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  1. Beall, J.; Kafadar, K.: Measuring typographical errors' impact on retrieval in bibliographic databases (2007) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Typographical errors can block access to records in online catalogs; but, when a word contains a typo and is also spelled correctly elsewhere in the same record, access may not be blocked. To quantify the effect of typographical errors in records on information retrieval, we conducted a study to measure the proportion of records that contain a typographical error but that do not also contain a correct spelling of the same word. This article presents the experimental design, results of the study, and a statistical analysis of the results.We find that the average proportion of records that are blocked by the presence of a typo (that is, records in which a correct spelling of the word does not also occur) ranges from 35% to 99%, depending upon the frequency of the word being searched and the likelihood of the word being misspelled.
    Footnote
    Simultaneously published as Cataloger, Editor, and Scholar: Essays in Honor of Ruth C. Carter