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Abstract

In seinem Klassiker erläutert der international führende Mathematiker und Physiker, Sir Roger Penrose, seine These, dass die geistigen Fähigkeiten des menschlichen Gehirns nicht durch Berechnungen von Elektronengehirnen erreicht werden können - und provozierte eine neue KI-Debatte. . . . des Kaisers neue Kleider - steht auf dem Buchumschlag. Der renommierte englische Physiker Penrose will damit sichtbar machen, daß die Vertreter der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) nackt dastehen. Mit einem 400 Seiten langen Exkurs versucht er, ihre Behauptung zu widerlegen, daß Maschinen ebenso intelligent sein können wie Menschen. bild der wissenschaft Roger Penrose ( . . . ) gelang das Kunststück, mit dem formelgespickten Wälzer "The Emperors's New Mind" (auf deutsch jetzt unter dem geistlosen Titel "Computerdenken" erschienen) auf den US-Bestsellerlisten zu landen, ungeachtet aller Quanten-Ket-Vektoren und Einsteinscher Krüümungstensoren, mit denen der Autor seine Leser plagt. DER SPIEGEL Das erklärte Ziel dieses Buches ist, den Standpunkt einiger KI-Enthusiasten zu widerlegen, daß Computer irgendwann all das können, was menschliche Gehirne können - und sogar mehr. Aber der Leser merkt bald, dass Pnerose vor allem das Ziel verfolgt, einen Wegzur großen Synthese von klassischer Physik, Quantenphysik und Neurowissenschaften aufzuzeigen. John Horgan in Scientific American Wer "Computerdenken" liest (oder durcharbeitet), sollte nicht auf Antwort hoffen, darf aber neue Sichtwiesen und überraschende Interpretationen erwarten. Ein nahrhaftes Geschenk für naturwissenschaftlich Interessierte. Die Zeit Trotz des mathematichen Themas wurde The Emperor's New Mind prompt ein Bestseller und sein Autor zum bestgehaßten Mann der KI-Szene ( . . . ).

BK

54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft

Classification

54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft

Issue

Mit einem Vorwort von Martin Gardner und einem Vorwort zur deutschen Ausgabe von Dieter Wandschneider; aus dem Englischen übersetzt von Michael Springer.

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Abstract

"Das Anliegen dieses Buches ist es, eine einführende Darstellung der Forschung in Künstlicher Intelligenz zu geben. Außerdem soll gezeigt werden, welche Rückwirkungen die Grundannahme der KI, unser Geist gleiche im wesentlichen einem Computer, auf unser Denken hat: Der ursprüngliche Bedeutungsgehalt von Begriffen wie Denken, Wissen und Verstehen werde fälschlich eingeschränkt, und die so entstehende reduktionistische Sichtweise beeinflusse deshalb das Selbstbild des Menschen sowie das soziale Miteinander auf bedenkliche Weise"

Classification

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1993, H.4, S.121- 122 (I. Diener)

RVK

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

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Abstract

Computer haben merkwürdige Eigenschaften. Sie erledigen eine Menge komplexer Aufgaben schneller, geauer und zuverlässiger als der Mensch. Mit relativ simplen Fähigkeiten, die wir intuitiv einsetzen, haben sie jedoch zu kämpfen. Und bei Verstehen, Intelligenz und Bewußtsein versagen sie völlig. Der menschliche Geist läßt sich prinzipiell rechnerisch nicht angemessen simulieren, behauptet der Autor. Dennoch sind es physikalische Prozesse im Gehirn, die das Bewußtsein ausmachen. Er fordert in der Fortsetzung der Diskussion um 'Computerdenken' eine neue, eine nicht-rechnerische 'Physik des Bewußtseins' für die Beschreibung des Geistes, die eine Art Verallgemeinerung der Quantenmechanik sein könnte. Er entwirft schließlich ein eigenens Modell für das Gehirn, in dem die heute bekannten Vorgänge nur die Schatten eines tieferen Phänomens, des Geistes sind

Footnote

Originaltitel: Shadows of the mind. Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1996, H.8, S.118-119 (I. Diener)

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Abstract

The aim of this book is to highlight the relationship between knowledge representation and language in artificial intelligence, and in particular on the way in which the choice of representation influences the language used to discuss a problem - and vice versa. Opening with a discussion of knowledge representation methods, and following this with a look at reasoning methods, the author begins to make his case for the intimate relationship between language and representation. He shows how each representation method fits particularly well with some reasoning methods and less so with others, using specific languages as examples. The question of representation change, an important and complex issue about which very little is known, is addressed. Dr Hodgson gathers together recent work on problem solving, showing how, in some cases, it has been possible to use representation changes to recast problems into a language that makes them easier to solve. The author maintains throughout that the relationships that this book explores lie at the heart of the construction of large systems, examining a number of the current large AI systems from the viewpoint of representation and language to prove his point.

Classification

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

RVK

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

Series

Ellis Horwood series in artificial intelligence

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Footnote

Rez. in: New review of applied expert systems 2(1996) S.185-189 (J. Morris)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Program 28(1994) no.2, S.211-212 (M. Malinconicao)

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Abstract

Knowledge and Inference discusses an important problem for software systems: How do we treat knowledge and ideas on a computer and how do we use inference to solve problems on a computer? The book talks about the problems of knowledge and inference for the purpose of merging artificial intelligence and library science. The book begins by clarifying the concept of ""knowledge"" from many points of view, followed by a chapter on the current state of library science and the place of artificial intelligence in library science. Subsequent chapters cover central topics in the artificial intelligence: search and problem solving, methods of making proofs, and the use of knowledge in looking for a proof. There is also a discussion of how to use the knowledge system. The final chapter describes a popular expert system. It describes tools for building expert systems using an example based on Expert Systems-A Practical Introduction by P. Sell (Macmillian, 1985). This type of software is called an ""expert system shell."" This book was written as a textbook for undergraduate students covering only the basics but explaining as much detail as possible.

Theme

Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIS 47(1996) no.5, S.403-404 (C. Cole)