: It may also link concepts and metaconcepts, and then its distinction from subsumption is needed. The treatment of the instance-of relationship in thesauri, the Cyc Upper Ontology, and WordNet is described from this perspective
    Series
    Advances in knowledge organization; vol.6
    Source
    Structures and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 5th International ISKO-Conference, Lille, 25.-29.8.1998. Ed.: W. Mustafa el Hadi et al
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  16. Rolland-Thomas, P.: Thesaural codes : an appraisal of their use in the Library of Congress Subject Headings (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    LCSH is known as such since 1975. It always has created headings to serve the LC collections instead of a theoretical basis. It started to replace cross reference codes by thesaural codes in 1986, in a mechanical fashion. It was in no way transformed into a thesaurus. Its encyclopedic coverage, its pre-coordinate concepts make it substantially distinct, considering that thesauri usually map a restricted field of knowledge and use uniterms. The questions raised are whether the new symbols comply with thesaurus standards and if they are true to one or to several models. Explanations and definitions from other lists of subject headings and thesauri, literature in the field of classification and subject indexing will provide some answers. For instance, see refers from a subject heading not used to another or others used. Exceptionally it will lead from a specific term to a more general one. Some equate a see reference with the equivalence relationship. Such relationships are pointed by USE in LCSH. See also references are made from the broader subject to narrower parts of it and also between associated subjects. They suggest lateral or vertical connexions as well as reciprocal relationships. They serve a coordination purpose for some, lay down a methodical search itinerary for others. Since their inception in the 1950's thesauri have been devised for indexing and retrieving information in the fields of science and technology. Eventually they attended to a number of social sciences and humanities. Research derived from thesauri was voluminous. Numerous guidelines are designed. They did not discriminate between the "hard" sciences and the social sciences. RT relationships are widely but diversely used in numerous controlled vocabularies. LCSH's aim is to achieve a list almost free of RT and SA references. It thus restricts relationships to BT/NT, USE and UF. This raises the question as to whether all fields of knowledge can "fit" in the Procrustean bed of RT/NT, i.e., genus/species relationships. Standard codes were devised. It was soon realized that BT/NT, well suited to the genus/species couple could not signal a whole-part relationship. In LCSH, BT and NT function as reciprocals, the whole-part relationship is taken into account by ISO. It is amply elaborated upon by authors. The part-whole connexion is sometimes studied apart. The decision to replace cross reference codes was an improvement. Relations can now be distinguished through the distinct needs of numerous fields of knowledge are not attended to. Topic inclusion, and topic-subtopic, could provide the missing link where genus/species or whole/part are inadequate. Distinct codes, BT/NT and whole/part, should be provided. Sorting relationships with mechanical means can only lead to confusion.
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  17. Schmitz-Esser, W.: Language of general communication and concept compatibility (1996) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.11-22
  18. Vickery, B.C.: Ontologies (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the emergence of the term 'ontology' in knowledge engineering (and now in information science) with a definition of the term as currently used. Ontology is the study of what exists and what must be assumed to exist in order to achieve a cogent description or reality. The term has seen extensive application to artificial intelligence. Describes the process of building an ontology and the uses of such tools in knowledge engineering. Concludes by comparing ontologies with similar tools used in information science
  19. Barsalou, L.W.: Frames, concepts, and conceptual fields (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In this chapter I propose that frames provide the fundamental representation of knowledge in human cognition. In the first section, I raise problems with the feature list representations often found in theories of knowledge, and I sketch the solutions that frames provide to them. In the second section, I examine the three fundamental concepts of frames: attribute-value sets, structural invariants, and constraints. Because frames also represents the attributes, values, structural invariants, and constraints within a frame, the mechanism that constructs frames builds them recursively. The frame theory I propose borrows heavily from previous frame theories, although its collection of representational components is somewhat unique. Furthermore, frame theorists generally assume that frames are rigid configurations of independent attributes, whereas I propose that frames are dynamic relational structures whose form is flexible and context dependent. In the third section, I illustrate how frames support a wide variety of representational tasks central to conceptual processing in natural and artificial intelligence. Frames can represent exemplars and propositions, prototypes and membership, subordinates and taxonomies. Frames can also represent conceptual combinations, event sequences, rules, and plans. In the fourth section, I show how frames define the extent of conceptual fields and how they provide a powerful productive mechanism for generating specific concepts within a field.
    Source
    Frames, fields and contrasts: new essays in semantic and lexical organization. Eds.: A. Lehrer u. E.F. Kittay
  20. Rindflesch, T.C.; Aronson, A.R.: Semantic processing in information retrieval (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Intuition suggests that one way to enhance the information retrieval process would be the use of phrases to characterize the contents of text. A number of researchers, however, have noted that phrases alone do not improve retrieval effectiveness. In this paper we briefly review the use of phrases in information retrieval and then suggest extensions to this paradigm using semantic information. We claim that semantic processing, which can be viewed as expressing relations between the concepts represented by phrases, will in fact enhance retrieval effectiveness. The availability of the UMLS® domain model, which we exploit extensively, significantly contributes to the feasibility of this processing.

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Languages

  • e 17
  • d 8

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