-
Çelebi, A.; Özgür, A.: Segmenting hashtags and analyzing their grammatical structure (2018)
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- Abstract
- Originated as a label to mark specific tweets, hashtags are increasingly used to convey messages that people like to see in the trending hashtags list. Complex noun phrases and even sentences can be turned into a hashtag. Breaking hashtags into their words is a challenging task due to the irregular and compact nature of the language used in Twitter. In this study, we investigate feature-based machine learning and language model (LM)-based approaches for hashtag segmentation. Our results show that LM alone is not successful at segmenting nontrivial hashtags. However, when the N-best LM-based segmentations are incorporated as features into the feature-based approach, along with context-based features proposed in this study, state-of-the-art results in hashtag segmentation are achieved. In addition, we provide an analysis of over two million distinct hashtags, autosegmented by using our best configuration. The analysis reveals that half of all 60 million hashtag occurrences contain multiple words and 80% of sentiment is trapped inside multiword hashtags, justifying the need for hashtag segmentation. Furthermore, we analyze the grammatical structure of hashtags by parsing them and observe that 77% of the hashtags are noun-based, whereas 11.9% are verb-based.
-
Baker, T.; Dekkers, M.: Identifying metadata elements with URIs : The CORES resolution (2003)
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- Abstract
- On 18 November 2002, at a meeting organised by the CORES Project (Information Society Technologies Programme, European Union), several organisations regarded as maintenance authorities for metadata elements achieved consensus on a resolution to assign Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to metadata elements as a useful first step towards the development of mapping infrastructures and interoperability services. The signatories of the CORES Resolution agreed to promote this consensus in their communities and beyond and to implement an action plan in the following six months. Six months having passed, the maintainers of GILS, ONIX, MARC 21, CERIF, DOI, IEEE/LOM, and Dublin Core report on their implementations of the resolution and highlight issues of relevance to establishing good-practice conventions for declaring, identifying, and maintaining metadata elements more generally. In June 2003, the resolution was also endorsed by the maintainers of UNIMARC. The "Resolution on Metadata Element Identifiers", or CORES Resolution, is an agreement among the maintenance organisations for several major metadata standards - GILS, ONIX, MARC 21, UNIMARC, CERIF, DOI®, IEEE/LOM, and Dublin Core - to identify their metadata elements using Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). The Uniform Resource Identifier, defined in the IETF RFC 2396 as "a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource", has been promoted for use as a universal form of identification by the World Wide Web Consortium. The CORES Resolution, formulated at a meeting organised by the European project CORES in November 2002, included a commitment to publicise the consensus statement to a wider audience of metadata standards initiatives and to implement key points of the agreement within the following six months - specifically, to define URI assignment mechanisms, assign URIs to elements, and formulate policies for the persistence of those URIs. This article marks the passage of six months by reporting on progress made in implementing this common action plan. After presenting the text of the CORES Resolution and its three "clarifications", the article summarises the position of each signatory organisation towards assigning URIs to its metadata elements, noting any practical or strategic problems that may have emerged. These progress reports were based on input from Thomas Baker, José Borbinha, Eliot Christian, Erik Duval, Keith Jeffery, Rebecca Guenther, and Norman Paskin. The article closes with a few general observations about these first steps towards the clarification of shared conventions for the identification of metadata elements and perhaps, one can hope, towards the ultimate goal of improving interoperability among a diversity of metadata communities.
-
White, H.: Examining scientific vocabulary : mapping controlled vocabularies with free text keywords (2013)
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- Date
- 29. 5.2015 19:09:22
-
Wolfekuhler, M.R.; Punch, W.F.: Finding salient features for personal Web pages categories (1997)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1147-1156
-
Jimenez, V.O.R.: Nuevas perspectivas para la catalogacion : metadatos ver MARC (1999)
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- Date
- 30. 3.2002 19:45:22
- Source
- Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.2, S.198-219
-
Andresen, L.: Metadata in Denmark (2000)
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- Date
- 16. 7.2000 20:58:22
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Granger, S.: Metadata and digital preservation : a plea for cross-interest collaboration (2000)
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- Source
- Vine. 2000, no.117, S.24-29
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Siripan, P.: Metadata and trends of cataloguing in Thai libraries (2000)
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- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 29(2000) no.2, S.33-35
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Moen, W.E.: ¬The metadata approach to accessing government information (2001)
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- Date
- 28. 3.2002 9:22:34
-
Turner, J.M.: ¬The organization of moving-image metadata : a research agenda (1997)
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- Date
- 3. 1.1999 12:29:24
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Hengel-Dittrich, C.: Im Kern einig: Dublin Core auf dem Wege zum weltweiten Standard : 7. Dublin Core Workshop in Frankfurt am Main (1999)
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- Date
- 26.12.1999 20:08:29
-
Tennis, J.T.: 6th Annual Open Forum on Metadata Registries : Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, Jan 20-24, 2003 (2002)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization. 29(2002) nos.3/4, S.234-235
-
Schottlaender, B.E.C.: Why metadata? Why now? Why me? (2003)
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- Date
- 30. 7.2006 14:34:29
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- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 36(2003) nos.3/4, S.19-29
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Caplan, P.; Guenther, R.: Metadata for Internet resources : the Dublin Core Metadata Elements Set and its mapping to USMARC (1996)
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- 13. 1.2007 18:31:22
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- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) nos.3/4, S.43-58
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Tennant, R.: ¬A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the twenty-first century (2004)
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- Date
- 9.12.2005 19:22:38
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- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.2, S.175-181
-
Frodl, C.: International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications (2007)
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- Dialog mit Bibliotheken. 19(2007) H.1, S.29-32
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Hoffmann, L.: Metadaten von Internetressourcen und ihre Integrierung in Bibliothekskataloge (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 5.1998 18:45:36
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Essen, F. von: Metadaten - neue Perspektiven für die Erschließung von Netzpublikationen in Bibliotheken : Erster META-LIB-Workshop in Göttingen (1998)
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- Content
- Bericht über den Workshop, der am 22. u. 23.6.98 in der SUB Göttingen stattfand
-
Kopácsi, S. et al.: Development of a classification server to support metadata harmonization in a long term preservation system (2016)
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- Source
- Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
-
Hajra, A. et al.: Enriching scientific publications from LOD repositories through word embeddings approach (2016)
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- Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
