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Source

International information communication and education. 14(1995) no.2, S.178-192

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Abstract

Pictorial image retrieval is analysed as a cognitive process. Such a model could build on the physical paradigm of information science, based on the general model proposed by Shannon and Weaver. Some of the different cognitive approaches which are possible are modeling: a) the communicative interaction, with different possibilities depending on which level of the process the researcher wishes to emphasise; b) the acquisition of image information, attending to the perceptual qualities of images, the recognition of objects, the assigning of meaning and the gestalt process; c) the image retrieval process as a problem solving interaction, where the user solves an informational problem by using metacognitive processes, such as search strategies and translation processes; and d) the translation processes between imagination and conceptual thinking that image retrieval requires. The first has a great theoretical potential to integrate the rest of them. From a general point of view, information retrieval interactions constitute communication processes, where semantic and pragmatic aspects are as important as the transmission of a message. In this context, images and text conform to two distinct forms of communication, deeply rooted in our cognitive system, that produce distinct forms of knowledge. In spite of that, pictorial retrieval requires the involvement of conceptual thinking, requiring some kind of translation between concepts and images on the part of the system, the user or the mediator, that is, the information professional.

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Abstract

A model for analysing multimedia information is proposed from the point of view of the theory of communication. After a brief presentation of the complex map of the sciences that deal with multimedia communication in its different aspects, the current multimedia revolution is historically contextualized as a tendency towards messages that are able to build near-reality experiences (virtual reality). After setting the theoretical point of view, an analysis of multimedia messages is substantiated and a model is presented. The first part of the model deals with the different communications channels and tools: still images, movies, sounds, texts, text with illustrations, audiovisuals and interactive multimedia, with an emphasis in nontextual documents. The second part addresses the global properties of the multimedia message, which are of a textual and metatextual nature. The overlapping of media, channels, genres and messages-and the conscious and technical use of such interactions-is precisely one of the main and outstanding characteristics of the multimedia discourse, and requires specific moves in indexing languages development. The multimedia environment has also a great potential to promote a wider theory of knowledge organization, bringing closer distant fields like scientific and fictional indexing or verbal and image indexing. It is stated that such a unified theory requires a closer attention to the pragmatic aspects of indexing and the inclusion of new semantic layers. A simple indexing model is proposed to illustrate who to address these challenges.

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Abstract

Considers classification in the context of the information retrieval chain, a communication process. Defines classification as an heuristic methodology, which is being improved through scientific methodology. It is also an indexing process, setting each document in a systematic order, in a predictable place and therefore able to be efficiently retrieved. Classification appears to be determined by 4 factors: the structure of the world of documents, a function of the world of knowledge; the classification tools that allow us to codify them; the way in which people create and use classifications; and the features of the information unit

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Date

16. 3.2008 18:22:50