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Abstract

The explosion of the field of molecular biology is paralleled by the growth in usage and acceptance of Webbased genomic and proteomic databases (GPD) such as GenBank and Protein Data Bank in the scholarly communication of scientists. Surveys, case studies, analysis of bibliographic records from Medline and CAPIus, and examination of "Instructions to Authors" sections of molecular biology journals all confirm the integral role of GPD in the scientific literature cycle. Over the past 20 years the place of GPD in the culture of molecular biologists was observed to move from tacit implication to explicit knowledge. Originally journals suggested deposition of data in GDP but by the Iate 1980s, the majority of journals mandated deposition of data for a manuscript to be accepted for publication. A surge subsequently occurred in the number of articles retrievable from Medline and CAPIus using the keyword "GenBank." GPD were not found to a new form of publication, but rather a fundamental storage and retrieval mechanism for vast amounts of molecular biology information that support the creation of scientific intellectual property. For science to continue to advance, scientists unequivocally agreed that GDP must remain free of peer-review and available at no charge to the public. The results suggest that the existing models of scientific communication should be updated to incorporate GDP data deposition into the current continuum of scientific communication.

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Abstract

The literatures of the physical sciences and mathematics are as diverse as the information wants and needs of their users while serving the common purpose of disseminating their research findings. The peer-reviewed journal is the hallmark of scholarly communication for physicists, astronomers, chemists, and mathematicians yet each discipline has its own unique information sharing practices. This entry discusses the information behavior of physical and mathematical scientists and the ways in which their literatures mesh with their distinctive research activities. Although physicists and astronomers were among the earliest adopters of electronic modes of scholarly communication, chemists and mathematicians have been slower to embrace digital information sharing. This entry therefore also considers the influence of electronic distribution of physical science and mathematical information on the ways in which their intended audiences access and manage the plethora of digital resources. Recent initiatives designed to facilitate access to the literatures of physics, astronomy, chemistry, and mathematics are also surveyed.

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