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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"

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Abstract

How sharing the mundane details of daily life did not start with Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube but with pocket diaries, photo albums, and baby books. Social critiques argue that social media have made us narcissistic, that Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are all vehicles for me-promotion. In The Qualified Self, Lee Humphreys offers a different view. She shows that sharing the mundane details of our lives?what we ate for lunch, where we went on vacation, who dropped in for a visit?didn't begin with mobile devices and social media. People have used media to catalog and share their lives for several centuries. Pocket diaries, photo albums, and baby books are the predigital precursors of today's digital and mobile platforms for posting text and images. The ability to take selfies has not turned us into needy narcissists; it's part of a longer story about how people account for everyday life. Humphreys refers to diaries in which eighteenth-century daily life is documented with the brevity and precision of a tweet, and cites a nineteenth-century travel diary in which a young woman complains that her breakfast didn't agree with her. Diaries, Humphreys explains, were often written to be shared with family and friends. Pocket diaries were as mobile as smartphones, allowing the diarist to record life in real time. Humphreys calls this chronicling, in both digital and nondigital forms, media accounting. The sense of self that emerges from media accounting is not the purely statistics-driven ?quantified self,? but the more well-rounded qualified self. We come to understand ourselves in a new way through the representations of ourselves that we create to be consumed.

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Abstract

Seb Franklin shows how the promises of boundless connection, flexibility, and prosperity that are often associated with digital technologies are grounded in racialized histories of dispossession and exploitation.

Content

Seb Franklin sets out a media theory of racial capitalism to examine digitality's racial-capitalist foundations. The Digitally Disposed shows how the promises of boundless connection, flexibility, and prosperity that are often associated with digital technologies are grounded in racialized histories of dispossession and exploitation. Reading archival and published material from the cybernetic sciences alongside nineteenth-century accounts of intellectual labor, twentieth-century sociometric experiments, and a range of literary and visual works, The Digitally Disposed locates the deep history of digitality in the development of racial capitalism. Franklin makes the groundbreaking argument that capital's apparently spontaneous synthesis of so-called free individuals into productive circuits represents an 'informatics of value'.On the one hand, understanding value as an informatic relation helps to explain why capital was able to graft so seamlessly with digitality at a moment in which it required more granular and distributed control over labor, the moment that is often glossed as the age of logistics. On the other hand, because the informatics of value sort populations into positions of higher and lower capacity, value, and status, understanding their relationship to digitality requires that we see the digital as racialized and gendered in pervasive ways. Ultimately, The Digitally Disposed questions the universalizing assumptions that are maintained, remade, and intensified by today's dominant digital technologies. Vital and far-reaching, The Digitally Disposed reshapes such fundamental concepts as cybernetics, informatics, and digitality.

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Date

12. 2.2022 17:28:22

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Abstract

The debate on Facebook raises questions about the use and users of this information service. This collected volume gathers a broad spectrum of social science and information science articles about Facebook.Facebook has many facets, and we just look forward above all to the use and users. The facet of users has sub-facets, such as different age, sex, and culture. The facet of use consists of sub-facets of privacy behavior after the Snowden affair, dealing with friends, unfriending and becoming unfriended on Facebook, and possible Facebook addiction. We also consider Facebook as a source for local temporary history and respond to acceptance and quality perceptions of this social network service, as well. This book brings together all the contributions of research facets on Facebook. It is a much needed compilation written by leading scholars in the fields of investigation of the impact of Web 2.0. The target groups are social media researchers, information scientists and social scientists, and also all those who take to Facebook topics.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft & Praxis 56(2005) H.3, S.205 (E. Simon): "Wenn eine ältere Dame, so ab 50 aufwärts einen der großen Mediamärkte in Berlin wie z.B. Mediamarkt oder Saturn mit einem bestimmten Wunsch aufsucht, dessen Formulierung aber nicht auf profundem informationstechnologischem Wissen beruht, dann fällt sie entweder in ein schwarzes Loch oder sie hat den großen Wunsch, falls sie etwas furchtsam ist, dass sich ein großes schwarzes Loch auftut, in dem sie verschwinden kann. In den meisten Fällen wird sie ohne das gewünschte Produkt mit dem leichten Gefühl der Verzweiflung diese informationstechnologischen Kundentempel verlassen. Diese schwarzen Löcher hat der Autor mit seiner Titelwahl nicht gemeint, obwohl "im Sog der Informations- und Wissensindustrie" schon die Hilflosigkeit diese Gefühls trifft, sondern es geht ihm um die Kreation eines Schemas für die Verortung von Informationswissenschaft und Informationswirtschaft. Ratzek stellt fest, dass Informationsarbeit zu einem Ouasi-Monopol von Programmierern, Netzwerkingenieuren und - möchten wir hinzufügen - von unwissenden arroganten Verkäufern und Beratern mutiert, wobei die Leistungen der Informationsfachleute wie Bibliothekaren und der sogenannten Information Professionals zu einer Nebensächlichkeit verkommen. Die Arbeit der Informationsfachleute versteckt sich hinter dem, was der Verfasser "Informatikmimikry" nennt mit den Folgen Entmündigung - das können andere viel besser - und letztendlich Verlust des Image. Diesem können die BID-Professionen nur durch Kampagnen für die Public Awareness begegnen, wie sie in dem vom Autor herausgegebenen Buch Spielball Bibliotheken (Berlin 2004) dargestellt wurden. Außerordentlich erschwerend für die Entwicklung des Faches ist aber, dass alles, "Daten, Information und Wissen in einen Topf geworden wird" und dieser Eintopf dann als "Information" oder, weil es gerade angesagt ist, als "Wissen" serviert wird. Daher lässt Ratzek sich nicht darauf ein, den Gegensatz oder die Kongruenz zwischen Information und Wissen näher zu definieren, wie es z.B. in der angelsächsischen Literatur vorherrschend war und immer noch ist, wenn auch damit eine mehr auf case work oder Managementaufgaben im angelsächsischen Sinne gerichtete Blickrichtung gemeint ist, wie es z.B. in dem ausgezeichnet einsetzbaren Buch von Angela Abell und Nigel Oxbrow: Competing with Knowledge, The Information professional in the Knowledge Management Age. (tfpl/LA 1999) deutlich wird. Der Ansatz von Ratzek ist wissenschaftlich und dabei transdisziplinär. Er gibt nicht nur einen profunden Überblick über den Stand der Informationswissenschaft als Ausbildungsdisziplin, sondern er zieht auch die Entwicklungslinien z.B. zu den Grundlagen der Semiotik als Basis unserer durch das Icon beherrschten Informationsumwelt. Er setzt sich auch mit der Theorienbildung durch Gernot Wersig und Rainer Kuhlen auseinander und man würde sich diese knappen und präzisen Ausführungen in die Köpfe mancher Politiker wünschen, die heute noch einem diffusen Bildungsbegriff nachhängen, ohne die dafür notwendige Informationsinfrastruktur im Blick zu haben: So zitiert Ratzek nach Wersig: