-
Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- A native of Germany and a former teacher of languages and music, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927) came to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum to be its librarian in 1896. Faced with the problem of making "information" accessible, he developed a method of indexing he called systematic indexing. The first draft of his scheme, published in 1896-97, was an important landmark in the history of subject analysis. R. K. Olding credits Kaiser with making the greatest single advance in indexing theory since Charles A. Cutter and John Metcalfe eulogizes him by observing that "in sheer capacity for really scientific and logical thinking, Kaiser's was probably the best mind that has ever applied itself to subject indexing." Kaiser was an admirer of "system." By systematic indexing he meant indicating information not with natural language expressions as, for instance, Cutter had advocated, but with artificial expressions constructed according to formulas. Kaiser grudged natural language its approximateness, its vagaries, and its ambiguities. The formulas he introduced were to provide a "machinery for regularising or standardising language" (paragraph 67). Kaiser recognized three categories or "facets" of index terms: (1) terms of concretes, representing things, real or imaginary (e.g., money, machines); (2) terms of processes, representing either conditions attaching to things or their actions (e.g., trade, manufacture); and (3) terms of localities, representing, for the most part, countries (e.g., France, South Africa). Expressions in Kaiser's index language were called statements. Statements consisted of sequences of terms, the syntax of which was prescribed by formula. These formulas specified sequences of terms by reference to category types. Only three citation orders were permitted: a term in the concrete category followed by one in the process category (e.g., Wool-Scouring); (2) a country term followed by a process term (e.g., Brazil - Education); and (3) a concrete term followed by a country term, followed by a process term (e.g., Nitrate-Chile-Trade). Kaiser's system was a precursor of two of the most significant developments in twentieth-century approaches to subject access-the special purpose use of language for indexing, thus the concept of index language, which was to emerge as a generative idea at the time of the second Cranfield experiment (1966) and the use of facets to categorize subject indicators, which was to become the characterizing feature of analytico-synthetic indexing methods such as the Colon classification. In addition to its visionary quality, Kaiser's work is notable for its meticulousness and honesty, as can be seen, for instance, in his observations about the difficulties in facet definition.
-
Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997)
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- Source
- International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15
-
Broughton, V.: Henry Evelyn Bliss : the other immortal or a prophet without honour? (2008)
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- Abstract
- The paper takes a retrospective look at the work of Henry Evelyn Bliss, classificationist theorist and author of the Bibliographic Classification. Major features of his writings and philosophy are examined and evaluated for the originality of their contribution to the corpus of knowledge in the discipline. Reactions to Bliss's work are analysed, as is his influence on classification theory of the 20th century. Contemporary work on knowledge organization is seen to continue a number of strands from Bliss's original writings. His standing as a classificationist is compared with that of Ranganathan, with the conclusion that he is not given the credit he deserves.
- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
-
Heuvel, C. van den: Multidimensional classifications : past and future conceptualizations and visualizations (2012)
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- Abstract
- This paper maps the concepts "space" and "dimensionality" in classifications, in particular in visualizations hereof, from a historical perspective. After a historical excursion in the domain of classification theory of what in mathematics is known as dimensionality reduction in representations of a single universe of knowledge, its potentiality will be explored for information retrieval and navigation in the multiverse of the World Wide Web.
- Date
- 22. 2.2013 11:31:25
-
Barat, A.H.: Hungarians in the history of the UDC (2014)
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- Abstract
- I outline a major segment of the history of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in Hungary and all related important events and activities. Significant and committed specialists who played prominent role on a national and international level are also mentioned. It's not an overstatement, that the usage and publications of the UDC in Hungary are significant milestones in the international history of UDC. The usage of UDC has been very widespread and it is found in different types of libraries. People who were responsible for the developing of information retrieval systems and quality of these methods were very engaged and participated in international activities. There were several huge libraries such as special, academic, municipal and national library where UDC has been employed since quite early on and the leaders of these pioneer libraries travelled widely and were active in international researches and practices.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Wellisch, H.H.: Organisatorische Neuordnung des DK-Systems (1971)
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- Source
- Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63
-
Dousa, T.M.: ¬The simple and the complex in E. C. Richardson's theory of classification : observations on an early KO model of the relationship between ontology and epistemology (2010)
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- Abstract
- In light of ongoing debates about ontological vs. epistemological approaches to knowledge organization (KO), this paper examines E. C. Richardson's treatment of ontology and epistemology in his theory of classification. According to Richardson, there is a natural order of things in the world accessible to human cognition, which may be expressed in two classificatory orders: evolutionary classification, which ranges classes of things from the most simple to the most complex, and logical classification, which ranges classes of things in the inverse order, from the most complex to the most simple. Evolutionary classification reflects ontological order and logical classification reflects epistemological order: both are faces of a single natural order. Such a view requires adherence to a representationalist, or, in Hjorland's (2008) terms, positivist understanding of epistemology, wherein human knowledge faithfully mirrors the structure of the external world. Richardson's harmonization of ontology and epistemology will find little favor among proponents of the currently fashionable pragmatist approach to KO. Nevertheless, it constitutes an early version of what Gnoli (2004) terms a naturalistic epistemology, which, once deepened and clarified, offers the best prospects for an explicit expression of both the ontological and epistemological dimensions of knowledge within a single classification of general scope.
- Pages
- S.15-22
-
Satija, M.P.: Abridged Dewey-15 (2012) in historical perspectives (2012)
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- Abstract
- The origin of the abridged edition of the Dewey system goes back to 1894 when an outline of 192 pages based on the full 5th Edition (1894) was issued for small public and school libraries of North America. New editions have appeared regularly following closely the publication of new full editions. An abridged version, which is always in one volume, comprises an introduction, schedules, four tables (namely 1, 2, 3 and 4) only, and the relative index and other minor features of the full edition, and has shorter numbers. Abridged 15 is a logical abridgement of the DDC23 (2011) and is a product of a new approach to development of an abridged edition of the DDC. Its content has been derived from the DDC database applying a set of rules to extract the edition using the new (2010) version of the editorial support system. The revision process has been informed by interaction with an always widening and diversified Dewey community at home and abroad. It aims to improve the currency of the schedules continuing to serve as shelving tool while recognizing its 'other' uses as a spinoff of its simplicity and inexpensiveness.
- Date
- 3. 3.2016 18:59:22
-
Dewey, M.: Decimal classification beginnings (1990)
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- Date
- 25.12.1995 22:28:43
-
Brown, J.D.; Stewart, J.D.: Subject classification (1939)
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- Footnote
- 2nd ed.: ... with tables, indexes etc. for the subdivision of subjects. London 1914
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Library classification through a century (1965)
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- Abstract
- The progress in the first century of the classification era is traced in the three majot perios: pre-facet, transition-to-facet, and facet period. The facet-period is divided into the restricted facet formula, generilised facet formula periods and the two relativity periods - viz. Dorking and Elsinore periods. For each of the six resulting periods, the chief achievements in library classification and the social factors leading to them are mentioned. The achievements of the Dorking period just ending are described in greater detail. The follows the programme of research work for the Elsinore period of 1965 to 1975. A programme for fundamental research in the idea, verbal, and notational planes is chalked out. Then follows the programme for routine research in the building of schedules of common isolates, whcih is a back log from the Dorking period, and in the new area of the design and building of schedules for the depth classification of diverse subjects, needed for documentation work and service. Lastly, the organization suitable to carry out the programme is outlined
-
Kyle, B.: ¬The Universal Decimal Classification : a study of the present position and future developments (1961)
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- Source
- Unesco bulletin for libraries. 15(1961) No.2, S.53-69
-
Maltby, A.: Sayers' manual of classification for librarians (1978)
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-
Lawson, D.: You've come a long way, Dewey! (2001)
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- Object
- Dewey for Windows
-
Sveistrup, H.: ¬Der neue Realkatalog der SUB Hamburg (1947)
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- Source
- Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946
-
Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997)
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- Abstract
- The ideas and practices embraced by the term documentation introduced by Paul Otlet and his colleagues to describe the work of the International Institute of Bibliography (later FID) that they set up in Brussels in 1895, constituted a new discursive formation. The key concepts for information science were implicit in and operationalized by what was created within the International Institute of Bibliography in 1895 and the decades that followed. Important aspects of the origins of information science were contained within or became an extension of the discursive format labelled documentation
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.4, S.289-300
-
Coleman, A.S.: ¬A code for classifiers : whatever happened to Merrill's code? (2004)
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- Abstract
- The work titled Code for CIassifiers by William Stetson Merrill is examined. The development of Merrill's Code over a period of 27 years, 1912-1939 is traced by examining bibliographic, attribution, conceptual and contextual differentes. The general principles advocated, the differentes between variants, and three controversial features of the Code: 1) the distinction between classifying vs. classification, 2) borrowing of the bibliographic principle of authorial intention, and 3) use of Dewey Decimal class numbers for classified sequence of topics, are also discussed. The paper reveals the importance of the Code in its own time, the complexities of its presentation and assessment by its contemporaries, and it's status today.
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Hansson, J.: Why public libraries in Sweden did not choose Dewey (1997)
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- Abstract
- The article identifies 2 distinct sections, one within the public library sphere and one in academic libraries, relevant for the development of a unique Swedish classification system (the SAB-system) to be used in public libraries. These are used to analyse the social and discursive influences that led to a rejection of the DDC as the common classification system for the public libraries in Sweden. The author analyses the debate that took place in the 1910s in various publications and idetifies theoretical as well as some practical reasons for rejecting the DDC. Reference is also made to the situation in Norway and Denmark at this time and their attempts to influence Sweden to accept the DDC as had been done in these countries. Conclusions are drawn that the reasons for rejection of the DDC not only is to be sought in theoretical or even practical problems regarding the system itself but in the academic library sector which, through the SAB-system, could create a lasting influence on the knowledge organisation in public libraries in order to uphold the national identity of thre Swedish library system
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Miksa, F.L.: ¬The concept of the universe of knowledge and the purpose of LIS classification (1992)
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- Abstract
- The concept of the universe of knowledge is traced from the nineteenth century in terms of its relationship to the purpose of LIS classification. Of two original purposes, book retrieval became predominant by the twentieth century and this has required, in turn, a complex rendering of the concept. Alternative purposes for LIS classification are afterward explored and speculations as to their effect on the concept of the universe of knowledge are provided
- Source
- Classification research for knowledge representation and organization. Proc. 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991. Ed. by N.J. Williamson u. M. Hudon
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Tsioli, M.; Corsini, S.: Indexation livres anciens Brunet-Parguez (1994)
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- Abstract
- Report of 2 study days held in Toulouse in Feb 94 by LIBER to discuss applications to date of the SIBIL version of the Brunet-Parguez classification scheme for computerized indexing of books published before 1800, first introduced in 1987. The scheme is an adaptation by Guy Parguez of the 19th century Brunet system. Paricipants were overall satisfied with the basic structure, and agreed plans for further developments, including a new edition of the table, expansion of coverage, and translation
