Search (9 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Die Thermodynamik als Grenzgebiet zwischen Physik und Chemie lehrt die fundamentale Bedeutung des Ordnungsbegriffs für alles Geschehen in der unbelebten Natur; viele Vorgänge gewinnen durch ihn Erklärung und Vorausberechenbarkeit. Das Verhalten eines Informationssystems unter der Belastung seiner wachsenden Inanspruchnahme wird verständlich, wenn man jegliches Geschehen auf diesem Gebiet aus der Perspektive eines thermodynamisch und philosophisch fundierten Ordnungsbegriffs betrachtet. Die Zukunftssicherheit eines Informationssystems hängt entscheidend vom Grad der in ihm herrschenden Ordnung ab. Zum Ordnungsschaffen können die klassischen Werkzeuge der Logik wirkungsvoll eingesetzt werden

Source

Klassifikation und Ordnung. Tagungsband 12. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Darmstadt 17.-19.3.1988. Hrsg.: R. Wille

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Abstract

Wenn man unter "Indexierung" den zweistufigen Prozeß (a) des Erkennens der Essenz eines wiederauffindbar zu machenden Textes und (b) des Wiedergebens dieser Essenz in einer ausreichend wiedergabetreuen und genügend gut voraussagbaren Form versteht, dann kann die Qualität der Indexierung gesteigert werden, wenn sie unter besonderer Beachtung der Begriffe aus einer kleinen Zahl von besonders wichtigen semantischen Kategorien erfolgt. Bei der Gestaltung der Indexierungssprache müssen die Begriffe aus diesen Kategorien in der erforderlichen Detailliertheit in den Wortschatz aufgenommen werden, und Präkombinationen, die zu "multikategorialen" Begroffen führen, sind möglichst weitgehend zu vermeiden. Präkombinationen, die ausschließlich durch Einbeziehung von häufig vorkommenden ("ubiquitätren") monokategorialen Begriffen gebildet werden, können und sollen aus pragmatischen Gründen für den Wortschatz zugelassen werden. Das Konzept des "Relationenweges" erklärt, inwiefern solche Präkombinationen für den Wortschatz nicht schädlich sind

Source

Die Klassifikation und ihr Umfeld: Proc. 10. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Münster, 18.-21.6.1986. Hrsg.: P.O. Degens

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Footnote

Rez. in: International classification 12(1985) S.106 (L. Kalok)

RSWK

Information und Dokumentation / Systemgrundlage (BVB)

Subject

Information und Dokumentation / Systemgrundlage (BVB)

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Content

Enthält in gut verständlicher Form u.a. eine Darstellung der Konzepte 'Vorhersagbarkeit' und 'Wiedergabetreue' von Elementen einer Indexierungssprache

Source

Anwendungen in der Klassifikation. I. Proc. 8. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Hofgeismar, 10.-13.4.1984. Hrsg.: R.G. Henzler

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Abstract

The second Cranfield experiment (Cranfield II) in the mid-1960s challenged assumptions held by librarians for nearly a century, namely, that the objective of providing subject access was to bring together all materials an a given topic and that the achieving of this objective required vocabulary control in the form of an index language. The results of Cranfield II were replicated by other retrieval experiments quick to follow its lead and increasing support was given to the opinion that natural language information systems could perform at least as effectively, and certainly more economically, than those employing index languages. When the results of empirical research dramatically counter conventional wisdom, an obvious course is to question the validity of the research and, in the case of retrieval experiments, this eventually happened. Retrieval experiments were criticized for their artificiality, their unrepresentative sampies, and their problematic definitions-particularly the definition of relevance. In the minds of some, at least, the relative merits of natural languages vs. indexing languages continued to be an unresolved issue. As with many eitherlor options, a seemingly safe course to follow is to opt for "both," and indeed there seems to be an increasing amount of counsel advising a combination of natural language and index language search capabilities. One strong voice offering such counsel is that of Robert Fugmann, a chemist by training, a theoretician by predilection, and, currently, a practicing information scientist at Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main. This selection from his writings sheds light an the capabilities and limitations of both kinds of indexing. Its special significance lies in the fact that its arguments are based not an empirical but an rational grounds. Fugmann's major argument starts from the observation that in natural language there are essentially two different kinds of concepts: 1) individual concepts, repre sented by names of individual things (e.g., the name of the town Augsburg), and 2) general concepts represented by names of classes of things (e.g., pesticides). Individual concepts can be represented in language simply and succinctly, often by a single string of alphanumeric characters; general concepts, an the other hand, can be expressed in a multiplicity of ways. The word pesticides refers to the concept of pesticides, but also referring to this concept are numerous circumlocutions, such as "Substance X was effective against pests." Because natural language is capable of infinite variety, we cannot predict a priori the manifold ways a general concept, like pesticides, will be represented by any given author. It is this lack of predictability that limits natural language retrieval and causes poor precision and recall. Thus, the essential and defining characteristic of an index language ls that it is a tool for representational predictability.

Footnote

Original in: International classification 9(1982) no.3, S.140-144.

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Abstract

This article introduces a series of 8 papers giving a survey of the decisions to be made in the choice of the most expedient indexing method and presenting a short description of the contents of each of the papers, namely: the definability of the requested information; individual vs. generic concepts; the predictibility of their mode of expression; the fidelity of concept representation: the indexing language vocabulary; the indexing language grammar; the category-controlled interplay between vocabulary and grammar in an indexing language; the practice of information supply: the personal file; the employment of a large indexing language vocabulary; eth employment of an indexing language syntax