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Lancaster, F.W.: Trends in subject indexing from 1957 to 2000 (1980)
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- Abstract
- Computer have been used in 2 areas of printed index production: to sort entries and fromat printed indexes, and to derive a series of index entries from a minimum intellectual input. Computer indexing enables more indexing terms to be used as well as weighted terms, links and roles. Interest in automatic indexing peaked in the mid-1960s and has since declined. Interest in machine-aided indexing concentrates on using the computer for on-line display or for indexing by extraction. Computers have also made possible the implementation of retrieval systems without indexing-free text systems. Considers future prospects and needs
- Source
- New trends in documentation and information: proceedings of the 39th FID Congress, University of Edinburgh, 25-28 Sept 1978. Ed.: P.J. Taylor
-
Lancaster, F.W.: On the need for role indicators in postcoordinate retrieval systems (1968)
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- Abstract
- A summary of the findings of various evaluations of role indicators is given. In general, the results have been negative in that little real evidence for the value of the devices has been presented. The need for roles in various subject fields and in very large systems, is discussed. They can only by justified on purely ecomic grounds - if the added cost involved in their use is offset by substantial reduction in the amount of output screening that must be done by the end user
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Libraries in the year 2001 (1993)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the trend away from a paper based society and towards an electronic society: with the advent of computers, electronic mail, computer conferencing, electronic invisible colleges, and the application of computers to libraries and information networks, and to publishing, with the production of electronic media. Forecasts the advent of the electronic library and the electronic librarian, the decline in the use of present day libraries, technical and library services, and the enhanced and extended role of librarians in the new situation. Predicts the eventual demise of the traditional library with the exception of non research libraries but the enhanced value of the librarians as an information specialist
- Source
- Herald of library science. 32(1993) nos.3/4, S.163-170
-
Lancaster, F.W.: MEDLARS : report on the evaluation of its operating effiency (1961)
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- Footnote
- Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.223-246.
-
Qin, J.; Lancaster, F.W.; Allen, B.: Types and levels of collaboration in interdisciplinary research in the sciences (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a study which collected a sample of 846 scientific research papers published in 1992 and tests 3 hypotheses on the relationship between research collaboration and interdisciplinarity. Results showed significant differences in degrees of interdisciplinarity among different levels of collaboration and among different disciplines. Collaboration contributed significantly to the degree of interdisciplinarity in some disciplines and not in others. Uses a survey that asked authors about their form of collaboration, channels of communication and use of information. The survey provides some qualitative explanation for the bibliometrics findings. Discusses the perspective of scientist-scientist interaction, scientist-information interaction and information-information interaction
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.10, S.893-916
-
Lancaster, F.W.: ¬The evolution of electronic publishing (1995)
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- Abstract
- Summarizes the development of electronic publishing since the early 60s, when computers were used merely to produce conventional printed products, to the present move toward networked scholarly publishing
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Evaluation in the context of the digital library (1996)
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- Abstract
- Digital libraries are sufficiently differnt from more traditional print on paper libraries to present a new set of parameters relating to the evaluation of its use. Discusses evaluation criteria, problems and methods relevant to the digital library environment
- Source
- Towards a worldwide library: a ten year forecast. Proceedings of the 19th International Essen Symposium, 23-26 Sept 1996. Ed.: A.H. Helal u. J.W. Weiss
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Precision and recall (2009)
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- Abstract
- F.W. Lancaster's work has been immensely influential in library and information science. He has written on indexing and information system evaluation, and has been looked to as a pioneer in many areas. Here he describes precision and recall, the two most fundamental and widespread measures of information retrieval effectiveness.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Searching databases on CD-ROM : comparison of the results of end-user searching with results from two modes of searching by skilled intermediaries (1994)
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- Abstract
- The results of 35 searches performed by users (end users) of an academic library (Illinois Stae University, Milner Library) in the ERIC databases on CD-ROM were compared with the results for the same topics achieved by an experienced education librarian and by a team of librarians. Recall ratios, precision ratios, and novelty ratios were calculated. Results show that the users, all faculty members or graduate students, found only about a third of the really important items. Suggests that library users are frequently misled into thinking that CD-ROM databases are easy to use and that the 'technology' guarantees satisfactory results.
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Evaluation within the environment of an operating information service (1981)
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- Source
- Information retrieval experiment. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones
-
Krooks, D.A.; Lancaster, F.W.: ¬The evolution of guidelines for thesaurus construction (1993)
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- Abstract
- This piece of research traces the evolution of guidelines and principles for the construction of information retrieval thesauri from 1959 to 1993. We conclude that the majority of the basic problems of thesaurus construction has already been identified and solved by 1967 and that Eugene Wall, more than any other individual, has profoundly influenced the entire development in this area
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Lancaster, F.W.; Ulvila, J.W.; Humphrey, S.M.; Smith, L.C.; Allen, B.; Herner, S.: Evaluation of interactive knowledge-based systems : overview and design for empirical testing (1996)
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- Abstract
- An overview of levels and approaches in the evalution of knowledge-based systems is presented. There is a need for empirical studies using objective criteria in advance of completing the technical evaluation of such systems. A methodology for this type of evaluation developed for a particular knowledge-based indexing system is presented. It is suggested that the proposed study may serve as a model for the design of any evaluation in which the results of existing intellectual procedures are compared with results achieved when these procedures are aided by use of an appropriate expert system
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.1, S.57-69
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Lancaster, F.W.: Evaluating the performance of a large computerized information system (1985)
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- Abstract
- F. W. Lancaster is known for his writing an the state of the art in librarylinformation science. His skill in identifying significant contributions and synthesizing literature in fields as diverse as online systems, vocabulary control, measurement and evaluation, and the paperless society have earned him esteem as a chronicler of information science. Equally deserving of repute is his own contribution to research in the discipline-his evaluation of the MEDLARS operating system. The MEDLARS study is notable for several reasons. It was the first large-scale application of retrieval experiment methodology to the evaluation of an actual operating system. As such, problems had to be faced that do not arise in laboratory-like conditions. One example is the problem of recall: how to determine, for a very large and dynamic database, the number of documents relevant to a given search request. By solving this problem and others attendant upon transferring an experimental methodology to the real world, Lancaster created a constructive procedure that could be used to improve the design and functioning of retrieval systems. The MEDLARS study is notable also for its contribution to our understanding of what constitutes a good index language and good indexing. The ideal retrieval system would be one that retrieves all and only relevant documents. The failures that occur in real operating systems, when a relevant document is not retrieved (a recall failure) or an irrelevant document is retrieved (a precision failure), can be analysed to assess the impact of various factors an the performance of the system. This is exactly what Lancaster did. He found both the MEDLARS indexing and the McSH index language to be significant factors affecting retrieval performance. The indexing, primarily because it was insufficiently exhaustive, explained a large number of recall failures. The index language, largely because of its insufficient specificity, accounted for a large number of precision failures. The purpose of identifying factors responsible for a system's failures is ultimately to improve the system. Unlike many user studies, the MEDLARS evaluation yielded recommendations that were eventually implemented.* Indexing exhaustivity was increased and the McSH index language was enriched with more specific terms and a larger entry vocabulary.
- Footnote
- Original in: Journal of the American Medical Association 207(1969) S.114-120.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Librarians, technology and mediocrity (1993)
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- Abstract
- Two years ago the author gave a keynote talk at the Essen Symposium that suggested that technology has lulled librarians into a false sense of security and that there is no real evidence that the increasing use of technology has improved library services at all. This talk carries this theme one stage further, suggesting that technology may actually encourage mediocrity in library and information services
- Source
- Opportunity 2000: understanding and serving users in an electronic library; 15th Int. Symp., 12.-15.10.1992; Festschrift in honour of Herbert S. White. Ed.: A.H. Helal
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Su, S.-F.; Lancaster, F.W.: Evaluation of expert systems in reference service applications (1995)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of an evaluation of 2 expert systems designed for use in library reference services: ReferenceExpert (RE), developed by Houston University; and SourceFinder (SF), developed by Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign. The test group consisted of 60 graduate students at the initial stage of an intermediate level reference course. The evaluation involved test questions already used in an earlier study (College and research libraries 52(1991) no.5, S.454-465). Results indicated that: there was no significant difference between RE and SF students in the confidence they expressed regarding understanding of their test questions; no significant correlation was found between confidence in understanding the question and success in selecting appropriate sources; only 1/5 of the students agreed that the system they used could be considered 'intelligent'; the majority did not consider the system they used to be 'competent'; almost half agreed that the subject categories provided by the menus were too broad; a little more than half wer not satisfied with the information sources selected by their system; significantly more RE users than SF users agreed that they found the menu interface useful; and a keyword search capability was the feature most often mentioned as a needed system enhancement. Overall results indicated that current expert systems for the selection of reference sources cannot perform as well as experienced subject oriented reference librarians
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Electronic publishing (1989)
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- Abstract
- Contribution to an issue on the impact of technological change on libraries and ways in which librarians are applying technology to their collections, services to users and the management of their libraries. Traces the evolution of electronic publishing from the early 60s to the present. Pays particular attention to computer conferencing, and hypermedia.
-
Lancaster, F.W.: Vocabulary control in information retrieval systems (1977)
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-
Lancaster, F.W.: Networked electronic publishing of the results of scholarly research (1995)
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- Abstract
- A review of developments in electronic publishing over the last 25 years is followed by a report on a survey conducted, with directors of university libraries and other academic administrators, to determine attitudes toward a networked electronic approach to the publishing of research articles. A major conclusion is that academic administrators do not now consider the academic community well equipped to undertake an enterprise of this kind and would not give it high priority in the allocation of university resources
- Series
- Publications of Essen University Library; 18
- Source
- Information superhighway: the role of librarians, information scientists, and intermediaries. Festschrift in honor of Frederick Wilfred Lancaster. 17th International Essen Symposium, 24.-27.10.1994. Ed. A.H. Helal et al
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Elzy, C.; Nourie, A.; Lancaster, F.W.; Joseph, K.M.: Evaluating reference service in a large academic library (1991)
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- Abstract
- Reports an unobtrusive study of the ability of professional librarians to deal with factual questions conducted at the Milner Library, Illinois State University. Standards were recruited to pose questions for which answers were known, to 19 librarians in 5 departments. In all, 190 test incidents (10 questions for each of the 19 librarians) were used. Librarians were evaluated on the accuracy of the responses given and on their responsiveness and helpfulness, as judged by the student proxies. Describes the methods used in the study, including the accuracy and attitude scales developed, presents the major results, and makes suggestions on the follow-up action that seems appropriate after a study of this kind has been performed
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Lancaster, F.W.: Artificial intelligence, expert systems and the digital library (1996)
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- Abstract
- Based partly on chapters in a forthcoming book 'Technology and Management in Library and Information Sciences' by F.W. Lancaster and B. Sandore. Some inportant functions of a research library operating largely in a networked digital environment are illustrated. The ability of artificial intelligence and expert system technologies to contribute to these functions is discussed, in the light of a report from the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, as well as experiences with these technologies in the library world and elsewhere
- Source
- Journal of information; communication; and library science. 3(1996) no.2, S.3-14
