Search (19 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Berichte zu: 8th Biennal Conference of the French Chapter of ISKO - Call for Papers - CALL FOR PAPERS: Classification & Ontology, The Hague 19-20 September 2011 - 10th Conference of the ISKO Spanish Chapter, Ferrol, 30 June - 1 July, 2011

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Abstract

Work centered design of classification schemes is an emerging area of research which poses particular challenges to domain analysis and scheme construction. A key challenge in work centered design of classification schemes is the evolving semantics of work. This article introduces a work centered approach to the design of classification schemes, based an the framework of cognitive work analysis. We launch collaborative task situations as a new unit of analysis for capturing evolving semantic structures in work domains. An example case from a cognitive work analysis of three national film research archives illustrates the application of the framework for identifying actors' needs for a classification scheme to support collaborative knowledge integration. It is concluded that a main contribution of the new approach is support for empirical analysis and overall design of classification schemes that can serve as material interfaces for actors' negotiations and integration of knowledge perspectives during collaborative work.

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Abstract

This paper introduces the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) digital library and describes the pedagogical nature of the resources that make up this library for educators. Because resources in this library are stored in the form of metadata records, the utility of the metadata scheme, its elements and its relationships is central to the ability of the library to address the pedagogical needs of instructors in the work domain of the classroom. The analytic framework provided by cognitive work analysis (CWA) is proposed as an innovative approach for evaluating the effectiveness of the JiTT metadata scheme. CWA is also discussed as an approach to assessing the ability of this extensive networked library to create a common digital environment that fosters cooperation and collaboration among instructors.

Source

Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

Recently, a new book on knowledge organization has been published by Greenwood Press. The title is 'Information seeking and subject representation: an activity-theoretical approach to information science'. This book presents a new general theory for information science and knowledge organization, based on a theory of information seeking. The author is Dr. Birger Hjørland, Royal School of Library and Information Science. In 1994, he presented his work on theory for KO at the 3rd International ISKO conference in Copenhagen. The book aims to provide both a new understanding for the foundations of information science and knowledge organization, and to provide new directions in research and teaching within these fields. KO (Hanne Albrechtsen) has interviewed Birger HjÝrland in Copenhagen about his views on knowledge organization and subject representation

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Abstract

Discusses the nature of subject analysis, suggesting three different conceptions of this: simplistic, content-oriented, and requirement-oriented, considering the type of subject information and indexing method appropriate for each

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Abstract

Collaborative integration of knowledge in distributed and cross-disciplinary work domains poses a number of challenges to classification, comprising: 1) how to analyze the actors' current practice of integration of knowledge and 2) how to model consistent semantic support of diverse interpretive perspectives among the actors. This paper introduces a cognitive systems engineering approach to modelling collaborative integration of knowledge in work domains. A generic means-ends model provides a theoretical foundation for mapping the territory of collaborative work. A decision task model captures the actors' distributed decision-making in integration of knowledge. The problem of collaborative integration of knowledge in a distributed web-based film collaboratory is explored through an empirical case of collaborative film indexing. The empirical study identified a lack of tools for consistent support of integration of knowledge. The means-ends model and the decision task model guided the design of a conceptual structure of the common workspace of film indexing. The paper concludes with a proposal for further work an models for integration of knowledge through ecological classification schemes. 1. Introduction Current work practice and knowledge production to an increasing degree involves actors from different disciplines, cultures and organisations. Additionally, current work practice not only relies an authoritative orderings of knowledge, but also relies an the dynamism of the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, i.e. their shared interpretations of knowledge, exchange of perspectives and joint knowledge production. Consequently, in order to support the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, the design of support tools, like classification schemes, must address not only the order of knowledge, but also the situational contexts where collaborative integration of knowledge occurs. This paper introduces an ecological approach to integration of knowledge across boundaries in distributed collaboratory work environments, which is founded an (a) work domain analysis (b) the development of models for collaborative integration of knowledge. The work domain analysis is based an means-ends analysis of the territory of work and the actors' information needs during decision making. The result is conceptual structures of collaborative work that can be used to create collaborative classification schemes. Previous work an design of ecological classification schemes proposed that such schemes should be based an a finegrained empirical analysis of actors' collaborative decision tasks in order to identify the knowledge produced and needed by the actors (Pejtersen & Albrechtsen, 2000).

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

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Abstract

This paper introduces a new approach to the design of classification schemes for complex work domains to help structure the knowledge domains in databases for single users and multiple users in co-operative work. Ecological work based classification schemes are designed on the basis of an empirical analysis of the invariant structures of the work domain and of the information needs of its actors. Invariant structures of a work domain can be explicit or implicit (hidden structures). The invariant structures are identified through empirical analysis of field studies in work domains, guided by the use of a means ends abstraction hierarchy. This hierarchy provides a model for analyzing, or-ganizing and relating different levels of properties within a work domain. The resulting structure is an ecological classification scheme, comprising the different dimensions or categories of domain information that needs to be available for an actor to make a decision. Contrary to traditional classification systems which usually are designed from one particular point of view (a single discipline, paradigm or purpose), ecological classification schemes provide a transparent and structured information environment in which actors can navigate freely according to their current perspectives of work and subjective preferences

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Abstract

This paper takes a second look at three prevailing main themes in knowledge organization: i) the academic disciplines as the main structural principle; ii) the fiction/non-fiction distinction; and iii) the appropriate unit of analysis in online retrieval systems. The history and origin of bibliographic classification [Dewey, Bliss, Mills, Beghtol] are discussed from the perspective of pragmatist philosophy and social studies of science [Kuhn, Merton, Reich]. Choices of structural principles in different schemes are found to rely on more or less implicit philosophical foundations, ranging from rationalism to pragmatism. It is further shown how the increasing application of faceted structures as basic structural principles in universal classification schemes [DDC, UDC] impose rationalistic principles and structures for knowledge organization which are not in alignment with the development of knowledge in the covered disciplines. Further evidence of rationalism in knowledge organization is the fiction/non-fiction distinction, excluding the important role of artistic resources for, in particular, humanistic research. Finally, for the analysis of appropriate bibliographic unit, it is argued that there is a need to shift towards a semiotic approach, founded on an understanding of intertextuality, rather than applying standard principles of hierarchical decomposition of documents. It is concluded that a change in classification research is needed, founded on a more historical and social understanding of knowledge

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Abstract

The paper presents a qualitative empirical evaluation of the Collate collaboratory, with special emphasis on management of knowledge integration and categorical complexity. The empirical evaluation of the Collate collaboratory was conducted in an evaluation workshop where professionals from the archives collaborated an co-creation of film censorship history, interacted with prototypes and discussed the use problems with the evaluators. The collaboratory features two distinct modules for management of knowledge integration in the common workspace, through annotation and indexing of documents. The empirical evaluation indicates that the deeper semantics of knowledge integration evolves in collaborative task situations, where the work processes of annotation and indexing are inexorably linked in the professionals' collaborative decision-making, and that there is a need for a consistent and uniform semantic support of management of knowledge integration in the collaboratory.

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Content

"ISKO-France, Chapter Report The French Chapter gathered more than 80 participants to its bi-annual conference last year, April 2005. The theme of the Conference was: "Knowledge Organization and User-Oriented Strategic Watch Information Systems: Strategic Watch and Economic Intelligence Contexts". The conference was chaired par Prof. Amos David from the University of Nancy. The General Assembly was convened on this occasion and a new ISKO-France President was elected, Prof. Stéphane Chaudiron, University of Lille 3, a vice-President for communication and relations with International ISKO, Dr. Widad Mustafa El Hadi. A new Executive Board (EB) was elected: the new Secretary is Dr. Sahbi Sihdhom University of Nancy; Ms. Sylvie Dalbin, Assistance Techniques documentaires, Paris, is our new treasurer. Other members of the EB : Prof. Amos David, University of Nancy; Dr. Ismail Timimi, University of Lille 3, two members from the ENSSIB, that is the National School of Information and Library Science: Prof. Jean-Paul Metgzer, the former ISKO-France President and Dr. Omar Larouk. The French Chapter co-organized "la semaine de la connaissance" "Knowledge Week" on the 26`h June to the 30`5. The Knowledge Week was a gathering of all French societies dealing with Knowledge and KO issues. ISKO-France gathered about 46, almost half of the participants attended our specific ISKOFrance Day, i.e. Monday the 26`h. The invited Talk was given by a member of our Chapter, i.e. Prof. Viviane Couzinet, University of Toulouse. The Invited talk addressed at the opening session the whole Conference. The 6th ISKO-France conference will be conducted in Toulouse on the 14-16 of June 2007: the theme of the conference is Knowledge Organization in the In formation Society (Organisation des connaissances et les sociétés du savoir). This is a free translation to English since the French language has two labels for the concept of "Knowledge": 'connaissance' and 'Savoir'. The Conference and Programme Chair will be Prof. Vivaine Couzinet. The Chair of Organizing Committee will be Caroline Courbieres, University of Toulouse. The detailed Call for papers together with the Programme and Organizing Committees will be released shortly. - Widad all Mustafa.
ISKO Activities in Poland In May 2006, Prof. Wieslaw Babik was elected ISKO Coordinator in Poland. ISKO has nine members in Poland. The majority of them are associated with the Institute of Information and Book Studies of the Warsaw University. In 1995, the Polish Chapter of ISKO organized an international seminar in Warsaw dedicated to the Compatibility and Integration of Order Systems. The seminar proceedings have been pub lished. The new ISKO Coordinator in Poland intends to increase the activity of the current members in various fields of ISKO operations through: - Promotion of ISKO in Polish scientific periodicals to enlarge membership; - Development of the "ISKO in Poland" website (a page on the Institute's website) by students, with links to other educational institutions and professional societies; - Organization of an international ISKO conference in Krakow in 2010; - Promotion of the Knowledge Organization, with publication of articles by Polish scholars; - Regular development of Polish literature on the Knowledge Organization by placement of publications in the "KO Literature" (Ed. by G. Riesthuis); - Preparation of relevant information for the ISKO News; - Collaboration between the Polish ISKO and the Polish Librarians' Association, the Polish Society of Scientific Information, the International Specialized Terminology Organization etc.; - Development of an information center for information-terminology-knowledge organization and management, with a special collection of ISKO books and periodicals (as a deposit of the Polish ISKO) at the Department of Information Management, Institute of Information and Library Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow); and, - Promotion of research activities in the theory and practice of terminology-information-knowledge organization and management. In addition, the Polish ISKO plans to disseminate the ISKO ideas in the Polish journals dedicated to scientific information and library science, as well as to open a discussion list on the subject. Presently, the most important forum of mutual contacts between the members is the Internet, which allows to develop a specific virtual community. The community is bound by the distribution of irregular e-mails with the ISKO in Poland News on the activities conducted by the ISKO Coordinators in Poland. - Wieslaw Babik.
German ISKO The German ISKO held its 10th conference in Vienna from July 3rd to 5th 2006-just before the International ISKO Conference. Main themes were Compatibility and Heterogeneity, Ethics and Future of Knowledge Organization. The program contained some English lessons and a tutorial on Ontologies. The German proceedings (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation 10) will be published in 2007 by Ergon together with some remaining papers of the international conference. The next German conference will be held in November 2007 in Konstanz with a focus on sustainability. Jörn Sieglerschmidt will be the local organizer 2007 as well as the new German ISKO treasurer. - H. Peter OHLY Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, 28 (2006) The next issue of Extensions and Corrections (E&C), to be published by the end of 2006, will bring to the UDC community important revisions and additions to the schedule, notably an extensive revision of parts of the Area Table concerning some countries of east and southeast Asia and Africa, and the expansion of Class 2 for Islam, which provides a very rich structure and vocabulary for one of the main religions of the world, thus enhancing UDC in an important subject area of worldwide application. Through the contribution of VINITI's collaborators, it was also possible to advance revision work in the areas of Mathematics and Physics, also published in this vol ume. The ongoing work on a proposal for the revision of Class 61 Medicine continued to receive the expert attention of Professor Nancy Williamson, and this year a proposal for the digestive system is included in E&C. Finally, An Extended Table of Common Auxiliaries (Except Place), compiled by G. Robinson, is presented as a special Annex. Although this is not part of the UDC Master Reference File, it is intended as an authoritative source of all that is currently valid in Tables 1a to 1d and 1f to 1k, and including details from older editions, at the 'full' level, that have never been cancelled. This comes in the same line as the Extended Place Table (Table le) published last year, together with Extensions and Corrections 27 (2005). Additionally this issue will feature a set of articles of interest to classification experts and users. Topics include: an exploration in mapping the UDC to DDC, interfaces to classification and UDC application in online catalogs and information on a new editorial support system being developed for UDC.
Information Access for the Global Community: an International Seminar on the Universal Decimal Classification.--UDC Seminar 4 and 5 June 2007 A two day International Seminar will be held at the UDC Headquarters in The Hague, exploring latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. There will be an international panel of speakers and presentations by members of the UDC Consortium. The goal of this Seminar is to bring together UDC publishers, information management practitioners and researchers from both the standards industry and institutions and projects. The Seminar will be a unique opportunity to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of UDC management and use. The themes to be addressed include: current situation and future prospects of UDC, its role in bibliographic control, innovative applications, publishers and their products, and training and research. The venue is the Koninklijke Bibliotheek/National Library of the Netherlands, Prins Willem-Alexanderhof 5, Den Haag."

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Abstract

This article is a programmatic article, which formulates a new approach to information science (IS): domain analysis. This approach states that the most fruitful horizon for IS is to study the knowledge-domains as thought or discourse communities, which are parts of society's division of labor. The article is also a review article, providing a multidisciplinary description of research, illuminating this theoretical view. The first section presents contemporary research in IS, sharing the fundamental viewpoint that IS should be seen as a social rather than as a purely mental discipline. In addition, important predecessors to this view are mentioned and the possibilities as well as the limitations of their approaches are discussed. The second section describes recent transdisciplinary tendencies in the understanding of knowledge. In bordering disciplines to IS, such as educational research, psychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of science, an important new view of knowledge is appearing in the 1990s. This new view of knowledge stresses the social ecological, and content-oriented nature of knowledge. This is opposed to the more formal, computer-like approaches that dominated in the 1980s. The third section compares domain-analysis to other major approaches in IS, such as the cognitive approach. The final section outlines important problems to be investigates, such as how different knowledge-doamins affect the informational value of different subject access points in databases

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.6, S.400-425

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Abstract

In information science, classification systems are conventionally viewed as tools for representing knowledge in the universe of ideas, the human mind, or one or more sets of documents. In this view, developing and maintaining relationships and structures in classification schemes must primarily consider two abstract ingredients: i) a set of concepts for one or more domains; and ii) a (set of) unambiguous structure(s) to articulate the relationships that persist between the various concepts that comprise the classificatory structure. We contend that design decisions pertaining to the structure of a classification system consist of far more than simply creating links between the elements in a particular set of concepts. Ultimately, a simplistic tool view of classifications implies that the construction is little more than a technical task in a very narrow sense: that classificatory concepts are viewed as standard representations of what are assumed to be the central and/or important topics in the knowledge domain(s), and that there is i) an unambiguous Platonic ideal or universal consensus that determines how the links will be generated within a classificatory structure; or, conversely, ii) that there are no general structures and relationships available at all, but that only diverse individual knowledge structures exist, which cannot be reconciled into a general organization of knowledge

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The notion of the classification scheme as a transitional element or "boundary object" (Star, 1989) offers an alternative to the more traditional approach that views classification as an organizational structure imposed upon a body of knowledge to facilitate access within a universal and frequently static framework. Recognition of the underlying relationship between user access and the collective knowledge structures that are the basis for knowledge production indicates the dynamic role of classification in supporting coherence and articulation across heterogeneous contexts. To this end, it is argued that the library should be an active participant in the production of knowledge, and that this role can be effected by the development of classificatory structures that can support the needs of a diverse information ecology consisting of a complex web of interacting agents, users, and technologies. Within such an information ecology, a classificatory structure cannot follow a one-size-fits-all paradigm but must evolve in cooperative interaction between librarians and their user groups.

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"3rd ISKO Italy-UniMIB Meeting: Report More than 40 people attended the 3rd ISKO Italy meeting, again organized thanks to cooperation with the University of Milano Bicocca Library, despite a railway strike which impeded some planned speakers (Luca Rosati, Federica Paradisi, Cristiana Bettella) from reaching the venue. In the annual report on ISKO Italy activities and contacts, Claudio Gnoli announced that the 2010 international ISKO conference will be hosted in Rome, an organizing committee chaired by Fulvio Mazzocchi having just been constituted. The morning had an international flavour, as it was reconnected to the trends observed by Mela Bosch at the ISKO Spain conference recently held in Leon, showing an increase in the hermeneutic approach over the heuristic one, and especially to the Leon manifesto (http://www.iskoi.org/ ilc/leon.htm). This was promoted by Rick Szostak in his guest keynote address, concerning his proposal of non-disciplinary classification based on phenomena, theories, and methods. Melissa Tiberi and Barbara De Santis developed on their current research concerning semantics problems in equivalence relationships, and Cristiana Bettella (whose introduction was read by Caterina Barazia) on her one about humanistic knowledge, focusing on the double role played in it by the researcher. The afternoon was devoted to KO applications, starting with the experience of two university libraries (Milan Bicocca and Turin), with contribution of a third one in the discussion (Milan 1), in the use of KOSs to organize digital resources and links in the university web-space. Two emerging, promising domains of KO application were introduced by Paolo Franzese: semantic indexing of institutional archives, and by the DesignNet team: information visualization, exemplified in an impressive solution for thesauri. Finally, Andrea Marchitelli discussed hybridizations of social tagging and blogging with opacs, and Jiri Pika showed UDC-based search techniques in a Swiss multilingual OPAC. Presentations, abstracts, and photos will be progressively available from the event webpage (http://www.iskoi.org/doc/milano07.htm). - Claudio Gnoli.
Presentations and abstracts from the UDC Seminar (4-5 June 2007) The files of the presentations and abstract of talks given at the UDC Seminar, held in The Hague on 4-5 June 2007 are now available from http://www. udcc.org/seminar2007.htm. The event was entitled "Information Access for the Global community" and its aim was to explore the latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. The Seminar brought together UDC publishers, editors of the scheme, and UDC users, and offered an opportunity for information exchange and discussion of future developments. There were around seventy participants from over thirty countries including librarians, subject specialists, editors of national editions of the scheme, university lecturers, researchers and LIS students. The conference programme included eleven invited talks on the topics of user experiences and applications, innovative approaches in UDC use and UDC education and training (for the programme, talk abstracts, presentations, see: http:// www.udcc.org/seminar07/programme.htm). Papers will be published in the forthcoming issue of Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, in November 2007. The UDC Consortium announced that this successful seminar would be the first in the series of similar events it plans to organize in the future. - Aida Slavic."