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Editor

Association for Computing Machinery

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Source

Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. 39(1996) no.1, S.30-40

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Source

Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. 40(1997) no.2, S.19-24

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Abstract

A national multi-gigabyte-per-second research and education network known as the NREN is to be established by 1996, according to the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 passed in Dec 1991. NREN, referred to as the information highway is expected to provide scientific, educational, and economic benefits for the US, and to serve as the basis for an all-encompassing National Information Infrastructure available to all citizens. An annotated bibliography presenting a representation of the literature that provides a history of the NREN as well as a sense of the evolving concerns and visions of this exciting revolution of the Information Age. Includes items that offer general and specific background information, and visions, viewpoints, and issues related to the NREN

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.63-78,96

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Abstract

The WWW provides new opportunities for distance education over the Internet. The Web, when combined with other network tools, can be used to create a virtual classroom to bring together a community of learners for interactive education. The Cornell Theory Center, a national centre for high performance computing, is investigating the use of emerging network technologies for training computational scientists and researchers in the concepts of parallel computing. The effort is being built on electronic educational material already on the Web and will evaluate the effectivness of various collaborative tools

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Abstract

Topics covered include: teaching and learning on the Net; Web based computing competence education; how the network is changing universities and redefining distance learning; creating and managing interactive Web based learning; teaching assistant Web projects; standards for networked information; publishing on the Web; leadership challenges; power browsing on the Web; evaluating Web tools for course management; assisting faculty with IT; and laptop computing for faculty

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Abstract

Describes the investigation of an option for making Internet resources available in the reference department of Wolfram Library, Widener Univ., Chester, Pennsylvania. This entailed working with the University's Computing Services

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Abstract

While computing and electronic networking are becoming more ubiquitous in the United States, amny institutions and organizations do not have access to networks, especially to the Internet. Even those institutions with Internet access are faced with a number of problems and obstacles to successful use of computing and telecommunication tools. These obstacles include: unrealistic expectations of the effects of networking on organizational tasks, lack of understanding of the effects of organizational culture and other local circumstances on networking, lack of awareness of individual and organizational socuial effects of networking technologies, and lack of criteria,for evaluating the success of network connectivity. This papers explores these obstacles, including what is known about them, and considers some strategies for avoiding or ameliorating their ill effects

Source

Navigating the networks: Proceedings of the 1994 Mid-year Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Portland, Oregon, May 21-25, 1994. Ed.: D.L. Andersen et al

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Abstract

Princeton University is using computer networking to forge links with the local community. Describes the work of its Office of Computing and Information Technology. It maintains a campus-wide information system Princeton New Network which is available for public access and supports local schools in a variety of ways the most recent project being to provide Internet access to the Princeton Regional Schools

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Abstract

The debate about USA Federal government involvement in development of the National Information Infrastructure (NII) revolves around to what extent it should be left to the private sector; what benefits it should have to the public; and how much government involvement is necessary. Discusses recent developments and the High Performance Computing and communications programme. Describes federal budgetary and policy initiatives for developing the NII. Discusses issues related to the governments role, and discusses NII applications in education, government information, health care, libraries and manufacturing

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Abstract

Considers the disciplines important for the computing needs of humanities scholars; text based studies (literature in all languages and subjects such as history, philosophy and theology); image and artefact based studies (archeaology; art history; art film and media studies); linguistic studies (the study of all languages, and modern linguistics); and sound based studies (music and spoken corpora). Discusses the technologies needed to apply computers to these disciplines and reviews: current network use by humanities scholars; network publishing; the electronic artefact; and networks and humanities teaching

Source

Proceedings of the Second Conference on Scholarship and Technology in the Humanities, Elvetham Hall, Hampshire, UK, 13-16 Apr 94. Papers in honour of Michael Smethurst for his 60th birthday. Ed. by S. Kenna and S. Ross

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Abstract

Increased enrollments, changing student expectations, and shifting patterns of Internet access and usage continue to generate resource and administrative challenges for colleges and universities. Computer center staff and college administrators must balance increased access demands, changing system loads, and system security within constrained resources. To assess the changing academic computing environment, computer center directors from several geographic regions were asked to respond to an online questionnaire that assessed patterns of usage, resource allocation, policy formulation, and threats. Survey results were compared with data from a study conducted by the authors in 1999. The analysis includes changing patterns in Internet usage, access, and supervision. The paper also presents details of usage by institutional type and application as well as recommendations for more precise resource assessment by college administrators.

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Source

Library computing. 18(1999) no.2, S.151-159

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Abstract

We consider how to effiently compute the overlap between all pairs of Web-documents. This information can be used to improve web crawlers, web archivers and in the presentation of search results, among others. We report statistics on how common replication is on the Web, and on the cost of computing the above information for a relatively large subset of the Web - about 24 million Web pages which corresponds to about 150 Gigabytes of textual information

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate concepts that are used in depicting future visions of society, as afforded by technology, to map the extent of their use, examine the level of their dominance in different research areas and geographic boundaries, identify potential overlaps, analyse their longitudinal growth, and examine whether any of the identified concepts has assumed an overarching position. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 14 concepts, each of which is used to depict visions of future information infrastructures, were identified. More than 20,000 scholarly documents related to 11 of these concepts (those with 20 or more documents) are analysed by various qualitative/quantitative methods. Findings - The concepts most referred to are semantic web and ubiquitous computing (all years), and internet of things (Year 2013). Publications on some newer concepts (e.g. digital living, real world internet) are minimal. There are variations in the extent of use and preferred concepts based on geographic and disciplinary boundaries. The overlap in the use of these terms is minimal and none of these terms has assumed an overarching umbrella position. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited to scholarly publications; it would be relevant to also study the pattern of usage in governmental communications and policy documents. Social implications - By mapping multiplicity of concepts and the dispersion of discussions, the authors highlight the need for, and facilitate, a broader discussion of related social and societal implications. Originality/value - This paper is the first to present a collective of these related concepts and map the pattern of their occurrence and growth.

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Abstract

Controversy is a complex concept that has been attracting attention of scholars from diverse fields. In the era of Internet and social media, detecting controversy and controversial concepts by the means of automatic methods is especially important. Web searchers could be alerted when the contents they consume are controversial or when they attempt to acquire information on disputed topics. Presenting users with the indications and explanations of the controversy should offer them chance to see the "wider picture" rather than letting them obtain one-sided views. In this work we first introduce a formal model of controversy as the basis of computational approaches to detecting controversial concepts. Then we propose a classification based method for automatic detection of controversial articles and categories in Wikipedia. Next, we demonstrate how to use the obtained results for the estimation of the controversy level of search queries. The proposed method can be incorporated into search engines as a component responsible for detection of queries related to controversial topics. The method is independent of the search engine's retrieval and search results recommendation algorithms, and is therefore unaffected by a possible filter bubble. Our approach can be also applied in Wikipedia or other knowledge bases for supporting the detection of controversy and content maintenance. Finally, we believe that our results could be useful for social science researchers for understanding the complex nature of controversy and in fostering their studies.

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

DDC

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.150-151 (L. Westbrook): "The purpose of this volume is to bring together various analyses by international scholars of the social and cultural impact of information technology on individuals and societies (preface, n.p.). It grew from the First International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2004. The editors and contributors have addressed an impressive array of significant issues with rigorous research and insightful analysis although the resulting volume does suffer from the usual unevenness in depth and content that affects books based on conference proceedings. Although the $256 price is prohibitive for many individual scholars, the effort to obtain a library edition for perusal regarding particular areas of interest is likely to prove worthwhile. Unlike many international conferences that are able to attract scholars from only a handful of nations, this genuinely diverse conference included research conducted in Australia, Beijing, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, England, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. The expense of a conference format and governmental travel restrictions may have precluded greater inclusion of the work being done to develop information technology for use in nonindustrialized nations in support of economic, social justice, and political movements. Although the cultural variants among these nations preclude direct cross-cultural comparisons, many papers carefully provide sufficient background information to make basic conceptual transfers possible. A great strength of the work is the unusual combination of academic disciplines that contributes substantially to the depth of many individual papers, particularly when they are read within the larger context of the entire volume. Although complete professional affiliations are not universally available, the authors who did name their affiliation come from widely divergent disciplines including accounting, business administration, architecture, business computing, communication, computing, economics, educational technology, environmental management, experimental psychology, gender research in computer science, geography, human work sciences, humanistic informatics, industrial engineering, information management, informatics in transport and telecommunications, information science, information technology, management, mathematics, organizational behavior, pedagogy, psychology, telemedicine, and women's education. This is all to the good, but the lack of representation from departments of women's studies, gender studies, and library studies certainly limits the breadth and depth of the perspectives provided.
The editorial and peer review processes appear to be slightly spotty in application. All of the 55 papers are in English but a few of them are in such need of basic editing that they are almost incomprehensible in sections. Consider, for example, the following: "So, the meaning of region where we are studying on, should be discovered and then affect on the final plan" (p. 346). The collection shows a strong array of methodological approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; however, a few of the research efforts exhibit fundamental design flaws. Consider, for example, the study that "set[s] out to show that nurses as care-givers find it difficult to transfer any previously acquired technological skills into their work based on technology needs (p. 187). After studying 39 female and 6 male nurses, this study finds, not surprisingly, exactly what it "set out" to find. Rather than noting the limitations of sample size and data gathering techniques, the paper firmly concludes that nurses can be technologists "only in areas of technology that support their primary role as carers" (p. 188). Finally, some of the papers do not report on original research but are competent, if brief, summaries of theories or concepts that are covered in equal depth elsewhere. For example, a three-page summary of "the major personality and learning theories" (p. 3) is useful but lacks the intellectual depth or insight needed to contribute substantially to the field. These problems with composition, methodological rigor, and theoretical depth are not uncommon in papers designed for a broadly defined conference theme. The authors may have been writing for an in-person audience and anticipating thoughtful postpresentation discussions; they probably had no idea of the heavy price tag put on their work. The editors, however, might have kept that $256 in mind and exercised a heavier editorial hand. Perhaps the publisher could have paid for a careful subject indexing of the work as a substantive addition to the author index provided. The complexity of the subject domains included in the volume certainly merits careful indexing.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.7, S.989-990 (K.R. Fleischmann): "In The digitaI sublime. Vincent Mosco deconstructs the myths surrounding cyberspace. He argues that instead of merely debunking these myths, as will invariably happen over time, a more productive activity is to look deeper into the roots of these myths and their ability to reproduce themselves across eras. Mosco argues that the mythical powers now ascribed to the Internet have preciously been identified with the telegraph, electrification, the telephone, radio, and television. In this book, Mosco extends and applies the theoretically sophisticated and compelling argument of the historian of technology David Nye to the information age. Nye's book, American Technological Sublime (1994), traces the mystical powers of technology throughout American history, as the natural sublime explained by myth and legend is replaced by a technological sublime founded in science. Mosco argues that the hype surrounding cyberspace is an extension of the technological sublime to the domain of the digital, and explores in detail the myths of cyberspace in comparison with those of earlier technologies. ... In summation, I would highly recommend this book to scholars interested in both the political economy and the cultural critique of information technology. This book would also make a useful and powerful reading and source of discussion for a graduate seminar, although it may be a bit too advanced and dry for undergraduate students. Perhaps the biggest question implicitIy raised by this book is - as pervasive computing draws the personal computer into the woodwork, as it were, what will be the next mythical technology" While the book does not answer this question, it does provide analytical ammunition for deconstructing and contextualizing these myths once they are inevitably brought into being."

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Abstract

In recent years we have witnessed a significant growth of social-computing communities - online services in which users share information in various forms. As content contributions from participants are critical to the viability of these communities, it is important to understand what drives users to participate and share information with others in such settings. We extend previous literature on user contribution by studying the factors that are associated with various forms of participation in a large online photo-sharing community. Using survey and system data, we examine four different forms of participation and consider the differences between these forms. We build on theories of motivation to examine the relationship between users' participation and their motivations with respect to their tenure in the community. Amongst our findings, we identify individual motivations (both extrinsic and intrinsic) that underpin user participation, and their effects on different forms of information sharing; we show that tenure in the community does affect participation, but that this effect depends on the type of participation activity. Finally, we demonstrate that tenure in the community has a weak moderating effect on a number of motivations with regard to their effect on participation. Directions for future research, as well as implications for theory and practice, are discussed.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.3, S.555-566