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  • × theme_ss:"Semantic Web"
  1. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.10 
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    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
  2. Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007) 0.06 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
  3. Daconta, M.C.; Oberst, L.J.; Smith, K.T.: ¬The Semantic Web : A guide to the future of XML, Web services and knowledge management (2003) 0.05 
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    Date
    22. 5.2007 10:37:38
    Footnote
    Rez. Amazon: "Die Autoren bezeichnen das Buch im Vorwort als strategischen Führer für Führungskräfte und Entwickler die sich einen Überblick über das Semantic Web und die dahinter stehende Vision machen wollen. Genau diesem Anspruch wird das Buch auch absolut gerecht. Die ersten beiden Kapitel beschreiben die Vision sowie die Möglichkeiten, die sich durch den Einsatz der in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln beschriebenen Techniken bieten. Die Autoren schaffen es anhand vieler praktischer Szenarien (die zwar teilweise meiner Einschätzung nach schon noch in einiger Zukunft liegen, aber die große Vision des ganzen schön vergegenwärtigen) sehr schnell den Leser für die Technik zu begeistern und mehr darüber wissen zu wollen. Die nachfolgenden Kapitel beschreiben die Techniken auf den verschiedenen semantischen Ebenen von XML als Basis für alles weitere, über Web Services, RDF, Taxonomies und Ontologies. Den Autoren gelingt es die beschriebenen Techniken so kurz und prägnant zu erklären, dass sich der Leser danach zumindest ein Bild über die Techniken an sich, sowie über deren komplexes Zusammenspiel machen kann. Auch für Entwickler würde ich das Buch empfehlen, da es einen sehr guten Einstieg in viele doch sehr neue Techniken bietet mit vielen Verweisen auf weitere Literatur. Alles in allem ein sehr gelungenes Buch, das es trotz relativ geringem Umfangs schafft, einen guten Überblick über dieses komplexe Thema zu vermitteln."
    LCSH
    Knowledge management
    Subject
    Knowledge management
  4. OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements (2004) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This document specifies usage scenarios, goals and requirements for a web ontology language. An ontology formally defines a common set of terms that are used to describe and represent a domain. Ontologies can be used by automated tools to power advanced services such as more accurate web search, intelligent software agents and knowledge management.
  5. Uren, V.; Cimiano, P.; Iria, J.; Handschuh, S.; Vargas-Vera, M.; Motta, E.; Ciravegnac, F.: Semantic annotation for knowledge management : requirements and a survey of the state of the art (2006) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    While much of a company's knowledge can be found in text repositories, current content management systems have limited capabilities for structuring and interpreting documents. In the emerging Semantic Web, search, interpretation and aggregation can be addressed by ontology-based semantic mark-up. In this paper, we examine semantic annotation, identify a number of requirements, and review the current generation of semantic annotation systems. This analysis shows that, while there is still some way to go before semantic annotation tools will be able to address fully all the knowledge management needs, research in the area is active and making good progress.
    Source
    Web semantics: science, services and agents on the World Wide Web. 4(2006) no.1, S.14-28
  6. Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005) 0.03 
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    Classification
    006.7 22
    Date
    7. 3.2007 19:30:22
    DDC
    006.7 22
    Footnote
    The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."
  7. Sini, M.; Lauser, B.; Salokhe, G.; Keizer, J.; Katz, S.: ¬The AGROVOC concept server : rationale, goals and usage (2008) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The main objective of the AGROVOC Concept Server (CS) is to create a collaborative reference platform and a "one-stop" shop for a pool of commonly used concepts related to agriculture, containing terms, definitions and relationships between terms in multiple languages derived from various sources. This paper aims to address the issues. Design/methodology/approach - The CS offers a centralised facility where the agricultural information management community can build and share agricultural knowledge in a collaborative environment. Findings - The advantages of the CS are its extensibility and modularity that provide the possibility to extend the type of information that can be stored in this system based on user/community needs. Research limitations/implications - Further investigation still needs to be done on the modularisation of the CS (i.e. the creation of separated ontologies that can still be connected, in order to have domain-related ontologies and to allow for better performance of the CS). Practical implications - The CS serves as starting point for the development of specific domain ontologies where multilinguality and the localised representation of knowledge are essential issues. Furthermore, it will offer additional services in order to expose the knowledge to be consumed by other applications. Originality/value - The CS Workbench provides the AGROVOC partners with the possibility to directly and collaboratively edit the AGROVOC CS. It thus provides the opportunity for direct and open "many-to-many" communication links between communities, avoiding decentralised communication between partners and duplication of effort. For the international community, it may allow users to manage, re-use or extend agriculture-related knowledge for better interoperability and for improved services.
  8. Zeng, M.L.; Fan, W.; Lin, X.: SKOS for an integrated vocabulary structure (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In order to transfer the Chinese Classified Thesaurus (CCT) into a machine-processable format and provide CCT-based Web services, a pilot study has been conducted in which a variety of selected CCT classes and mapped thesaurus entries are encoded with SKOS. OWL and RDFS are also used to encode the same contents for the purposes of feasibility and cost-benefit comparison. CCT is a collected effort led by the National Library of China. It is an integration of the national standards Chinese Library Classification (CLC) 4th edition and Chinese Thesaurus (CT). As a manually created mapping product, CCT provides for each of the classes the corresponding thesaurus terms, and vice versa. The coverage of CCT includes four major clusters: philosophy, social sciences and humanities, natural sciences and technologies, and general works. There are 22 main-classes, 52,992 sub-classes and divisions, 110,837 preferred thesaurus terms, 35,690 entry terms (non-preferred terms), and 59,738 pre-coordinated headings (Chinese Classified Thesaurus, 2005) Major challenges of encoding this large vocabulary comes from its integrated structure. CCT is a result of the combination of two structures (illustrated in Figure 1): a thesaurus that uses ISO-2788 standardized structure and a classification scheme that is basically enumerative, but provides some flexibility for several kinds of synthetic mechanisms Other challenges include the complex relationships caused by differences of granularities of two original schemes and their presentation with various levels of SKOS elements; as well as the diverse coordination of entries due to the use of auxiliary tables and pre-coordinated headings derived from combining classes, subdivisions, and thesaurus terms, which do not correspond to existing unique identifiers. The poster reports the progress, shares the sample SKOS entries, and summarizes problems identified during the SKOS encoding process. Although OWL Lite and OWL Full provide richer expressiveness, the cost-benefit issues and the final purposes of encoding CCT raise questions of using such approaches.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
  9. Semantic Web : Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Semantic Web ist Vision, Konzept und Programm für die nächste Generation des Internets. Semantik ist dabei ein wesentliches Element in der Transformation von Information in Wissen, sei es um eine effizientere Maschine-Maschine-Kommunikation zu ermöglichen oder um Geschäftsprozess-Management, Wissensmanagement und innerbetriebliche Kooperation durch Modellierung zu verbessern. Der Band richtet sich gleichermaßen an ein praxisorientiertes und wissenschaftliches Publikum, das nicht nur aus der technischen Perspektive einen Zugang zum Thema sucht. Der praktische Nutzen wird in der Fülle von Anwendungsbeispielen offensichtlich, in denen semantische Technologien zum Einsatz kommen. Praxisorientierung ist auch das Leitthema der Semantic Web School, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, den Wissenstransfer zu semantischen Technologien anzukurbeln und den interdisziplinären Diskurs über deren Nutzen und Folgen zu intensivieren. Der vorliegende Band vereinigt 33 Beiträge von 57 Autoren aus 35 Institutionen zu einem virulenten und multidisziplinären Thema. Der Band richtet sich gleichermaßen an interessierte Laien und fachfremde Experten, die nicht nur aus der technischen Perspektive einen Zugang zum Thema suchen. Denn obwohl das Thema Semantic Web zu überwiegendem Maße ein technisches ist, sollen hier bewusst jene Aspekte angesprochen werden. die außerhalb einer ingenieurswissenschaftlichen Perspektive von Relevanz sind und vor allem die praktischen Aspekte semantischer Technologien adressieren. Dieser Anforderung wird durch die vielen Praxisbezüge und Anwendungsbeispiele innerhalb der einzelnen Beiträge Rechnung getragen. Hierbei ist es den Herausgebern jedoch wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, das Semantic Web und semantische Technologien nicht als verheißungsvolles Allheilmittel der durch Informationstechnologien heraufbeschworenen Probleme und Herausforderungen zu betrachten. Ganz im Gegenteil plädieren die Herausgeber für eine verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema unter Einbeziehung einer großen Vielfalt an Experten aus den unterschiedlichsten Fachbereichen, die einen reflektierten und kritischen Beitrag zu den positiven und negativen Effekten semantischer Technologien beitragen sollen.
    Content
    Der dritte Teil des Bandes thematisiert die organisationalen Dimensionen des Semantic Web und demonstriert unter dem Stichwort "Wissensmanagement" eine Reihe von Konzepten und Anwendungen im betrieblichen und kollaborativen Umgang mit Information. Der Beitrag von Andreas Blumauer und Thomas Fundneider bietet einen Überblick über den Einsatz semantischer Technologien am Beispiel eines integrierten Wissensmanagement-Systems. Michael John und Jörg Drescher zeichnen den historischen Entwicklungsprozess des IT-Einsatzes für das Management von Informations- und Wissensprozessen im betrieblichen Kontext. Vor dem Hintergrund der betrieblichen Veränderungen durch Globalisierung und angeheizten Wettbewerb zeigt Heiko Beier, welche Rollen, Prozesse und Instrumente in wissensbasierten Organisationen die effiziente Nutzung von Wissen unterstützen. Mit dem Konzept des kollaborativen Wissensmanagement präsentiert das Autorenteam Schmitz et al. einen innovativen WissensmanagementAnsatz auf Peer-to-Peer-Basis mit dem Ziel der kollaborativen Einbindung und Pflege von dezentralisierten Wissensbasen. York Sure und Christoph Tempich demonstrieren anhand der Modellierungsmethode DILIGENT, welchen Beitrag Ontologien bei der Wissensvernetzung in Organisationen leisten können. Hannes Werthner und Michael Borovicka adressieren die Bedeutung semantischer Technologien für eCommerce und demonstrieren am Beispiel HARMONISE deren Einsatz im Bereich des eTourismus. Erweitert wird diese Perspektive durch den Beitrag von Fill et al., in dem das Zusammenspiel zwischen Web-Services und Geschäftsprozessen aus der Perspektive der Wirtschaftsinformatik analysiert wird. Abschließend präsentiert das Autorenteam Angele et al. eine Reihe von realisierten Anwendungen auf Basis semantischer Technologien und identifiziert kritische Faktoren für deren Einsatz.
    Im vierten Teil des Bandes stehen die technischen und infrastrukturellen Aspekte im Mittelpunkt des Interesses, die für den Aufbau und Betrieb semantischer Systeme von Relevanz sind. Wolfgang Kienreich und Markus Strohmaier identifizieren die Wissensmodellierung als Basis für den Einsatz semantischer Technologien für das Knowledge Engineering und stellen zwei grundlegende Modellierungsparadigmen vor. Andreas Koller argumentiert, dass die strukturierte Ablage von Content in Content Management Systemen den Lift-Off des Semantic Web stützen wird und zeigt eine Reihe von einfachen Maßnahmen auf, wie CMS Semantic Web tauglich gemacht werden können. Alois Reitbauer gibt einen leicht verständlichen Überblick über technische Fragestellungen der IT-Integration und demonstriert anhand von Beispielen die Vorteile semantischer Technologien gegenüber konventionellen Methoden. Gerald Reif veranschaulicht die Einsatzgebiete und Leistungsfähigkeit der semantischen Annotation und stellt Tools vor, die den Nutzer bei der Dokumentenverschlagwortung unterstützen. Robert Baumgartner stellt die Funktionsweise von Wrappertechnologien zur Extraktion von Daten aus unstrukturierten Dokumenten vor und demonstriert den Nutzen am Beispiel eines B2B-Szenarios. Michael Granitzer bietet einen Überblick über statistische Verfahren der Textanalyse und zeigt, welchen Beitrag diese zur Wartung von Ontologien leisten können.
    Gerhard Budin geht auf die zentrale Rolle des Terminologiemanagements bei der Ordnung und Intersubjektivierung komplexer Wissensstrukturen ein und gibt Anleitung für die Entwicklung von terminologischen Metamodellen. Marc Ehrig und Rudi Studer thematisieren Prinzipien und Herausforderungen der semantischen Integration von Ontologien zu Zwecken der Herstellung von Interoperabilität von Web Services. Wolfgang May gibt eine Einführung in das Thema Reasoning im und für das Semantic Web und zeigt auf, welche Mechanismen und Konzepte in naher Zukunft für das Semantic Web relevant werden. Abschließend führt die Autorengruppe um Polleres et al. in das junge Thema der semantischen Beschreibung von Web Services ein und adressiert Fragestellungen der Service Komposition und Automatisierung von Geschäftsprozessen. In einem Nachwort widmet sich Rafael Capurro der Frage, wie es in Zeiten eines auftauchenden semantischen Web um die philosophische Hermeneutik bestellt ist. Und er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass das Semantic Web als ein weltpolitisches Projekt verstanden werden sollte, das zu wichtig ist, um es alleine den Technikern oder den Politikern zu überlassen.
  10. Semantic Web services challenge : results from the first year (2009) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Service-Oriented Computing is one of the most promising software engineering trends for future distributed systems. Currently there are many different approaches to semantic web service descriptions and many frameworks built around them. Yet a common understanding, evaluation scheme, and test bed to compare and classify these frameworks in terms of their abilities and shortcomings, is still missing. "Semantic Web Services Challenge" is an edited volume that develops this common understanding of the various technologies intended to facilitate the automation of mediation, choreography and discovery for Web Services using semantic annotations. "Semantic Web Services Challenge" is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry. Professionals can use this book to evaluate SWS technology for their potential practical use. The book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.
  11. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Terminology Web services (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Controlled terminologies such as classification schemes, name authorities, and thesauri have long been the domain of the library and information science community. Although historically there have been initiatives towards library style classification of web resources, there remain significant problems with searching and quality judgement of online content. Terminology services can play a key role in opening up access to these valuable resources. By exposing controlled terminologies via a web service, organisations maintain data integrity and version control, whilst motivating external users to design innovative ways to present and utilise their data. We introduce terminology web services and review work in the area. We describe the approaches taken in establishing application programming interfaces (API) and discuss the comparative benefits of a dedicated terminology web service versus general purpose programming languages. We discuss experiences at Glamorgan in creating terminology web services and associated client interface components, in particular for the archaeology domain in the STAR (Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources) Project.
  12. Semantic search over the Web (2012) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The Web has become the world's largest database, with search being the main tool that allows organizations and individuals to exploit its huge amount of information. Search on the Web has been traditionally based on textual and structural similarities, ignoring to a large degree the semantic dimension, i.e., understanding the meaning of the query and of the document content. Combining search and semantics gives birth to the idea of semantic search. Traditional search engines have already advertised some semantic dimensions. Some of them, for instance, can enhance their generated result sets with documents that are semantically related to the query terms even though they may not include these terms. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the semantic search has not yet reached its full potential. In this book, Roberto De Virgilio, Francesco Guerra and Yannis Velegrakis present an extensive overview of the work done in Semantic Search and other related areas. They explore different technologies and solutions in depth, making their collection a valuable and stimulating reading for both academic and industrial researchers. The book is divided into three parts. The first introduces the readers to the basic notions of the Web of Data. It describes the different kinds of data that exist, their topology, and their storing and indexing techniques. The second part is dedicated to Web Search. It presents different types of search, like the exploratory or the path-oriented, alongside methods for their efficient and effective implementation. Other related topics included in this part are the use of uncertainty in query answering, the exploitation of ontologies, and the use of semantics in mashup design and operation. The focus of the third part is on linked data, and more specifically, on applying ideas originating in recommender systems on linked data management, and on techniques for the efficiently querying answering on linked data.
    Content
    Inhalt: Introduction.- Part I Introduction to Web of Data.- Topology of the Web of Data.- Storing and Indexing Massive RDF Data Sets.- Designing Exploratory Search Applications upon Web Data Sources.- Part II Search over the Web.- Path-oriented Keyword Search query over RDF.- Interactive Query Construction for Keyword Search on the SemanticWeb.- Understanding the Semantics of Keyword Queries on Relational DataWithout Accessing the Instance.- Keyword-Based Search over Semantic Data.- Semantic Link Discovery over Relational Data.- Embracing Uncertainty in Entity Linking.- The Return of the Entity-Relationship Model: Ontological Query Answering.- Linked Data Services and Semantics-enabled Mashup.- Part III Linked Data Search engines.- A Recommender System for Linked Data.- Flint: from Web Pages to Probabilistic Semantic Data.- Searching and Browsing Linked Data with SWSE.
  13. ¬The Semantic Web: latest advances and new domains : 12th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2015 Portoroz, Slovenia, May 31 -- June 4, 2015. Proceedings (2015) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2014, held in Anissaras, Portoroz, Slovenia, in May/June 2015. The 43 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. This program was completed by a demonstration and poster session, in which researchers had the chance to present their latest results and advances in the form of live demos. In addition, the PhD Symposium program included 12 contributions, selected out of 16 submissions. The core tracks of the research conference were complemented with new tracks focusing on linking machine and human computation at web scale (cognition and Semantic Web, Human Computation and Crowdsourcing) beside the following subjects Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, Reasoning, Linked Data, Semantic Web and Web Science, Semantic Data Management, Big data, Scalability, Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval, Machine Learning, Mobile Web, Internet of Things and Semantic Streams, Services, Web APIs and the Web of Things, Cognition and Semantic Web, Human Computation and Crowdsourcing and In-Use Industrial Track as well
  14. Matthews, B.M.: Integration via meaning : using the Semantic Web to deliver Web services (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The major developments ofthe World-Wide Web (WWW) in the last two years have been Web Services and the Semantic Web. The former allows the construction of distributed systems across the WWW by providing a lightweight middleware architecture. The latter provides an infrastructure for accessing resources an the WWW via their relationships with respect to conceptual descriptions. In this paper, I shall review the progress undertaken in each of these two areas. Further, I shall argue that in order for the aims of both the Semantic Web and the Web Services activities to be successful, then the Web Service architecture needs to be augmented by concepts and tools of the Semantic Web. This infrastructure will allow resource discovery, brokering and access to be enabled in a standardised, integrated and interoperable manner. Finally, I survey the CLRC Information Technology R&D programme to show how it is contributing to the development of this future infrastructure.
  15. Metadata and semantics research : 7th Research Conference, MTSR 2013 Thessaloniki, Greece, November 19-22, 2013. Proceedings (2013) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The MTSR 2013 program and the contents of these proceedings show a rich diversity of research and practices, drawing on problems from metadata and semantically focused tools and technologies, linked data, cross-language semantics, ontologies, metadata models, and semantic system and metadata standards. The general session of the conference included 18 papers covering a broad spectrum of topics, proving the interdisciplinary field of metadata, and was divided into three main themes: platforms for research data sets, system architecture and data management; metadata and ontology validation, evaluation, mapping and interoperability; and content management. Metadata as a research topic is maturing, and the conference also supported the following five tracks: Metadata and Semantics for Open Repositories, Research Information Systems and Data Infrastructures; Metadata and Semantics for Cultural Collections and Applications; Metadata and Semantics for Agriculture, Food and Environment; Big Data and Digital Libraries in Health, Science and Technology; and European and National Projects, and Project Networking. Each track had a rich selection of papers, giving broader diversity to MTSR, and enabling deeper exploration of significant topics.
    Date
    17.12.2013 12:51:22
  16. Aslam, S.; Sonkar, S.K.: Semantic Web : an overview (2019) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents the semantic web, web writing content, web technology, goals of semantic and obligation for the expansion of web 3.0. This paper also shows the different components of semantic web and such as HTTP, HTML, XML, XML Schema, URI, RDF, Taxonomy and OWL. To provide valuable information services semantic web execute the benefits of library functions and also to be the best use of library collection are mention here.
  17. Antoniou, G.; Harmelen, F. van: ¬A semantic Web primer (2004) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1132-1133 (H. Che): "The World Wide Web has been the main source of an important shift in the way people communicate with each other, get information, and conduct business. However, most of the current Web content is only suitable for human consumption. The main obstacle to providing better quality of service is that the meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible. The "Semantic Web" is envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee as a logical extension to the current Web that enables explicit representations of term meaning. It aims to bring the Web to its full potential via the exploration of these machine-processable metadata. To fulfill this, it pros ides some meta languages like RDF, OWL, DAML+OIL, and SHOE for expressing knowledge that has clear, unambiguous meanings. The first steps in searing the Semantic Web into the current Web are successfully underway. In the forthcoming years, these efforts still remain highly focused in the research and development community. In the next phase, the Semantic Web will respond more intelligently to user queries. The first chapter gets started with an excellent introduction to the Semantic Web vision. At first, today's Web is introduced, and problems with some current applications like search engines are also covered. Subsequently, knowledge management. business-to-consumer electronic commerce, business-to-business electronic commerce, and personal agents are used as examples to show the potential requirements for the Semantic Web. Next comes the brief description of the underpinning technologies, including metadata, ontology, logic, and agent. The differences between the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence are also discussed in a later subsection. In section 1.4, the famous "laser-cake" diagram is given to show a layered view of the Semantic Web. From chapter 2, the book starts addressing some of the most important technologies for constructing the Semantic Web. In chapter 2, the authors discuss XML and its related technologies such as namespaces, XPath, and XSLT. XML is a simple, very flexible text format which is often used for the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. The W3C has defined various languages on top of XML, such as RDF. Although this chapter is very well planned and written, many details are not included because of the extensiveness of the XML technologies. Many other books on XML provide more comprehensive coverage.
    The next chapter introduces resource description framework (RDF) and RDF schema (RDFS). Unlike XML, RDF provides a foundation for expressing the semantics of dada: it is a standard dada model for machine-processable semantics. Resource description framework schema offers a number of modeling primitives for organizing RDF vocabularies in typed hierarchies. In addition to RDF and RDFS, a query language for RDF, i.e. RQL. is introduced. This chapter and the next chapter are two of the most important chapters in the book. Chapter 4 presents another language called Web Ontology Language (OWL). Because RDFS is quite primitive as a modeling language for the Web, more powerful languages are needed. A richer language. DAML+OIL, is thus proposed as a joint endeavor of the United States and Europe. OWL takes DAML+OIL as the starting point, and aims to be the standardized and broadly accepted ontology language. At the beginning of the chapter, the nontrivial relation with RDF/RDFS is discussed. Then the authors describe the various language elements of OWL in some detail. Moreover, Appendix A contains an abstract OWL syntax. which compresses OWL and makes OWL much easier to read. Chapter 5 covers both monotonic and nonmonotonic rules. Whereas the previous chapter's mainly concentrate on specializations of knowledge representation, this chapter depicts the foundation of knowledge representation and inference. Two examples are also givwn to explain monotonic and non-monotonic rules, respectively. "To get the most out of the chapter. readers had better gain a thorough understanding of predicate logic first. Chapter 6 presents several realistic application scenarios to which the Semantic Web technology can be applied. including horizontal information products at Elsevier, data integration at Audi, skill finding at Swiss Life, a think tank portal at EnerSearch, e-learning. Web services, multimedia collection indexing, online procurement, raid device interoperability. These case studies give us some real feelings about the Semantic Web.
  18. Shoffner, M.; Greenberg, J.; Kramer-Duffield, J.; Woodbury, D.: Web 2.0 semantic systems : collaborative learning in science (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The basic goal of education within a discipline is to transform a novice into an expert. This entails moving the novice toward the "semantic space" that the expert inhabits-the space of concepts, meanings, vocabularies, and other intellectual constructs that comprise the discipline. Metadata is significant to this goal in digitally mediated education environments. Encoding the experts' semantic space not only enables the sharing of semantics among discipline scientists, but also creates an environment that bridges the semantic gap between the common vocabulary of the novice and the granular descriptive language of the seasoned scientist (Greenberg, et al, 2005). Developments underlying the Semantic Web, where vocabularies are formalized in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and Web 2.0 approaches of user-generated folksonomies provide an infrastructure for linking vocabulary systems and promoting group learning via metadata literacy. Group learning is a pedagogical approach to teaching that harnesses the phenomenon of "collective intelligence" to increase learning by means of collaboration. Learning a new semantic system can be daunting for a novice, and yet it is integral to advance one's knowledge in a discipline and retain interest. These ideas are key to the "BOT 2.0: Botany through Web 2.0, the Memex and Social Learning" project (Bot 2.0).72 Bot 2.0 is a collaboration involving the North Carolina Botanical Garden, the UNC SILS Metadata Research center, and the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI). Bot 2.0 presents a curriculum utilizing a memex as a way for students to link and share digital information, working asynchronously in an environment beyond the traditional classroom. Our conception of a memex is not a centralized black box but rather a flexible, distributed framework that uses the most salient and easiest-to-use collaborative platforms (e.g., Facebook, Flickr, wiki and blog technology) for personal information management. By meeting students "where they live" digitally, we hope to attract students to the study of botanical science. A key aspect is to teach students scientific terminology and about the value of metadata, an inherent function in several of the technologies and in the instructional approach we are utilizing. This poster will report on a study examining the value of both folksonomies and taxonomies for post-secondary college students learning plant identification. Our data is drawn from a curriculum involving a virtual independent learning portion and a "BotCamp" weekend at UNC, where students work with digital plan specimens that they have captured. Results provide some insight into the importance of collaboration and shared vocabulary for gaining confidence and for student progression from novice to expert in botany.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
  19. Brunetti, J.M.; Roberto García, R.: User-centered design and evaluation of overview components for semantic data exploration (2014) 0.01 
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    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22
    Source
    Aslib journal of information management. 66(2014) no.5, S.519-536
  20. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M.; Bar-Ilan, J.: Towards maximal unification of semantically diverse ontologies for controversial domains (2014) 0.01 
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    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22
    Source
    Aslib journal of information management. 66(2014) no.5, S.494-518

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