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Hickey, T.B.: Using SGML and TeX for an interactive chemical encyclopedia (1989)
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Berman, S.: Where have all the moonies gone? (1984)
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Gray, R.A.: Classification schemes as cognitive maps (1984)
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Peters, C.M.: CD-ROM and optical technology : the user interface (1988)
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Mitev, N.; Hildreth, C.R.: ¬Les catalogues interactifs en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis (1989)
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- Bulletin des bibliothèques de France. 34(1989) no.1, S.22-47
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Sharrow, M.J.: Online information systems in North America (1985)
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Lewis, D.A.: Online developments and their impact on libraries (1985)
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Humphry, J.A.; Kramer-Greene, J.: ¬The DDC and its users : current policies (1984)
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Stevens, N.D.: ¬The flaw of subject access in the library catalog : an opinion (1984)
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- Reference services and technical services: interactions in library practice. Ed. by G. Stevenson et al
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Gavin, P.: OPAC: Online public access catalogue (1985)
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Pejtersen, A.M.: ¬A library system for information retrieval based on a cognitive task analysis and supported by a icon-based interface (1989)
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Mooers, C.N.: ¬The indexing language of an information retrieval system (1985)
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- Abstract
- Calvin Mooers' work toward the resolution of the problem of ambiguity in indexing went unrecognized for years. At the time he introduced the "descriptor" - a term with a very distinct meaning-indexers were, for the most part, taking index terms directly from the document, without either rationalizing them with context or normalizing them with some kind of classification. It is ironic that Mooers' term came to be attached to the popular but unsophisticated indexing methods which he was trying to root out. Simply expressed, what Mooers did was to take the dictionary definitions of terms and redefine them so clearly that they could not be used in any context except that provided by the new definition. He did, at great pains, construct such meanings for over four hundred words; disambiguation and specificity were sought after and found for these words. He proposed that all indexers adopt this method so that when the index supplied a term, it also supplied the exact meaning for that term as used in the indexed document. The same term used differently in another document would be defined differently and possibly renamed to avoid ambiguity. The disambiguation was achieved by using unabridged dictionaries and other sources of defining terminology. In practice, this tends to produce circularity in definition, that is, word A refers to word B which refers to word C which refers to word A. It was necessary, therefore, to break this chain by creating a new, definitive meaning for each word. Eventually, means such as those used by Austin (q.v.) for PRECIS achieved the same purpose, but by much more complex means than just creating a unique definition of each term. Mooers, however, was probably the first to realize how confusing undefined terminology could be. Early automatic indexers dealt with distinct disciplines and, as long as they did not stray beyond disciplinary boundaries, a quick and dirty keyword approach was satisfactory. The trouble came when attempts were made to make a combined index for two or more distinct disciplines. A number of processes have since been developed, mostly involving tagging of some kind or use of strings. Mooers' solution has rarely been considered seriously and probably would be extremely difficult to apply now because of so much interdisciplinarity. But for a specific, weIl defined field, it is still weIl worth considering. Mooers received training in mathematics and physics from the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the founder of Zator Company, which developed and marketed a coded card information retrieval system, and of Rockford Research, Inc., which engages in research in information science. He is the inventor of the TRAC computer language.
- Footnote
- Original in: Information retrieval today: papers presented at an Institute conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962. Ed. by Wesley Simonton. Minneapolis, Minn.: The Center, 1963. S.21-36.
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Goossens, P.: Multi-lingual subject heading scheme based on LCSH : The creation of a multi-lingual subject heading scheme based on the LCSH (1985)
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- New information technologies and libraries. Proc. of the Advanced Research Workshop organised by the European Cultural Foundation in Luxembourg, Nov.1984 ... Ed.: H. Liebaers et al
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Schnelling, H.M.: Beyond online? : interactive public access to library files via CD-ROM (1989)
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- Source
- The impact of CD-ROM to library operations and universal availability of information: 11th Int. Symposium Essen, 1988; Festschrift in honour of Maurice B. Line. Ed.: A.H. Helal et al
-
Taylor, H.: Science Citation Index print and CD : the best of both worlds from ISI (1989)
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- Source
- The impact of CD-ROM on library operations and universal availabiblity of information: 11th Int. Symposium Essen, 1988; Festschrift in honour of Maurice B. Line. Ed.: A.H. Helal et al
-
Slack, F.: Subject searching in OPACs : a general survey of facilities available on OPACs in academic libraries in the UK (1988)
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- Footnote
- Vgl. auch die neuere Studie: Crawford, J.C. et al.: A survey of subject access to academic library catalogues in Great Britain in: Journal of librarianship and information science 25(1993) no.2, S.85-93)
-
Coombs, J.H.; Renear, A.H.; DeRose, S.J.: Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing (1987)
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- Footnote
- Reprinted in: The digital world: text-based computing in the humanities. Ed.: G. Landow et al. Cambridge: MIT Pr. 1993, S.85-118
-
Martel, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice (1985)
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- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Vickery, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- Brian C. Vickery, Director and Professor, School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, is a prolific writer on classification and information retrieval. This paper was one of the earliest to present initial efforts by the Classification Research Group (q.v.). In it he clearly outlined the need for classification in subject indexing, which, at the time he wrote, was not a commonplace understanding. In fact, some indexing systems were made in the first place specifically to avoid general classification systems which were out of date in all fast-moving disciplines, especially in the "hard" sciences. Vickery picked up Julia Pettee's work (q.v.) an the concealed classification in subject headings (1947) and added to it, mainly adopting concepts from the work of S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.). He had already published a paper an notation in classification, pointing out connections between notation, words, and the concepts which they represent. He was especially concerned about the structure of notational symbols as such symbols represented relationships among subjects. Vickery also emphasized that index terms cover all aspects of a subject so that, in addition to having a basis in classification, the ideal index system should also have standardized nomenclature, as weIl as show evidence of a systematic classing of elementary terms. The necessary linkage between system and terms should be one of a number of methods, notably:
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Raghavan, K.S.: ¬The general theory of classification as the basis for structuring of subject headings (1985(?))
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- Source
- Classification and communication. Papers, presented at the 2nd Regional Conf. of FID/CR, 15.11.1985, New Dehli. Ed.: K. Kumar et al
