Search (23 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × year_i:[1980 TO 1990}
  • × theme_ss:"Theorie verbaler Dokumentationssprachen"
  1. Neet, H.: Assoziationsrelationen in Dokumentationslexika für die verbale Sacherschließung (1984) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Thesauri und Dokumentationslexika können als Varianten von onomasiologischen Wörterbüchern aufgefaßt werden, deren besonderes Interesse für die Linguistik darin besteht, daß Äquivalenz-, Hierarchie- und Assoziationsrelationen angegegeben werden. Regelwerke und Beiträge werden besprochen, die sich mit der Ausweisung von "verwandten" Begriffen in der bibliothekarischen und dokumentarischen Praxis befassen. Belege zu Musterbeispielen von "siehe auch"- und "related term"-Verweisungen werden anhand von drei deutschsprachigen Schlagwortregistern aufgelistet. Die Assoziationsrelationen werden in paradigmatische und syntagmatische Beziehungen eingeteilt. Auch Gruppierungen nach Begriffsfeldern und Assoziationsfeldern sind möglich. Untersuchungen von Assoziationsrelationen im Sachbereich "Buchwesen" bestätigen die Vermutung, daß die Mehrzahl der Verweisungen das gemeinsame Vorkommen bestimmter Begriffe in typischen Kontexten der außersprachlichen Wirklichkeit betrifft.
  2. Körner, H.G.: Syntax und Gewichtung in Informationssprachen : Ein Fortschrittsbericht über präzisere Indexierung und Computer-Suche (1985) 0.02 
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  3. Krömmelbein, U.: linguistische und fachwissenschaftliche Gesichtspunkte. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Regeln für die Schlagwortvergabe der Deutschen Bibliothek, RSWK, Voll-PRECIS und Kurz-PRECIS : Schlagwort-Syntax (1983) 0.02 
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    Footnote
    Examensarbeit Höherer Dienst an der FHBD in Köln. - Auch veröffentlicht in: Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis 8(1984) S.159-203
  4. Krömmelbein, U.: Linguistische und fachwissenschaftliche Gesichtspunkte der Schlagwortsyntax : Eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Regeln für die Schlagwortvergabe der Deutschen Bibliothek, der RSWK und der Indexierungsverfahren Voll-PRECIS und Kurz-PRECIS (1984) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Die deutsche Bibliothek in Frankfurt bietet seit einigen Jahren zentrale Dienste im Bereich der verbalen Sacherschließung an, Um deren Akzeptanz zu verbessern, will die Deutsche Bibliothek ab 1986 von der augenblicklichen gleichordnenden Indexierung zu einem syntaktischen Verfahren übergehen. Als Alternativen standen die RSWK und eine verkürzte Version des britischen Indexierungsverfahrens PRECIS zur Diskussion. Die Anforderungen einer Fachwissenschaft an die Schlagwort-Syntax einer adäquaten Dokumentationssprache werden exemplarisch entwickelt, die vier Alternativen - augenblickliche verbale Sacherschließunf der DB, RSWK, PRECIS (britische Version) und Kurz-PRECIS (DB-Version) - an ihnen gemessen. Die Kriterien basiern auf Grammatiktheorien der modernen Linguistik und gehen von einer Analogie zwischen Dokumentationssprachen und natürlicher Sprache aus.
    Source
    Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 8(1984), S.159-202
  5. Fugmann, R.: ¬Die Funktion von semantischen Kategorien in Indexierungssprachen und bei der Indexierung (1986) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Wenn man unter "Indexierung" den zweistufigen Prozeß (a) des Erkennens der Essenz eines wiederauffindbar zu machenden Textes und (b) des Wiedergebens dieser Essenz in einer ausreichend wiedergabetreuen und genügend gut voraussagbaren Form versteht, dann kann die Qualität der Indexierung gesteigert werden, wenn sie unter besonderer Beachtung der Begriffe aus einer kleinen Zahl von besonders wichtigen semantischen Kategorien erfolgt. Bei der Gestaltung der Indexierungssprache müssen die Begriffe aus diesen Kategorien in der erforderlichen Detailliertheit in den Wortschatz aufgenommen werden, und Präkombinationen, die zu "multikategorialen" Begroffen führen, sind möglichst weitgehend zu vermeiden. Präkombinationen, die ausschließlich durch Einbeziehung von häufig vorkommenden ("ubiquitätren") monokategorialen Begriffen gebildet werden, können und sollen aus pragmatischen Gründen für den Wortschatz zugelassen werden. Das Konzept des "Relationenweges" erklärt, inwiefern solche Präkombinationen für den Wortschatz nicht schädlich sind
    Source
    Die Klassifikation und ihr Umfeld: Proc. 10. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Münster, 18.-21.6.1986. Hrsg.: P.O. Degens
  6. Mooers, C.N.: ¬The indexing language of an information retrieval system (1985) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Calvin Mooers' work toward the resolution of the problem of ambiguity in indexing went unrecognized for years. At the time he introduced the "descriptor" - a term with a very distinct meaning-indexers were, for the most part, taking index terms directly from the document, without either rationalizing them with context or normalizing them with some kind of classification. It is ironic that Mooers' term came to be attached to the popular but unsophisticated indexing methods which he was trying to root out. Simply expressed, what Mooers did was to take the dictionary definitions of terms and redefine them so clearly that they could not be used in any context except that provided by the new definition. He did, at great pains, construct such meanings for over four hundred words; disambiguation and specificity were sought after and found for these words. He proposed that all indexers adopt this method so that when the index supplied a term, it also supplied the exact meaning for that term as used in the indexed document. The same term used differently in another document would be defined differently and possibly renamed to avoid ambiguity. The disambiguation was achieved by using unabridged dictionaries and other sources of defining terminology. In practice, this tends to produce circularity in definition, that is, word A refers to word B which refers to word C which refers to word A. It was necessary, therefore, to break this chain by creating a new, definitive meaning for each word. Eventually, means such as those used by Austin (q.v.) for PRECIS achieved the same purpose, but by much more complex means than just creating a unique definition of each term. Mooers, however, was probably the first to realize how confusing undefined terminology could be. Early automatic indexers dealt with distinct disciplines and, as long as they did not stray beyond disciplinary boundaries, a quick and dirty keyword approach was satisfactory. The trouble came when attempts were made to make a combined index for two or more distinct disciplines. A number of processes have since been developed, mostly involving tagging of some kind or use of strings. Mooers' solution has rarely been considered seriously and probably would be extremely difficult to apply now because of so much interdisciplinarity. But for a specific, weIl defined field, it is still weIl worth considering. Mooers received training in mathematics and physics from the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the founder of Zator Company, which developed and marketed a coded card information retrieval system, and of Rockford Research, Inc., which engages in research in information science. He is the inventor of the TRAC computer language.
    Footnote
    Original in: Information retrieval today: papers presented at an Institute conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962. Ed. by Wesley Simonton. Minneapolis, Minn.: The Center, 1963. S.21-36.
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  7. Fugmann, R.: ¬The analytico-synthetic foundation for large indexing & information retrieval systems : dedicated to Prof. Dr. Werner Schultheis, the vigorous initiator of modern chem. documentation in Germany on the occasion of his 85th birthday (1983) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: International classification 12(1985) S.106 (L. Kalok)
    RSWK
    Information und Dokumentation / Systemgrundlage (BVB)
    Subject
    Information und Dokumentation / Systemgrundlage (BVB)
  8. Fugmann, R.: Theoretische Grundlagen der Indexierungspraxis (1985) 0.01 
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    Content
    Enthält in gut verständlicher Form u.a. eine Darstellung der Konzepte 'Vorhersagbarkeit' und 'Wiedergabetreue' von Elementen einer Indexierungssprache
    Source
    Anwendungen in der Klassifikation. I. Proc. 8. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Hofgeismar, 10.-13.4.1984. Hrsg.: R.G. Henzler
  9. Krömmelbein, U.: Natürliche Sprache und Strukturprinzipien von Dokumentationssprachen : eine vergleichende Analyse (1981) 0.01 
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  10. Dietze, J.: ¬Die semantische Struktur der Thesauruslexik (1988) 0.01 
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    Source
    Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe. 37(1988) H.6, S.120-123
  11. Kuhlen, R.: Linguistische Grundlagen (1980) 0.01 
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    Source
    Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation: eine Einführung. 2. Aufl
  12. DIN 31623: Indexierung zur inhaltlichen Erschließung von Dokumenten : T.1: Begriffe, Grundlagen; T.2: Gleichordnende Indexierung mit Deskriptoren; T.3: Syntaktische Indexierung mit Deskriptoren (1988) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Jansen, R.: Intentionen der Indexierungsnorm 31623 und Überlegungen zum Verhältnis gleichordnende/syntaktische Indexierung
  13. Fugmann, R.: ¬Der Mangel an Grammatik bei Indexsprachen und seine Folgen (1987) 0.00 
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  14. Winograd, T.: Software für Sprachverarbeitung (1984) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Der Computer kann mit sprachlichen Zeichen sicher und schnell umgehen. Dies zeigen Programme zur Textverarbeitung. Versuche allerdings, ihn auch mit Bedeutungen operieren zu lassen, sind gescheitert. Wird der Rechner das größte Problem der Sprachverarbeitung - die Mehrdeutigkeit natürlicher Sprachen - jemals bewältigen?
  15. Free text in information systems: capabilities and limitations (1985) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Diese Empfehlungen liegen auch in deutscher Übersetzung vor (abgedruckt ebenfalls in International classification), leider ist die Übersetzung nicht in allen Aussagen recht gelungen, so daß das Original vorzuziehen ist
  16. Rolling, L.: ¬The role of graphic display of concept relationships in indexing and retrieval vocabularies (1985) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The use of diagrams to express relationships in classification is not new. Many classificationists have used this approach, but usually in a minor display to make a point or for part of a difficult relational situation. Ranganathan, for example, used diagrams for some of his more elusive concepts. The thesaurus in particular and subject headings in general, with direct and indirect crossreferences or equivalents, need many more diagrams than normally are included to make relationships and even semantics clear. A picture very often is worth a thousand words. Rolling has used directed graphs (arrowgraphs) to join terms as a practical method for rendering relationships between indexing terms lucid. He has succeeded very weIl in this endeavor. Four diagrams in this selection are all that one needs to explain how to employ the system; from initial listing to completed arrowgraph. The samples of his work include illustration of off-page connectors between arrowgraphs. The great advantage to using diagrams like this is that they present relations between individual terms in a format that is easy to comprehend. But of even greater value is the fact that one can use his arrowgraphs as schematics for making three-dimensional wire-and-ball models, in which the relationships may be seen even more clearly. In fact, errors or gaps in relations are much easier to find with this methodology. One also can get across the notion of the threedimensionality of classification systems with such models. Pettee's "hand reaching up and over" (q.v.) is not a figment of the imagination. While the actual hand is a wire or stick, the concept visualized is helpful in illuminating the three-dimensional figure that is latent in all systems that have cross-references or "broader," "narrower," or, especially, "related" terms. Classification schedules, being hemmed in by the dimensions of the printed page, also benefit from such physical illustrations. Rolling, an engineer by conviction, was the developer of information systems for the Cobalt Institute, the European Atomic Energy Community, and European Coal and Steel Community. He also developed and promoted computer-aided translation at the Commission of the European Communities in Luxembourg. One of his objectives has always been to increase the efficiency of mono- and multilingual thesauri for use in multinational information systems.
    Footnote
    Original in: Classification research: Proceedings of the Second International Study Conference held at Hotel Prins Hamlet, Elsinore, Denmark, 14th-18th Sept. 1964. Ed.: Pauline Atherton. Copenhagen: Munksgaard 1965. S.295-310.
  17. Dietze, J.: Informationsrecherchesprache und deren Lexik : Bemerkungen zur Terminologiediskussion (1980) 0.00 
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  18. Coates, E.J.: Significance and term relationship in compound headings (1985) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In the continuing search for criteria for determining the form of compound headings (i.e., headings containing more than one word), many authors have attempted to deal with the problem of entry element and citation order. Among the proposed criteria are Cutter's concept of "significance," Kaiser's formula of "concrete/process," Prevost's "noun rule," and Farradane's categories of relationships*' (q.v.). One of the problems in applying the criteria has been the difficulty in determining what is "significant," particularly when two or more words in the heading all refer to concrete objects. In the following excerpt from Subject Catalogues: Headings and Structure, a widely cited book an the alphabetical subject catalog, E. J. Coates proposes the concept of "term significance," that is, "the word which evokes the clearest mental image," as the criterion for determining the entry element in a compound heading. Since a concrete object generally evokes a clearer mental image than an action or process, Coates' theory is in line with Kaiser's theory of "concrete/process" (q.v.) which Coates renamed "thing/action." For determining the citation order of component elements in a compound heading where the elements are equally "significant" (i.e., both or all evoking clear mental images), Coates proposes the use of "term relationship" as the determining factor. He has identified twenty different kinds of relationships among terms and set down the citation order for each. Another frequently encountered problem related to citation order is the determination of the entry element for a compound heading which contains a topic and a locality. Entering such headings uniformly under either the topic or the locality has proven to be infeasible in practice. Many headings of this type have the topic as the main heading, subdivided by the locality; others are entered under the locality as the main heading with the topic as the subdivision. No criteria or rules have been proposed that ensure consistency or predictability. In the following selection, Coates attempts to deal with this problem by ranking the "main areas of knowledge according to the extent to which they appear to be significantly conditioned by locality." The theory Coates expounded in his book was put into practice in compiling the British Technology Index for which Coates served as the editor from 1961 to 1977.
    Footnote
    Original in: Subject catalogues. London: Library Association 1960. S.50-64.
  19. Foskett, D.J.: Classification and integrative levels (1985) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Very interesting experimental work was done by Douglas Foskett and other British classificationists during the fifteen-year period following the end of World War II. The research was effective in demonstrating that it was possible to make very sophisticated classification systems for virtually any subject-systems suitable for experts and for the general user needing a detailed subject classification. The success of these special systems led to consideration of the possibility of putting them together to form a new general classification system. To do such a thing would require a general, overall framework of some kind, since systems limited to a special subject are easier to construct because one does not have to worry about including all of the pertinent facets needed for a general system. Individual subject classifications do not automatically coalesce into a general pattern. For example, what is central to one special classification might be fringe in another or in several others. Fringe terminologies may not coincide in terms of logical relationships. Homographs and homonyms may not rear their ugly heads until attempts at merger are made. Foskett points out that even identifying a thing in terms of a noun or verb involves different assumptions in approach. For these and other reasons, it made sense to look for existing work in fields where the necessary framework already existed. Foskett found the rudiments of such a system in a number of writings, culminating in a logical system called "integrative levels" suggested by James K. Feibleman (q.v.). This system consists of a set of advancing conceptual levels relating to the apparent organization of nature. These levels are irreversible in that if one once reached a certain level there was no going back. Foskett points out that with higher levels and greater complexity in structure the analysis needed to establish valid levels becomes much more difficult, especially as Feibleman stipulates that a higher level must not be reducible to a lower one. (That is, one cannot put Humpty Dumpty together again.) Foskett is optimistic to the extent of suggesting that references from level to level be made upwards, with inductive reasoning, a system used by Derek Austin (q.v.) for making reference structures in PRECIS. Though the method of integrative levels so far has not been used successfully with the byproducts of human social behavior and thought, so much has been learned about these areas during the past twenty years that Foskett may yet be correct in his optimism. Foskett's name has Jong been associated with classification in the social sciences. As with many of the British classificationists included in this book, he has been a member of the Classification Research Group for about forty years. Like the others, he continues to contribute to the field.
    Footnote
    Original in: The Sayers memorial volume: essays in librarianship im memory of William Charles Berwick Sayers. London: The Library Association 1961. S.136-150.
  20. Svenonius, E.: Unanswered questions in the design of controlled vocabularies (1986) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The issue of free-text versus controlled vocabulary is examined in this article. The history of the issue, which is seen as beginning with the debate over title term indexing in the last century, is reviewed and the attention is turned to questions which have not been satisfactorily addressed by previous research. The point is made that these questions need to be answered if we are to design retrieval tools, such as thesauri, upon a national basis

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  • e 10

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