-
Chan, L.M.: ¬The Library of Congress Classification System in an online environment (1990)
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- Abstract
- Advantages and disadvantages of on-line classification access are presented with special attention to Library of Congress Classification (LCC) features for subject browsing, known item-searching, enhancement of keyword and controlled vocabulary searching, and other unique retrieval capabilities.
- Footnote
- Paper presented at the 2nd Annette Lewis Phinazee Symposium on Classification as an enhancement of intellectual access to information in an online environment, held at the School of Library and Information Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
O'Neill, E.T.; Chan, L.M.: FAST - a new approach to controlled subject access (2008)
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- Abstract
- Recent trends, driven to a large extent by the rapid proliferation of digital resources, are forcing changes in bibliographic control to make it easier to use, understand, and apply subject data. Subject headings are no exception. The enormous volume and rapid growth of digital libraries and repositories and the emergence of numerous metadata schemes have spurred a reexamination of the way subject data are to be provided for such resources efficiently and effectively. To address this need, OCLC in cooperation with the Library of Congress, has taken a new approach, called FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology). FAST headings are based on the existing vocabulary in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), but are applied with a simpler syntax than required by Library of Congress application policies. Adapting the LCSH vocabulary in a simplified faceted syntax retains the rich vocabulary of LCSH while making it easier to understand, control, apply, and use.
- Source
- New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.; Childress, E.; Dean, R.; O'Neill, E.T.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: ¬A faceted approach to subject data in the Dublin Core metadata record (2001)
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- Abstract
- This article describes FAST, the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, a project at OCLC to make Library of Congress Subject Headings easier to use in Dublin Core metadata by breaking out facets of space, time, and form. Work on FAST can be watched at its web site, http://www.miskatonic.org/library/, which has recent presentations and reports. It is interesting to see facets and Dublin Core combined, though both LCSH and FAST subject headings are beyond what most people making a small faceted classification would want or need.
- Source
- Journal of Internet cataloging. 4(2001) nos.1/2, S.35-47
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Yi, K.; Chan, L.M.: Linking folksonomy to Library of Congress subject headings : an exploratory study (2009)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linking of a folksonomy (user vocabulary) and LCSH (controlled vocabulary) on the basis of word matching, for the potential use of LCSH in bringing order to folksonomies. Design/methodology/approach - A selected sample of a folksonomy from a popular collaborative tagging system, Delicious, was word-matched with LCSH. LCSH was transformed into a tree structure called an LCSH tree for the matching. A close examination was conducted on the characteristics of folksonomies, the overlap of folksonomies with LCSH, and the distribution of folksonomies over the LCSH tree. Findings - The experimental results showed that the total proportion of tags being matched with LC subject headings constituted approximately two-thirds of all tags involved, with an additional 10 percent of the remaining tags having potential matches. A number of barriers for the linking as well as two areas in need of improving the matching are identified and described. Three important tag distribution patterns over the LCSH tree were identified and supported: skewedness, multifacet, and Zipfian-pattern. Research limitations/implications - The results of the study can be adopted for the development of innovative methods of mapping between folksonomy and LCSH, which directly contributes to effective access and retrieval of tagged web resources and to the integration of multiple information repositories based on the two vocabularies. Practical implications - The linking of controlled vocabularies can be applicable to enhance information retrieval capability within collaborative tagging systems as well as across various tagging system information depositories and bibliographic databases. Originality/value - This is among frontier works that examines the potential of linking a folksonomy, extracted from a collaborative tagging system, to an authority-maintained subject heading system. It provides exploratory data to support further advanced mapping methods for linking the two vocabularies.
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 65(2009) no.6, S.872-900
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Subject cataloguing and classification : the late 1980s and beyond (1990)
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- Abstract
- The chapter deals with methods of subject cataloguing, subject analysis and representation of library materials and outlines the practice of subject searching in library catalogs after the introduction of online catalogs. The vocabulary control methods in the Library of Congress Classification and LCSH are described and strategies for the use of theses systems in online retrieval situations are outlined
-
Yi, K.; Chan, L.M.: Revisiting the syntactical and structural analysis of Library of Congress Subject Headings for the digital environment (2010)
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- Abstract
- With the current information environment characterized by the proliferation of digital resources, including collaboratively created and shared resources, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is facing the challenges of effective and efficient subject-based organization and retrieval of digital resources. To explore the feasibility of utilizing LCSH in a digital environment, we might need to revisit its basic characteristics. The objectives of our study were to analyze LCSH in both syntactic and relational structures, to discover the structural characteristics of LCSH, and to identify problems and issues for the feasibility of LCSH as an effective subject access tool. This study reports and discusses issues raised by the syntactic and hierarchical structures of LCSH that present challenges to its use in a networked environment. Given the results of this study, we recommend a number of provisional future directions for the development of LCSH towards further becoming a viable system for digital and networked resources.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.4, S.677-687
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.L.: Library of Congress Classification (LCC) (2009)
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- Abstract
- The Library of Congress Classification (LCC), originally designed for classifying the Library's own collection, is now used in a wide range of libraries, both in the United States and abroad. This entry recounts its history and development from its genesis to the present time, leading up to an explanation of LCC structure, tables, and notation. It then considers the system's potential for wider application in the online age, through speculation on using LCC as a tool for (a) partitioning large files; (b) generating domain-specific taxonomies; and (c) integrating classification and controlled subject terms for improved retrieval in the online public access catalog (OPAC) and the Internet. Finally, analyzing both its strong and relatively weak features, it addresses the question of whether in its current state LCC is in all respects ready for playing such roles
- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:42
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress class numbers in online catalog searching (1989)
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- Abstract
- In addition to using title keywords and subject headings for searching in the online catalog, the searcher may also use class numbers as access points. Library of Congress class or call numbers are particular effective in certain kinds of specific-item subject searching and serve as supplements to keywords and descriptors, improving precision and recall. Class number searching in the database can produce unique results because these numbers collect citations in ways that differ from those of keywords and descriptors
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
O'Neill, E.T.; Childress, E.; Dean, R.; Kammerer, K.; Vizine-Goetz, D.; Chan, L.M.; El-Hoshy, L.: FAST: faceted application of subject terminology (2003)
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- Abstract
- The Library of Congress Subject Headings schema (LCSH) is by far the most commonly used and widely accepted subject vocabulary for general application. It is the de facto universal controlled vocabulary and has been a model for developing subject heading systems by many countries. However, LCSH's complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by requiring highly skilled personnel and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control. Recent trends, driven to a large extent by the rapid growth of the Web, are forcing changes in bibliographic control systems to make them easier to use, understand, and apply, and subject headings are no exception. The purpose of adapting the LCSH with a simplified syntax to create FAST is to retain the very rich vocabulary of LCSH while making the schema easier to understand, control, apply, and use. The schema maintains upward compatibility with LCSH, and any valid set of LC subject headings can be converted to FAST headings.
- Source
- Subject retrieval in a networked environment: Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Entering the millennium : a new century for LCSH (2000)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities
- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:21
- Source
- The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress Classification as an online retrieval tool : potentials and limitations (1986)
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- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.: Functions of a subject authority file (1991)
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- Series
- ALCTS papers on library technical services and collections; no.1
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
O'Neill, E.T.; Chan, L.M.; Childress, E.; Dean, R.; El-Hoshy, L.M.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: Form subdivisions : their identification and use in LCSH (2001)
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- Abstract
- Form subdivisions have always been an important part of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. However, when the MARC format was developed, no separate subfield code to identify form subdivisions was defined. Form and topical subdivisions were both included within a general subdivision category. In 1995, the USMARC Advisory Group approved a proposal defining subfield v for form subdivisions, and in 1999 the Library of Congress (LC) began identifying form subdivisions with the new code. However, there are millions of older bibliographic records lacking the explicit form subdivision coding. Identifying form subdivisions retrospectively is not a simple task. An algorithmic method was developed to identify form subdivisions coded as general subdivisions. The algorithm was used to identify 2,563 unique form subdivisions or combinations of form subdivisions in OCLC's WorldCat. The algorithm proved to be highly accurate with an error rate estimated to be less than 0.1%. The observed usage of the form subdivisions was highly skewed with the 100 most used form subdivisions or combinations of subdivisions accounting for 90% of the assignments.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Hodges, T.L.; Chan, L.M.: Subject cataloging principles and systems (2009)
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- Abstract
- After an introduction that addresses the means people use to search for information, this entry articulates the principles underlying various subject access options, including both controlled vocabulary systems and classification. It begins with a brief history of subject access provisions, including an account of the impact of automation, and goes on to discuss in some detail the principles underlying American library practice in respect to subject access. It then, briefly, describes selected subject-access schemes (including both subject heading lists and classification systems) in terms of how they reflect the principles presented, and how well they fulfill their stated functions.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Chan, L.M.: Subject access systems in the USA (1995)
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- Source
- Subject indexing: principles and practices in the 90's. Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting Held in Lisbon, Portugal, 17-18 August 1993, and sponsored by the IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing and the Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro, Lisbon, Portugal. Ed.: R.P. Holley et al
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Chan, L.M.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: Towards a computer-generated subject validation file : feasibility and usefulness (1998)
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- Abstract
- Recognition, by libraries, of the need for improved efficiency and reliability in subject authority control in catalogues led to a study of the feasibility of automatically creating a subject heading validation file by scanning the OLUC. The premises were: that although the file would not be axhaustive, it would contain the majority of frequently used headings; and that the predicted level of accurary in the file would be high. A sample file of Library of Congress assigned subject headings, from the OCLC Subject Headings Corrections database was analyzed. Results showed that: the frequency of use varies inversely with the number of headings at a given rrate of use; a small number of headings with high frequencies of use accounts for the majority of total use, while a large proportion shows very low frequency of use; topical headings account for 2/3 of assigned headings; and error and obsolescence rates are both low and are in inverse relationship to the frequency of heading use. Concludes that an automatically generated subject heading validation file is feasible and could serve various purposes, including: verification of subject heading strings constructed by cataloguers; updating of subject headings in catalogue maintenance; and validation of subject headings during retrospective catalogue conversion
-
Chan, L.M.: ¬A subject cataloging code? (1989)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to a thematic issue devoted to a subject control in on-line catalogues. Examines whether a subject cataloguing code is, at this point in time, necessary or economically feasible, as well as questioning who will develop such a code and if experiences with AACR2 should make librarians fearful or hopeful about similar work with subject headings.
-
Chan, L.M.: Subject analysis tools online : the challenge ahead (1990)
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- Abstract
- As the online catalog continues to be developed and refined, the question arises as to how the traditional subject analysis tools, the LCSH, the LCC, and the DDC, can be most effectively adapted to the online environment. This article examines the limitations and potentials of these tools and the challenges of incorporating them online. The traditional and potential functions of these tools, the requirements for their becoming efficient online cataloging and retrieval tools, and recent developments toward these goals are discussed
-
Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress Subject Headings : principles and application (1995)
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- Date
- 25.11.2005 18:37:22
-
Yi, K.; Chan, L.M.: ¬A visualization software tool for Library of Congress Subject Headings (2008)
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- Content
- The aim of this study is to develop a software tool, VisuaLCSH, for effective searching, browsing, and maintenance of LCSH. This tool enables visualizing subject headings and hierarchical structures implied and embedded in LCSH. A conceptual framework for converting the hierarchical structure of headings in LCSH to an explicit tree structure is proposed, described, and implemented. The highlights of VisuaLCSH are summarized below: 1) revealing multiple aspects of a heading; 2) normalizing the hierarchical relationships in LCSH; 3) showing multi-level hierarchies in LCSH sub-trees; 4) improving the navigational function of LCSH in retrieval; and 5) enabling the implementation of generic search, i.e., the 'exploding' feature, in searching LCSH.
- Source
- Culture and identity in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Tenth International ISKO Conference 5-8 August 2008, Montreal, Canada. Ed. by Clément Arsenault and Joseph T. Tennis
