Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

"Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.

BK

54.04 Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen Informatik

Classification

54.04 Ausbildung, Beruf, Organisationen Informatik

Content

Provocations -- What are data? -- Data scholarship -- Data diversity -- Data scholarship in the sciences -- Data scholarship in the social sciences -- Data scholarship in the humanities -- Sharing, releasing, and reusing data -- Credit, attribution, and discovery of data -- What to keep and why to keep them.

Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 67(2016) no.3, S.751-753 (C. Tenopir).

LCSH

Communication in learning and scholarship / Technological innovations

Subject

Communication in learning and scholarship / Technological innovations

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Abstract

Mittlerweile sind mehr als zehn Jahre seit der Gründung der Wikipedia vergangen. Die kollaborativ zusammengestellte Online-Enzyklopädie blickt auf eine beispiellose Erfolgsgeschichte zurück und hat inzwischen sogar viele klassische Lexika das Fürchten gelehrt. Aber: Es gibt gar nicht die eine Wikipedia! Stattdessen handelt es sich bei dem Projekt um hunderte verschiedene, weitgehend voneinander unabhängig agierende Sprachversionen. Sie sind nicht nur unterschiedlich groß, sondern bestehen auch aus differierenden Inhalten. Artikel zu ein und demselben Stichwort können von Wikipedia zu Wikipedia erheblich voneinander abweichen. Von der Gemeinschaft bereits erarbeitetes Wissen steht daher nicht allen Nutzern in der Welt gleichermaßen zur Verfügung. Mit einem forcierten interlingualen Wissensaustausch ließe es sich aber für eine gegenseitige Bereicherung der Wikipedias nutzen. Das Buch gibt zunächst einen allgemeinen Überblick zur Wikipedia, geht auf ihre Entstehung, ihre Funktionsweise und auf die beteiligten Akteure ein. Auch das "Erfolgsgeheimnis" des Nachschlagewerks sowie aktuelle Herausforderungen werden herausgearbeitet. Die anschließende Untersuchung zeigt, wie sehr verschieden große Wikipedias voneinander differieren und wo die Unterschiede im Einzelnen liegen. Danach folgt eine Vorstellung von Ansätzen, Werkzeugen und Schwierigkeiten des interlingualen Wissensaustauschs zwischen den Sprachversionen. Der letzte Teil entwirft schließlich ein detailliertes Konzept für einen neuartigen Wissensaustausch, das aus mehreren ineinandergreifenden Komponenten rund um den Kern einer speziellen Übersetzungsoberfläche besteht. Das Konzept lässt sich auch als Blaupause für Lokalisierungsbemühungen multisprachlicher Wikis nutzen, wie sie international operierende Unternehmungen zunehmend einsetzen. Die Ausarbeitung, auf der dieses Buch basiert, wurde mit dem FHP-Preis 2011 für die beste Abschlussarbeit im Studiengang "Information und Dokumentation" der FH Potsdam ausgezeichnet.

BK

54.08 (Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft)
05.20 (Kommunikation und Gesellschaft)

Classification

54.08 (Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft)
05.20 (Kommunikation und Gesellschaft)

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 64(2013) no.5, S.1081-1083 (E. Aversa)

RSWK

Bibliothekswissenschaft / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Einführung

Subject

Bibliothekswissenschaft / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Einführung

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Abstract

This book contributes to discussions within Information Retrieval and Science (IR&S) by improving our conceptual understanding of the relationship between humans and technology. A call to redirect the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) toward the phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. In this book, Sachi Arafat and Elham Ashoori issue a call to reorient the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) away from search and related processes toward the more general phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. Technology-mediated experience accounts for an increasing proportion of human lived experience; the phenomenon of mediation gets at the heart of the human-machine relationship. Framing IR&S more broadly in this way generalizes its problems and perspectives, dovetailing them with those shared across disciplines dealing with socio-technical phenomena. This reorientation of IR&S requires imagining it as a new kind of science: a science of technology-mediated experience (STME). Arafat and Ashoori not only offer detailed analysis of the foundational concepts underlying IR&S and other technical disciplines but also boldly call for a radical, systematic appropriation of the sciences and humanities to create a better understanding of the human-technology relationship. Arafat and Ashoori discuss the notion of progress in IR&S and consider ideas of progress from the history and philosophy of science. They argue that progress in IR&S requires explicit linking between technical and nontechnical aspects of discourse. They develop a network of basic questions and present a discursive framework for addressing these questions. With this book, Arafat and Ashoori provide both a manifesto for the reimagining of their field and the foundations on which a reframed IR&S would rest.

Classification

AN 96000: Allgemeines / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft

Content

The embedding of the foundational in the adhoc -- Notions of progress in information retrieval -- From growth to progress I : methodology for understanding progress -- From growth to progress II : the network of discourse -- Basic questions characterising foundations discourse -- Enduring nature of foundations -- Foundations as the way to the authoritative against the authoritarian : a conclusion

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 72(2021) no.3, S.377-383. (Marcia J. Bates)

RSWK

Informationsverhalten / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft

RVK

AN 96000: Allgemeines / Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft

Subject

Informationsverhalten / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft

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Abstract

"Thomson Reuters' citation indexes i.e. SCI, SSCI and AHCI are said to be "authoritative". Due to the huge influence of these databases on global academic evaluation of productivity and impact, Terje Tüür-Fröhlich decided to conduct case studies on the data quality of Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) records. Tüür-Fröhlich investigated articles from social science and law. The main findings: SSCI records contain tremendous amounts of "trivial errors", not only misspellings and typos as previously mentioned in bibliometrics and scientometrics literature. But Tüür-Fröhlich's research documented fatal errors which have not been mentioned in the scientometrics literature yet at all. Tüür-Fröhlich found more than 80 fatal mutations and mutilations of Pierre Bourdieu (e.g. "Atkinson" or "Pierre, B. and "Pierri, B."). SSCI even generated zombie references (phantom authors and works) by data fields' confusion - a deadly sin for a database producer - as fragments of Patent Laws were indexed as fictional author surnames/initials. Additionally, horrific OCR-errors (e.g. "nuxure" instead of "Nature" as journal title) were identified. Tüür-Fröhlich´s extensive quantitative case study of an article of the Harvard Law Review resulted in a devastating finding: only 1% of all correct references from the original article were indexed by SSCI without any mistake or error. Many scientific communication experts and database providers' believe that errors in databanks are of less importance: There are many errors, yes - but they would counterbalance each other, errors would not result in citation losses and would not bear any effect on retrieval and evaluation outcomes. Terje Tüür-Fröhlich claims the contrary: errors and inconsistencies are not evenly distributed but linked with languages biases and publication cultures."

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Abstract

The information age is empowered by being connected and knowing the best options for the job. "Introduction to Information Science and Technology" discusses how to maximize the use of such technology in today's importance of connecting information to all those involved. Chapters grant a comprehensive overview of information technology, who needs the information, organization, use of the internet, and theories for more effective use in our future. "Introduction to Information Science and Technology" is a fine delve into the fast combining concepts of information and technology, and how to apply it to one's own endeavors, a core addition for community and college library technology collections.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 63(2012) no.8, S.1673-1674 (I. Fourie); Mitt VÖB 65(2012) H.3/4, S.567-571 (O. Oberhauser)

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Abstract

An argument that information exists at different levels of analysis-syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic-and an exploration of the implications. Although this is the Information Age, there is no universal agreement about what information really is. Different disciplines view information differently; engineers, computer scientists, economists, linguists, and philosophers all take varying and apparently disconnected approaches. In this book, Antonio Badia distinguishes four levels of analysis brought to bear on information: syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and network-based. Badia explains each of these theoretical approaches in turn, discussing, among other topics, theories of Claude Shannon and Andrey Kolomogorov, Fred Dretske's description of information flow, and ideas on receiver impact and informational interactions. Badia argues that all these theories describe the same phenomena from different perspectives, each one narrower than the previous one. The syntactic approach is the more general one, but it fails to specify when information is meaningful to an agent, which is the focus of the semantic and pragmatic approaches. The network-based approach, meanwhile, provides a framework to understand information use among agents. Badia then explores the consequences of understanding information as existing at several levels. Humans live at the semantic and pragmatic level (and at the network level as a society), computers at the syntactic level. This sheds light on some recent issues, including "fake news" (computers cannot tell whether a statement is true or not, because truth is a semantic notion) and "algorithmic bias" (a pragmatic, not syntactic concern). Humans, not computers, the book argues, have the ability to solve these issues.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 72(2021) no.3, S.357-361. (Marc Kosciejew)

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Content

Introduction (Counterpoise interview with Kristin Hoyer, 2005) -- Why catalog? (u*l 116, 2000) -- Must "the poor" always be among us? (u*l 117, 2000) -- The top censored library stories of 1998-2000 (u*l 118, 2001) -- Updates and additions (u*l 119, 2001) -- Updates and additions (u*l 120, 2001) -- No more shushing : library staff and users speak (part 1) (u*l 121, 2001) -- Harry Potter imperiled, keyword searching as panacea, Robin Hood's noble liege, and other foolishness (u*l 124, 2002) -- "Not in my library!" (u*l 125, 2002) -- Updates and additions (u*l 127, 2003) -- Cuba libre! (u*l 128, 2003) -- No more shushing : library staff and users speak (part 2), more on Cuba (u*l 129, 2003) -- King County responds, "Banned books week" deconstructed, cataloging blues at LAPL, Loompanics' Mike Hoy on censorship, deep-sixed Afghan atrocity film, Cuba again (u*l 130, 2004) -- Access denied (u*l 133, 2004) -- Squelched letters, more access denied (u*l 134, 2005) -- Fighting the USA Patriot Act, updates and additions (u*l 135, 2005) -- UCLA cross-refs, AACR3, library openness (u*l 136, 2005) -- Cataloging zines and widgets (u*l 137, 2005) -- Questions (u*l 138, 2006) -- "Genocide" or merely "massacres"? : the politics of subject cataloging (u*l 139, 2006) -- Darfur revisited, GLBT access denied (u*l 140, 2006) -- Subject cataloging (part 1) (u*l 143, 2007) -- Subject cataloging (part 2) (u*l 142, 2007) -- Subject cataloging (postscript), self-censorship (u*l 143, 2007) -- Obsessions (u*l 144, 2007) -- Huh?, fines and fees, self-censorship (continued) (u*l 145, 2007) -- "Controversial" cataloging (u*l 146, 2008) -- Flawed indexing, erotica selection, subject heading currency, undercataloging (u*l 147, 2008) -- Darfur redux, LC cataloging rescue, subject heading currency (u*l 148, 2008) -- Book, many missed opportunities, or why cataloging matters (when it's done right) (u*l 149, 2008) -- Cats, cataloging, fines, and BBW (Banned books week) (u*l 150, 2009) -- More classism in the stacks (u*l 151, 2009) -- Cataloging stink, truth in materials selection, CEO pay (u*l 152, 2009) -- Liberated foreword, unrequited LC letters (u*l 153, 2009) -- Nation gets it wrong, more unrequited LC letters, LCSH currency (u*l 154, 2010) -- More (attempted) LCSH input, geopolitics versus historical truth (u*l 155, 2010) -- LCSH currency (continued), libraries and politics, retiring the r-word, Celeste West tribute (u*l 156, 2010) -- The kids are not all right (u*l 157, 2010) -- Remembrance of things past, interview excerpts (u*l 158, 2011) -- More interview excerpts, atheist deficit, what Rosa said (u*l 159, 2011) -- No to government secrecy and repression! (u*l 160, 2011) -- Word peeves, "content-enriched metadata," no "sexting" allowed (u*l 161, 2011) -- Really banned books, another word peeve, Clint's fantasy, OWS library trashed, PFC Manning's gift (u*l 162, 2012) -- Post office crisis, LC letters (u*l 163, 2012) -- Another real banning, the trashing of both Hypatia and her library, not-so-funny cataloging (u*l 164, 2012) -- Laureates support PFC Manning, self-censorship affirmed, J'accuse LC of untimeliness and sloth, let's hear it for Robin Hood! (u*l 166, 2013).

Footnote

Rez. in: BuB 66(2014) H.10, S.722 (O. Dienelt) u.d.T.: Über einen unbequemen Kolumnisten: ein anderer Blickwinkel