-
Pao, M.L.: Retrieval differences between term and citation indexing (1989)
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- Abstract
- A retrieval experiment was conducted to compare on-line searching using terms opposed to citations. This is the first study in which a single data base was used to retrieve two equivalent sets for each query, one using terms found in the bibliographic record to achieve higher recall, and the other using documents. Reports on the use of a second citation searching strategy. Overall, by using both types of search keys, the total recall is increased.
- Source
- Information, knowledge, evolution. Proceedings of the 44th FID congress, Helsinki, 28.8.-1.9.1988. Ed. by S. Koshiala and R. Launo
-
Dunlop, M.D.; Johnson, C.W.; Reid, J.: Exploring the layers of information retrieval evaluation (1998)
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- Abstract
- Presents current work on modelling interactive information retrieval systems and users' interactions with them. Analyzes the papers in this special issue in the context of evaluation in information retrieval (IR) by examining the different layers at which IR use could be evaluated. IR poses the double evaluation problem of evaluating both the underlying system effectiveness and the overall ability of the system to aid users. The papers look at different issues in combining human-computer interaction (HCI) research with IR research and provide insights into the problem of evaluating the information seeking process
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special section of articles related to human-computer interaction and information retrieval
- Source
- Interacting with computers. 10(1998) no.3, S.225-236
-
Sanderson, M.: ¬The Reuters test collection (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes the Reuters test collection, which at 22.173 references is significantly larger than most traditional test collections. In addition, Reuters has none of the recall calculation problems normally associated with some of the larger test collections available. Explains the method derived by D.D. Lewis to perform retrieval experiments on the Reuters collection and illustrates the use of the Reuters collection using some simple retrieval experiments that compare the performance of stemming algorithms
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Interaction in information retrieval : selection and effectiveness of search terms (1997)
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- Abstract
- We investigated the sources and effectiveness of search terms used during mediated on-line searching under real-life (as opposed to laboratory) circumstances. A stratified model of information retrieval (IR) interaction served as a framework for the analysis. For the analysis, we used the on-line transaction logs, videotapes, and transcribed dialogue of the presearch and on-line interaction between 40 users and 4 professional intermediaries. Each user provided one question and interacted with one of the four intermediaries. Searching was done using DIALOG. Five sources of search terms were identified: (1) the users' written question statements, (2) terms derived from users' domain knowledge during the interaction, (3) terms extracted from retrieved items as relevance feedback, (4) database thesaurus, and (5) terms derived by intermediaries during the interaction. Distribution, retrieval effectiveness, transition sequences, and correlation of search terms from different sources were investigated. Search terms from users' written question statements and term relevance feedback were the most productive sources of terms contributing to the retrieval of items judged relevant by users. Implications of the findings are discussed
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.8, S.741-761
-
Van der Walt, H.E.A.; Brakel, P.A. van: Method for the evaluation of the retrieval effectiveness of a CD-ROM bibliographic database (1991)
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- Abstract
- Addresses the problem of how potential users of CD-ROM data bases can objectively establish which version of the same data base is best suited for a specific situation. The problem was solved by applying the retrieval effectiveness of current on-line data base search systems as a standard measurement. 5 search queries from the medical sciences were presented by experienced users of MEDLINE. Search strategies were written for both DIALOG and DATA-STAR. Search results were compared to create a recall base from documents present in both on-line searches. This recall base was then used to establish the retrieval and precision of 4 CD-ROM data bases: MEDLINE, Compact Cambrdge MEDLINE, DIALOG OnDisc, Comprehensive MEDLINE/EBSCO
- Source
- African journal of library and information science. 59(1991) no.1, S.32-42
-
Hodges, P.R.: Keyword in title indexes : effectiveness of retrieval in computer searches (1983)
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- Abstract
- A study was done to test the effectiveness of retrieval using title word searching. It was based on actual search profiles used in the Mechanized Information Center at Ohio State University, in order ro replicate as closely as possible actual searching conditions. Fewer than 50% of the relevant titles were retrieved by keywords in titles. The low rate of retrieval can be attributes to three sources: titles themselves, user and information specialist ignorance of the subject vocabulary in use, and to general language problems. Across fields it was found that the social sciences had the best retrieval rate, with science having the next best, and arts and humanities the lowest. Ways to enhance and supplement keyword in title searching on the computer and in printed indexes are discussed.
- Date
- 14. 3.1996 13:22:21
-
Davis, M.W.: On the effective use of large parallel corpora in cross-language text retrieval (1998)
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- Series
- The Kluwer International series on information retrieval
- Source
- Cross-language information retrieval. Ed.: G. Grefenstette
-
Keen, E.M.: Aspects of computer-based indexing languages (1991)
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- Abstract
- Comments on the relative rarity of research articles on theoretical aspects of subject indexing in computerised retrieval systems and the predominance of articles on software packages and hardware. Concludes that controlled indexing still has a future but points to major differences from the past
- Source
- Computers in libraries international 91. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference on Computers in Libraries, London, February 1991
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Petrelli, D.: On the role of user-centred evaluation in the advancement of interactive information retrieval (2008)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses the role of user-centred evaluations as an essential method for researching interactive information retrieval. It draws mainly on the work carried out during the Clarity Project where different user-centred evaluations were run during the lifecycle of a cross-language information retrieval system. The iterative testing was not only instrumental to the development of a usable system, but it enhanced our knowledge of the potential, impact, and actual use of cross-language information retrieval technology. Indeed the role of the user evaluation was dual: by testing a specific prototype it was possible to gain a micro-view and assess the effectiveness of each component of the complex system; by cumulating the result of all the evaluations (in total 43 people were involved) it was possible to build a macro-view of how cross-language retrieval would impact on users and their tasks. By showing the richness of results that can be acquired, this paper aims at stimulating researchers into considering user-centred evaluations as a flexible, adaptable and comprehensive technique for investigating non-traditional information access systems.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenbereichs: Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems
- Source
- Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.22-38
-
Keen, E.M.: Some aspects of proximity searching in text retrieval systems (1992)
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- Abstract
- Describes and evaluates the proximity search facilities in external online systems and in-house retrieval software. Discusses and illustrates capabilities, syntax and circumstances of use. Presents measurements of the overheads required by proximity for storage, record input time and search time. The search strategy narrowing effect of proximity is illustrated by recall and precision test results. Usage and problems lead to a number of design ideas for better implementation: some based on existing Boolean strategies, one on the use of weighted proximity to automatically produce ranked output. A comparison of Boolean, quorum and proximate term pairs distance is included
- Source
- Journal of information science. 18(1992), S.89-98
-
Yerbury, H.; Parker, J.: Novice searchers' use of familiar structures in searching bibliographic information retrieval systems (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of a study of the use of metaphors as problem solving mechanisms by novice searchers of bibliographic databases. Metaphors provide a framework or 'familiar structure' of credible associations within which relationships in other domains may be considered. 28 students taking an undergraduate course in information retrieval at Sydney University of Technology, were recorded as they 'talked through' a search on a bibliographic retrieval system. The transcripts were analyzed using conventional methods and the NUDIST software package for qualitative research. A range of metaphors was apparent from the language use by students in the search process. Those which predominated were: a journey; human interaction; a building or matching process; a problem solving process, and a search for a quantity. Many of the studentes experiencing the interaction as a problem solving process or a search for quantity perceived the outcomes as successful. Concludes that when memory for operating methods and procedures is incomplete an unconscious approach through the use of a conceptual system which is consonant with the task at hand may also lead to success in bibliographic searching
- Source
- Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.4, S.207-214
-
Cross-language information retrieval (1998)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: GREFENSTETTE, G.: The Problem of Cross-Language Information Retrieval; DAVIS, M.W.: On the Effective Use of Large Parallel Corpora in Cross-Language Text Retrieval; BALLESTEROS, L. u. W.B. CROFT: Statistical Methods for Cross-Language Information Retrieval; Distributed Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval; Automatic Cross-Language Information Retrieval Using Latent Semantic Indexing; EVANS, D.A. u.a.: Mapping Vocabularies Using Latent Semantics; PICCHI, E. u. C. PETERS: Cross-Language Information Retrieval: A System for Comparable Corpus Querying; YAMABANA, K. u.a.: A Language Conversion Front-End for Cross-Language Information Retrieval; GACHOT, D.A. u.a.: The Systran NLP Browser: An Application of Machine Translation Technology in Cross-Language Information Retrieval; HULL, D.: A Weighted Boolean Model for Cross-Language Text Retrieval; SHERIDAN, P. u.a. Building a Large Multilingual Test Collection from Comparable News Documents; OARD; D.W. u. B.J. DORR: Evaluating Cross-Language Text Filtering Effectiveness
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Machine translation review: 1999, no.10, S.26-27 (D. Lewis): "Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) addresses the growing need to access large volumes of data across language boundaries. The typical requirement is for the user to input a free form query, usually a brief description of a topic, into a search or retrieval engine which returns a list, in ranked order, of documents or web pages that are relevant to the topic. The search engine matches the terms in the query to indexed terms, usually keywords previously derived from the target documents. Unlike monolingual information retrieval, CLIR requires query terms in one language to be matched to indexed terms in another. Matching can be done by bilingual dictionary lookup, full machine translation, or by applying statistical methods. A query's success is measured in terms of recall (how many potentially relevant target documents are found) and precision (what proportion of documents found are relevant). Issues in CLIR are how to translate query terms into index terms, how to eliminate alternative translations (e.g. to decide that French 'traitement' in a query means 'treatment' and not 'salary'), and how to rank or weight translation alternatives that are retained (e.g. how to order the French terms 'aventure', 'business', 'affaire', and 'liaison' as relevant translations of English 'affair'). Grefenstette provides a lucid and useful overview of the field and the problems. The volume brings together a number of experiments and projects in CLIR. Mark Davies (New Mexico State University) describes Recuerdo, a Spanish retrieval engine which reduces translation ambiguities by scanning indexes for parallel texts; it also uses either a bilingual dictionary or direct equivalents from a parallel corpus in order to compare results for queries on parallel texts. Lisa Ballesteros and Bruce Croft (University of Massachusetts) use a 'local feedback' technique which automatically enhances a query by adding extra terms to it both before and after translation; such terms can be derived from documents known to be relevant to the query.
Christian Fluhr at al (DIST/SMTI, France) outline the EMIR (European Multilingual Information Retrieval) and ESPRIT projects. They found that using SYSTRAN to machine translate queries and to access material from various multilingual databases produced less relevant results than a method referred to as 'multilingual reformulation' (the mechanics of which are only hinted at). An interesting technique is Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), described by Michael Littman et al (Brown University) and, most clearly, by David Evans et al (Carnegie Mellon University). LSI involves creating matrices of documents and the terms they contain and 'fitting' related documents into a reduced matrix space. This effectively allows queries to be mapped onto a common semantic representation of the documents. Eugenio Picchi and Carol Peters (Pisa) report on a procedure to create links between translation equivalents in an Italian-English parallel corpus. The links are used to construct parallel linguistic contexts in real-time for any term or combination of terms that is being searched for in either language. Their interest is primarily lexicographic but they plan to apply the same procedure to comparable corpora, i.e. to texts which are not translations of each other but which share the same domain. Kiyoshi Yamabana et al (NEC, Japan) address the issue of how to disambiguate between alternative translations of query terms. Their DMAX (double maximise) method looks at co-occurrence frequencies between both source language words and target language words in order to arrive at the most probable translation. The statistical data for the decision are derived, not from the translation texts but independently from monolingual corpora in each language. An interactive user interface allows the user to influence the selection of terms during the matching process. Denis Gachot et al (SYSTRAN) describe the SYSTRAN NLP browser, a prototype tool which collects parsing information derived from a text or corpus previously translated with SYSTRAN. The user enters queries into the browser in either a structured or free form and receives grammatical and lexical information about the source text and/or its translation.
The retrieved output from a query including the phrase 'big rockets' may be, for instance, a sentence containing 'giant rocket' which is semantically ranked above 'military ocket'. David Hull (Xerox Research Centre, Grenoble) describes an implementation of a weighted Boolean model for Spanish-English CLIR. Users construct Boolean-type queries, weighting each term in the query, which is then translated by an on-line dictionary before being applied to the database. Comparisons with the performance of unweighted free-form queries ('vector space' models) proved encouraging. Two contributions consider the evaluation of CLIR systems. In order to by-pass the time-consuming and expensive process of assembling a standard collection of documents and of user queries against which the performance of an CLIR system is manually assessed, Páriac Sheridan et al (ETH Zurich) propose a method based on retrieving 'seed documents'. This involves identifying a unique document in a database (the 'seed document') and, for a number of queries, measuring how fast it is retrieved. The authors have also assembled a large database of multilingual news documents for testing purposes. By storing the (fairly short) documents in a structured form tagged with descriptor codes (e.g. for topic, country and area), the test suite is easily expanded while remaining consistent for the purposes of testing. Douglas Ouard and Bonne Dorr (University of Maryland) describe an evaluation methodology which appears to apply LSI techniques in order to filter and rank incoming documents designed for testing CLIR systems. The volume provides the reader an excellent overview of several projects in CLIR. It is well supported with references and is intended as a secondary text for researchers and practitioners. It highlights the need for a good, general tutorial introduction to the field."
- Series
- The Kluwer International series on information retrieval
-
Hersh, W.R.; Hickam, D.H.: ¬An evaluation of interactive Boolean and natural language searching with an online medical textbook (1995)
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- Abstract
- Few studies have compared the interactive use of Boolean and natural language search systems. Studies the use of 3 retrieval systems by senior medical students searching on queries generated by actual physicians in a clinical setting. The searchers were randomized to search on 2 or 3 different retrieval systems: a Boolean system, a word-based natural language system, and a concept-based natural language system. Results showed no statistically significant differences in recall or precision among the 3 systems. Likewise, there is no user preference for any system over the other. The study revealed problems with traditional measures of retrieval evaluation when applied to the interactive search setting
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.7, S.478-489
-
Salampasis, M.; Tait, J.; Bloor, C.: Evaluation of information-seeking performance in hypermedia digital libraries (1998)
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- Abstract
- Discusses current information retrieval methods based on recall (R) and precision (P) for evaluating information retrieval and examines their suitability for evaluating the performance of hypermedia digital libraries. Proposes a new quantitative evaluation methodology, based on the structural analysis of hypermedia networks and the navigational and search state patterns of information seekers. Although the proposed methodology retains some of the characteristics of R and P evaluation, it could be more suitable than them for measuring the performance of information-seeking environments where information seekers can utilize arbitrary mixtures of browsing and query-based searching strategies
- Source
- Interacting with computers. 10(1998) no.3, S.269-284
-
Wildemuth, B.; Freund, L.; Toms, E.G.: Untangling search task complexity and difficulty in the context of interactive information retrieval studies (2014)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - One core element of interactive information retrieval (IIR) experiments is the assignment of search tasks. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical review of current practice in developing those search tasks to test, observe or control task complexity and difficulty. Design/methodology/approach - Over 100 prior studies of IIR were examined in terms of how each defined task complexity and/or difficulty (or related concepts) and subsequently interpreted those concepts in the development of the assigned search tasks. Findings - Search task complexity is found to include three dimensions: multiplicity of subtasks or steps, multiplicity of facets, and indeterminability. Search task difficulty is based on an interaction between the search task and the attributes of the searcher or the attributes of the search situation. The paper highlights the anomalies in our use of these two concepts, concluding with suggestions for future methodological research related to search task complexity and difficulty. Originality/value - By analyzing and synthesizing current practices, this paper provides guidance for future experiments in IIR that involve these two constructs.
- Content
- Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Festschrift in honour of Nigel Ford
- Date
- 6. 4.2015 19:31:22
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 70(2014) no.6, S.1118-1140
-
Wolfram, D.; Dimitroff, A.: Preliminary findings on searcher performance and perceptions of performance in a hypertext bibliographic retrieval system (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports on research examining the relationship of searcher performance and perception of performance, particulary for hypertext-based onformation retrieval systems for bibliographic data. Employs a prototype hypertext bibliographic retrieval system called HyperLynx. Evaluates its use by 83 subjects at the School of Library and Information Science and the Golda Meir Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA. Measures of system usgae indicate that there is no significant relationship between confidence and the number of record pages visited, although confident searchers searched for shorter time periods. The reality check measures shows that both novice and experienced searchers were over confident in their performance
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.12, S.1142-1145
-
Wu, C.-J.: Experiments on using the Dublin Core to reduce the retrieval error ratio (1998)
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- Abstract
- In order to test the power of metadata on information retrieval, an experiment was designed and conducted on a group of 7 graduate students using the Dublin Core as the cataloguing metadata. Results show that, on average, the retrieval error rate is only 2.9 per cent for the MES system (http://140.136.85.194), which utilizes the Dublin Core to describe the documents on the World Wide Web, in contrast to 20.7 per cent for the 7 famous search engines including HOTBOT, GAIS, LYCOS, EXCITE, INFOSEEK, YAHOO, and OCTOPUS. The very low error rate indicates that the users can use the information of the Dublin Core to decide whether to retrieve the documents or not
- Source
- Journal of library and information science. 24(1998) no.1, S.50-64
-
Aldous, K.J.: ¬A system for the automatic retrieval of information from a specialist database (1996)
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- Abstract
- Accessing useful information from a complex database requires knowledge of the structure of the database and an understanding of the methods of information retrieval. A means of overcoming this knowledge barrier to the use of narrow domain databases is proposed in which the user is required to enter only a series of terms which identify the required material. Describes a method which classifies terms according to their meaning in the context of the database and which uses this classification to access and execute models of code stored in the database to effect retrieval. Presents an implementation of the method using a database of technical information on the nature and use of fungicides. Initial results of trials with potential users indicate that the system can produce relevant resposes to queries expressed in this style. Since the code modules are part of the database, extensions may be easily implemented to handle most queries which users are likely to pose
-
McDonald, S.; Stevenson, R.J.: Navigation in hyperspace : an evaluation of the effects of navigational tools and subject matter expertise on browsing and information retrieval in hypertext (1998)
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- Abstract
- Examines the effectiveness of a map and a textual contents list on the navigation performance of subjects with and without prior knowledge of the text topic in hypertext. Subjects used the document to answer 10 questions. the results showed that performance in the map condition was superior to that of the contents list condition, which in turn was superior to that of the hypertext only condition. Knowledgeable subjects performed better than non-knowledgeable subjects, except in the map condition where their performance was equivalent. the results show that non-knowledgeable users tend to rely more heavily on navigational aids than knowledgeable users, and that aids were used primarily during browsing and information retrieval in hypertext
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special section devoted to human-computer interaction and information retrieval
- Source
- Interacting with computers. 10(1998) no.2, S.129-142
-
Crestani, F.; Rijsbergen, C.J. van: Information retrieval by imaging (1996)
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- Abstract
- Explains briefly what constitutes the imaging process and explains how imaging can be used in information retrieval. Proposes an approach based on the concept of: 'a term is a possible world'; which enables the exploitation of term to term relationships which are estimated using an information theoretic measure. Reports results of an evaluation exercise to compare the performance of imaging retrieval, using possible world semantics, with a benchmark and using the Cranfield 2 document collection to measure precision and recall. Initially, the performance imaging retrieval was seen to be better but statistical analysis proved that the difference was not significant. The problem with imaging retrieval lies in the amount of computations needed to be performed at run time and a later experiement investigated the possibility of reducing this amount. Notes lines of further investigation
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
