Search (971 results, page 1 of 49)

0.08912055 = product of:
  0.1782411 = sum of:
    0.01841403 = weight(_text_:for in 5519) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01841403 = score(doc=5519,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.20744109 = fieldWeight in 5519, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5519)
    0.15982707 = weight(_text_:computing in 5519) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.15982707 = score(doc=5519,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.6111468 = fieldWeight in 5519, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5519)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Describes the investigation of an option for making Internet resources available in the reference department of Wolfram Library, Widener Univ., Chester, Pennsylvania. This entailed working with the University's Computing Services

0.087386265 = product of:
  0.116515025 = sum of:
    0.020587513 = weight(_text_:for in 3404) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.020587513 = score(doc=3404,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.2319262 = fieldWeight in 3404, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3404)
    0.079913534 = weight(_text_:computing in 3404) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.079913534 = score(doc=3404,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.3055734 = fieldWeight in 3404, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3404)
    0.016013984 = product of:
      0.032027967 = sum of:
        0.032027967 = weight(_text_:22 in 3404) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.032027967 = score(doc=3404,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16556148 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 3404, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3404)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.75 = coord(3/4)

Abstract

The present essay is based on research funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology and carried out by the Munich School of Philosophy (Prof. Godehard Brüntrup) in cooperation with the IT company Comelio GmbH. It is concerned with setting up the philosophical framework for a systematic, hierarchical and categorical account of questions and answers in order to use this framework as an ontology for software engineers who create a tool for intelligent questionnaire design. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in programming software that enables users to create and carry out their own surveys. Considering the, to say the least, vast amount of areas of applications these software tools try to cover, it is surprising that most of the existing tools lack a systematic approach to what questions and answers really are and in what kind of systematic hierarchical relations different types of questions stand to each other. The theoretical background to this essay is inspired Barry Smith's theory of regional ontologies. The notion of ontology used in this essay can be defined by the following characteristics: (1) The basic notions of the ontology should be defined in a manner that excludes equivocations of any kind. They should also be presented in a way that allows for an easy translation into a semi-formal language, in order to secure easy applicability for software engineers. (2) The hierarchical structure of the ontology should be that of an arbor porphyriana.

Date

9. 2.2017 19:22:59

Source

Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss

0.08476393 = product of:
  0.16952786 = sum of:
    0.041666195 = weight(_text_:for in 1885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.041666195 = score(doc=1885,freq=16.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.46938562 = fieldWeight in 1885, product of:
          4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
            16.0 = termFreq=16.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1885)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 1885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=1885,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 1885, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1885)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Reference services for data files used in quantitative social research are complicated for several facts. Providing assistance requires specialized knowledge of how the data were collected, how they are organized and how they will be used. Data files cannot be used at all without the requisite computing support. This article presents an overview of the literature on reference services for social research, differentiates between data for information and data for research, suggests a general approach to providing services for these materials based on traditional archives and government documents reference, and gives a practical framework for handling queries

0.07866205 = product of:
  0.1573241 = sum of:
    0.02946245 = weight(_text_:for in 8124) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02946245 = score(doc=8124,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.33190575 = fieldWeight in 8124, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8124)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 8124) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=8124,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 8124, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8124)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The strategic vision for information services at the University of Maryland at Baltimore incorporates the integration concept advocated by the National Libary of Medicine. Computing, library and telecommunications services report to a single vice president; services are being redesigned for optimal functionality. Recent accomplishments include transmitting radiographic images between the campus network and the Johns Hopkins and televising interactive grand rounds - other projects also target networking visual information. A new health sciences library/information services building, scheduled to open in 1997, will house the infrastructure for the virtual library

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.5, S.326-330

0.07866205 = product of:
  0.1573241 = sum of:
    0.02946245 = weight(_text_:for in 1026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02946245 = score(doc=1026,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.33190575 = fieldWeight in 1026, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1026)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 1026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=1026,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 1026, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1026)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Planning online reference services has become more complex because of the number of alternatives that have become available. The librarian can choose from local tape loads, CD-ROM, gateways, or tradtional online access for variable or fixed fees. Getting an optimal mix to match local needs has become a complex planning issue. discusses the planning challenges for the 90s, including cost consideration, locating online information, building the local telecommunications and computing infrastructure, and ensuring access for all

0.076688446 = product of:
  0.15337689 = sum of:
    0.02551523 = weight(_text_:for in 8507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02551523 = score(doc=8507,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.28743884 = fieldWeight in 8507, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8507)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 8507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=8507,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 8507, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8507)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Provides an overview of the concept of a campus-wide information system (CWIS), focusing on the use of Gopher software to provide distributed information access. Suggests an administrative paradigm for such a system that stresses cooperation between various campus entities and emphazises the need for the library, academic computing, and administration to rationally divide resposibilities. Discusses some of the possible sociological effects of the CWIS including the impact on the traditional university culture

0.07434738 = product of:
  0.14869475 = sum of:
    0.020833097 = weight(_text_:for in 1208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.020833097 = score(doc=1208,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.23469281 = fieldWeight in 1208, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1208)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 1208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=1208,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 1208, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1208)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

In December 1993 Tilburg University and Elsevier Science started a project with respect to the full text electronic delivery of journal articles. Users will be able to browse through articles from their desktop and make prints of relevant articles. Several research issues which are of importance both for the publisher and for the library are part of the project. It is a next step in the campus-wide electronic information provision at Tilburg University. The university created a well elaborated IT infrastructure which was already able to integrate library services with other computing facilities on 2.000 desktop PCs

0.07172622 = product of:
  0.14345244 = sum of:
    0.031573486 = weight(_text_:for in 4670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.031573486 = score(doc=4670,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.35568738 = fieldWeight in 4670, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4670)
    0.111878954 = weight(_text_:computing in 4670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.111878954 = score(doc=4670,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.42780277 = fieldWeight in 4670, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4670)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Desktop videoconferencing, which brings together computing, multimedia and telecommunications, is one of many new technologies competing for attention. Videoconferencing is being used in corporations as a substitute for business travel and in academic instituions as the basis for distance learning. Reports the beat site testing, at the Center for Business Information and the Goizueta Business School at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, a desktop videoconferencing system as a means of delivering a distance reference service, including consultation, documentation, and training and sharing of CD-ROM databases. Discusses the evaluative factors nacessary for the success of desk videoconferencing in a library or information centre

0.071296446 = product of:
  0.14259289 = sum of:
    0.014731225 = weight(_text_:for in 8508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014731225 = score(doc=8508,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.16595288 = fieldWeight in 8508, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8508)
    0.12786166 = weight(_text_:computing in 8508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12786166 = score(doc=8508,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.48891744 = fieldWeight in 8508, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8508)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Princeton University is using computer networking to forge links with the local community. Describes the work of its Office of Computing and Information Technology. It maintains a campus-wide information system Princeton New Network which is available for public access and supports local schools in a variety of ways the most recent project being to provide Internet access to the Princeton Regional Schools

0.065125786 = product of:
  0.13025157 = sum of:
    0.028822517 = weight(_text_:for in 697) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.028822517 = score(doc=697,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.3246967 = fieldWeight in 697, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=697)
    0.10142906 = product of:
      0.20285812 = sum of:
        0.20285812 = weight(_text_:machinery in 697) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.20285812 = score(doc=697,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.35214928 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.448392 = idf(docFreq=69, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.5760572 = fieldWeight in 697, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              7.448392 = idf(docFreq=69, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=697)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The technical and administrative problems involved in the storage, handling, and retrieval of library information are emphasized throughout this detailed account of the present equipment used. Reference is made to previous studies and suggestions given for future research. Particular attention is paid to the need for fundamental systems studies and for full investigation of the requirements of the scholar. The author concludes that the problem was proceeded in a piecemeal and 'gadget' fashion and stresses the need for more detailed analysis of the usefulness and economic justification of each separate piece of machinery, without, however, losing sight of the problem in its entirely. By way of practical illustration a method for making the recources of Harvard University's Lamont Library available to all colleges is suggested at the end.

0.065053955 = product of:
  0.13010791 = sum of:
    0.01822896 = weight(_text_:for in 1432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01822896 = score(doc=1432,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.20535621 = fieldWeight in 1432, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1432)
    0.111878954 = weight(_text_:computing in 1432) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.111878954 = score(doc=1432,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.42780277 = fieldWeight in 1432, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1432)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The deployment of campus computer networks, combined with the evolution of tools like Gopher and WWW, have made it possible for universities to make available online versions of documents traditionally offered in paper form. The term 'campus-wide information system' or CWIS refers to a system that brings together online documents and ways to access campus computing resources under a single comprehensive umbrella. Describes the origins of the CWIS concept, listing pioneering CWIS sites in the US. Offers advice on building a CWIS including: choosing a platform; the root menu and organization of documents; types of information to offer and documenting the documents

Footnote

Excerpted from 'The Internet for everyone'

0.06238439 = product of:
  0.12476878 = sum of:
    0.012889821 = weight(_text_:for in 5872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.012889821 = score(doc=5872,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.14520876 = fieldWeight in 5872, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5872)
    0.111878954 = weight(_text_:computing in 5872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.111878954 = score(doc=5872,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.42780277 = fieldWeight in 5872, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5872)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Reports on the 1st interagency conference on public access to government information, focusing on that which is collected, generated and maintained in electronic format, sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency at Solomons, Maryland, on 20-21 May 91. Included were: a general discussion of purposes of the conference, definition of specific issues relating to public access - benefits to the citizen, what agencies are obligated to provide, how best to provide access, who bears the cost, and to what extent agencies can market their products and provide value added information services, agency presentations of their experiences in public access programmes, and the high performance computing and NREN programme and its implications for public access

0.051584728 = product of:
  0.103169456 = sum of:
    0.012757615 = weight(_text_:for in 4992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.012757615 = score(doc=4992,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.14371942 = fieldWeight in 4992, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4992)
    0.09041184 = weight(_text_:computing in 4992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09041184 = score(doc=4992,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.34571683 = fieldWeight in 4992, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4992)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools, and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person; individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc.; the task at hand; the source and the channel and their degree of accessibility and usability; and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers have yet to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context, and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. In this book, we look at the many definitions of and the theoretical and empirical studies on context, and I attempt to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. I propose theoretical frameworks to map the boundaries, elements, and variables of context. I then discuss how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. We then arrive at a unified definition of context. This book should provide designers of search systems a better understanding of context as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying the elements, variables, and views that are pertinent. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.

LCSH

Context / aware computing

Subject

Context / aware computing

0.04098641 = product of:
  0.08197282 = sum of:
    0.01804199 = weight(_text_:for in 1200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01804199 = score(doc=1200,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.20324993 = fieldWeight in 1200, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1200)
    0.06393083 = weight(_text_:computing in 1200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.06393083 = score(doc=1200,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.24445872 = fieldWeight in 1200, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1200)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

In April 2002, the dominant Internet search engine, GoogleT, introduced a beta version of its expert service, Google Answers, with little fanfare. Almost immediately the buzz within the information community focused on implications for reference librarians. Google had already been lauded as the cheaper and faster alternative for finding information, and declining reference statistics and Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) use in academic libraries had been attributed in part to its popularity. One estimate suggests that the Google search engine handles more questions in a day and a half than all the libraries in the country provide in a year. Indeed, Craig Silverstein, Google's Director of Technology, indicated that the raison d'être for the search engine was to "seem as smart as a reference librarian," even as he acknowledged that this goal was "hundreds of years away". Bill Arms had reached a similar conclusion regarding the more nuanced reference functions in a thought-provoking article in this journal on automating digital libraries. But with the launch of Google Answers, the power of "brute force computing" and simple algorithms could be combined with human intelligence to represent a market-driven alternative to library reference services. Google Answers is part of a much larger trend to provide networked reference assistance. Expert services have sprung up in both the commercial and non-profit sector. Libraries too have responded to the Web, providing a suite of services through the virtual reference desk (VRD) movement, from email reference to chat reference to collaborative services that span the globe. As the Internet's content continues to grow and deepen - encompassing over 40 million web sites - it has been met by a groundswell of services to find and filter information. These services include an extensive range from free to fee-based, cost-recovery to for-profit, and library providers to other information providers - both new and traditional. As academic libraries look towards the future in a dynamic and competitive information landscape, what implications do these services have for their programs, and what can be learned from them to improve library offerings? This paper presents the results of a modest study conducted by Cornell University Library (CUL) to compare and contrast its digital reference services with those of Google Answers. The study provided an opportunity for librarians to shift their focus from fearing the impact of Google, as usurper of the library's role and diluter of the academic experience, to gaining insights into how Google's approach to service development and delivery has made it so attractive.

0.039956767 = product of:
  0.15982707 = sum of:
    0.15982707 = weight(_text_:computing in 913) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.15982707 = score(doc=913,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.6111468 = fieldWeight in 913, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=913)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

The Boulder County Civic Center is an online community computing system, accessible to citizens of Boulder County and the general public. Describes how the system was set up, its menus choices and administration

0.03717369 = product of:
  0.07434738 = sum of:
    0.010416549 = weight(_text_:for in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010416549 = score(doc=285,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.117346406 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
    0.06393083 = weight(_text_:computing in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.06393083 = score(doc=285,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.24445872 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The Household Information Systems (HIS) project in Queen Margaret College was funded to explore the use of new media in a group of Edinburgh households (Davenport & Higgins, 1995). One of the motivations of the HIS 'programme' was to find a suitable theoretical and/or exploratory framework, which takes account of multiple aspects of behaviour surrounding technologies, and thus avoids assumptions about their role in information-seeking or other isolated activities. A focus on single activities would occlude knowledge of other motivations: bonding, killing time, defining boundaries. In Phase One, `information management' rather than `information seeking' was used as a conceptual framework, embracing work on the `life cycle' of ICTs as illustrated by Kopytoffs `biography of things' approach (1986), Johnson's cultural circuit (1986), research on households as micro-organisations by McCrone and his colleagues (1994), and work by Silverstone and others on ICTs in the home as tools for internal and external adaptation (Silverstone, 1994, Silverstone et al 1994). The `management' framework has been productive - Phase One allowed us to identify patterns of ICT acquisition and deployment in the home, and, more interestingly, structures of appropriation which reflect rules, roles and responsibilities in individual households. These constitute what may be called a `reproduction lattice' (adapting terminology used by Kling (1987) in his analysis of the `web of computing' in organisations), a structure which captures the political and cultural economy of a household. Phase One's findings are consistent with those of other researchers working in the area of domestic consumption of ICTs but a major limitation of the work is the homogeneous nature of the respondents. Among our Edinburgh 'household managers', internal culture was a more compelling explanation for use than technical functionality.

0.0348416 = product of:
  0.0696832 = sum of:
    0.031249646 = weight(_text_:for in 1027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.031249646 = score(doc=1027,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.35203922 = fieldWeight in 1027, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1027)
    0.038433556 = product of:
      0.07686711 = sum of:
        0.07686711 = weight(_text_:22 in 1027) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07686711 = score(doc=1027,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16556148 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 1027, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1027)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Discusses how artists, particularly in the applied arts, and art historians, look for and use information. Emphasizes the need for visual as well as tecxtual information in art

Source

Reference librarian. 1994, no.47, S.22-36

0.030265197 = product of:
  0.060530394 = sum of:
    0.022096837 = weight(_text_:for in 2973) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.022096837 = score(doc=2973,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.24892932 = fieldWeight in 2973, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2973)
    0.038433556 = product of:
      0.07686711 = sum of:
        0.07686711 = weight(_text_:22 in 2973) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07686711 = score(doc=2973,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16556148 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 2973, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2973)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Date

9. 2.2008 17:52:22

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.4, S.577-590

0.027969738 = product of:
  0.111878954 = sum of:
    0.111878954 = weight(_text_:computing in 5879) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.111878954 = score(doc=5879,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.26151994 = queryWeight, product of:
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.42780277 = fieldWeight in 5879, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          5.5314693 = idf(docFreq=475, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5879)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Reports results of a survey, conducted at Nassau Community College; New York State, of academic reference librarians' use of the Internet at the reference desk at 2 year and 4 year colleges and universities throughout New York State. Concludes that: library managers must understand the value of the Internet and provide access at the reference desk; they must allow adequate time, staff and advanced training; support from academic computing centres and specialists is essential; reference librarians mus develop the necessary attitudes and skills; library involvement in the organization and management of the Internet is essential; and graduate library schools must offer courses on the Internet

0.025621045 = product of:
  0.05124209 = sum of:
    0.028822517 = weight(_text_:for in 211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.028822517 = score(doc=211,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.047278564 = queryNorm
        0.3246967 = fieldWeight in 211, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=211)
    0.022419576 = product of:
      0.04483915 = sum of:
        0.04483915 = weight(_text_:22 in 211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04483915 = score(doc=211,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16556148 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 211, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=211)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Professional librarians operate in an environment characterized by a high level of change. In order to respond to this information environment, it is essential for science and engineering librarians to keep pace with the staggering growth in research information and resources, and with the heightened expectation of the populations with which they interact. The paradox of the need for subject specificity coupled with the need for diversity of subject knowledge presents reference librarians with an unusual challenge. Continuing education programs that are woven into the fabric of job responsibilities can be utilized effectively to enhance the abilities of reference librarians and the quality of services delivered. In this article, Cromer and Testi present a model of a structured, integrated continuing education program for reference librarians utilized at the University of New Mexico's Centennial Science and Engineering Library

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.51-58