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- Abstract
- In der folgenden Studie wird eine Komponente für eine visuelle Benutzerschnittstelle zu Textdatenbanken entworfen. Mit Hilfe einer Terminologievisualisierung wird dem Benutzer eine Hilfestellung bei der Relevanzbewertung von Dokumenten und bei der Erweiterung seiner visuellen Anfrage an das Retrieval-System gegeben. Dazu werden zuerst die grundlegenden Information-Retrieval-Modelle eingehender vorgestellt, d.h., generelle Retrieval-Modelle, Retrievaloperationen und spezielle Retrieval-Modelle wie Text-Retrieval werden erläutert. Die Funktionalität eines Text-Retrieval-Systems wird vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden bereits existierende Implementierungen visueller Information-Retrieval-Benutzerschnittstellen vorgestellt. Im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeit werden mögliche Visualisierungen der mit Hilfe eines Text-Retrieval-Systems gefundenen Dokumente aufgezeigt. Es werden mehrere Vorschläge zur Visualisierung von Thesauri diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, wie neuronale Netze zur Kartierung eines Eingabebereiches benutzt werden können. Klassifikationsebenen einer objekt-orientierten Annäherung eines Information-Retrieval-Systems werden vorgestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch die Eigenschaften von Thesauri sowie die Architektur und Funktion eines Parsersystems erläutert. Mit diesen Voraussetzung wird die Implementierung einer visuellen Terminologierunterstützung realisiert. Abschließend wird ein Fazit zur vorgestellten Realisierung basierend auf einem Drei-Schichten-Modell von [Agosti et al. 1990] gezogen.
- Type
- r
-
Brambilla, M.; Ceri, S.: Designing exploratory search applications upon Web data sources (2012)
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- Source
- Semantic search over the Web. Eds.: R. De Virgilio, et al
-
Thenmalar, S.; Geetha, T.V.: Enhanced ontology-based indexing and searching (2014)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to improve the conceptual-based search by incorporating structural ontological information such as concepts and relations. Generally, Semantic-based information retrieval aims to identify relevant information based on the meanings of the query terms or on the context of the terms and the performance of semantic information retrieval is carried out through standard measures-precision and recall. Higher precision leads to the (meaningful) relevant documents obtained and lower recall leads to the less coverage of the concepts. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, the authors enhance the existing ontology-based indexing proposed by Kohler et al., by incorporating sibling information to the index. The index designed by Kohler et al., contains only super and sub-concepts from the ontology. In addition, in our approach, we focus on two tasks; query expansion and ranking of the expanded queries, to improve the efficiency of the ontology-based search. The aforementioned tasks make use of ontological concepts, and relations existing between those concepts so as to obtain semantically more relevant search results for a given query. Findings - The proposed ontology-based indexing technique is investigated by analysing the coverage of concepts that are being populated in the index. Here, we introduce a new measure called index enhancement measure, to estimate the coverage of ontological concepts being indexed. We have evaluated the ontology-based search for the tourism domain with the tourism documents and tourism-specific ontology. The comparison of search results based on the use of ontology "with and without query expansion" is examined to estimate the efficiency of the proposed query expansion task. The ranking is compared with the ORank system to evaluate the performance of our ontology-based search. From these analyses, the ontology-based search results shows better recall when compared to the other concept-based search systems. The mean average precision of the ontology-based search is found to be 0.79 and the recall is found to be 0.65, the ORank system has the mean average precision of 0.62 and the recall is found to be 0.51, while the concept-based search has the mean average precision of 0.56 and the recall is found to be 0.42. Practical implications - When the concept is not present in the domain-specific ontology, the concept cannot be indexed. When the given query term is not available in the ontology then the term-based results are retrieved. Originality/value - In addition to super and sub-concepts, we incorporate the concepts present in same level (siblings) to the ontological index. The structural information from the ontology is determined for the query expansion. The ranking of the documents depends on the type of the query (single concept query, multiple concept queries and concept with relation queries) and the ontological relations that exists in the query and the documents. With this ontological structural information, the search results showed us better coverage of concepts with respect to the query.
- Date
- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
-
Bean, C.: ¬The semantics of hierarchy : explicit parent-child relationships in MeSH tree structures (1998)
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- Source
- Structures and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 5th International ISKO-Conference, Lille, 25.-29.8.1998. Ed.: W. Mustafa el Hadi et al
-
Atanassova, I.; Bertin, M.: Semantic facets for scientific information retrieval (2014)
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- Source
- Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge. SemWebEval 2014 at ESWC 2014, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: V. Presutti et al
-
Yan, X.; Li, X.; Song, D.: ¬A correlation analysis on LSA and HAL semantic space models (2004)
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- Source
- Computational and information science. First International Symposium, CIS 2004, Shanghai, China, December 16-18, 2004. Proceedings. Eds.: J. Zhang et al
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Gnoli, C.; Pusterla, L.; Bendiscioli, A.; Recinella, C.: Classification for collections mapping and query expansion (2016)
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- Source
- Proceedings of the 15th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop (NKOS 2016) co-located with the 20th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries 2016 (TPDL 2016), Hannover, Germany, September 9, 2016. Edi. by Philipp Mayr et al. [http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1676/=urn:nbn:de:0074-1676-5]
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Bettencourt, N.; Silva, N.; Barroso, J.: Semantically enhancing recommender systems (2016)
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- Knowledge discovery, knowledge engineering and knowledge management: 7th International Joint Conference, IC3K 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, November 12-14, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: A. Fred et al
-
Context: nature, impact, and role : 5th International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, CoLIS 2005, Glasgow 2005; Proceedings (2005)
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- Footnote
- Am interessantesten und wichtigsten erschien mir der Grundsatzartikel von Peter Ingwersen und Kalervo Järvelin (Kopenhagen/Tampere), The sense of information: Understanding the cognitive conditional information concept in relation to information acquisition (S. 7-19). Hier versuchen die Autoren, den ursprünglich von Ingwersen1 vorgeschlagenen und damals ausschliesslich im Zusammenhang mit dem interaktiven Information Retrieval verwendeten Begriff "conditional cognitive information" anhand eines erweiterten Modells nicht nur auf das Gesamtgebiet von "information seeking and retrieval" (IS&R) auszuweiten, sondern auch auf den menschlichen Informationserwerb aus der Sinneswahrnehmung, wie z.B. im Alltag oder im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnistätigkeit. Dabei werden auch alternative Informationsbegriffe sowie die Beziehung von Information und Bedeutung diskutiert. Einen ebenfalls auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden Ansatz thematisiert der Beitrag von Birger Larsen (Kopenhagen), indem er sich mit dessen vor über 10 Jahren veröffentlichten2 Principle of Polyrepresentation befasst. Dieses beruht auf der Hypothese, wonach die Überlappung zwischen unterschiedlichen kognitiven Repräsentationen - nämlich jenen der Situation des Informationssuchenden und der Dokumente - zur Reduktion der einer Retrievalsituation anhaftenden Unsicherheit und damit zur Verbesserung der Performance des IR-Systems genutzt werden könne. Das Prinzip stellt die Dokumente, ihre Autoren und Indexierer, aber auch die sie zugänglich machende IT-Lösung in einen umfassenden und kohärenten theoretischen Bezugsrahmen, der die benutzerorientierte Forschungsrichtung "Information-Seeking" mit der systemorientierten IR-Forschung zu integrieren trachtet. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie der (wenigen) dazu vorliegenden empirischen Studien hält Larsen das Model, das von Ingwersen sowohl für "exact match-IR" als auch für "best match-IR" intendiert war, allerdings schon in seinen Grundzügen für "Boolean" (d.h. "exact match"-orientiert) und schlägt ein "polyrepresentation continuum" als Verbesserungsmöglichkeit vor.
Mehrere Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Problem der Relevanz. Erica Cosijn und Theo Bothma (Pretoria) argumentieren, dass für das Benutzerverhalten neben der thematischen Relevanz auch verschiedene andere Relevanzdimensionen eine Rolle spielen und schlagen auf der Basis eines (abermals auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden) erweiterten Relevanzmodells vor, dass IR-Systeme die Möglichkeit zur Abgabe auch kognitiver, situativer und sozio-kognitiver Relevanzurteile bieten sollten. Elaine Toms et al. (Kanada) berichten von einer Studie, in der versucht wurde, die schon vor 30 Jahren von Tefko Saracevic3 erstellten fünf Relevanzdimensionen (kognitiv, motivational, situativ, thematisch und algorithmisch) zu operationalisieren und anhand von Recherchen mit einer Web-Suchmaschine zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich diese fünf Dimensionen in drei Typen vereinen lassen, die Benutzer, System und Aufgabe repräsentieren. Von einer völlig anderen Seite nähern sich Olof Sundin und Jenny Johannison (Boras, Schweden) der Relevanzthematik, indem sie einen kommunikationsorientierten, neo-pragmatistischen Ansatz (nach Richard Rorty) wählen, um Informationssuche und Relevanz zu analysieren, und dabei auch auf das Werk von Michel Foucault zurückgreifen. Weitere interessante Artikel befassen sich mit Bradford's Law of Scattering (Hjørland & Nicolaisen), Information Sharing and Timing (Widén-Wulff & Davenport), Annotations as Context for Searching Documents (Agosti & Ferro), sowie dem Nutzen von neuen Informationsquellen wie Web Links, Newsgroups und Blogs für die sozial- und informationswissenschaftliche Forschung (Thelwall & Wouters). In Summe liegt hier ein interessantes und anspruchsvolles Buch vor - inhaltlich natürlich nicht gerade einheitlich und geschlossen, doch dies darf man bei einem Konferenzband ohnedies nicht erwarten. Manche der abgedruckten Beiträge sind sicher nicht einfach zu lesen, lohnen aber die Mühe. Auch für Praktiker aus Bibliothek und Information ist einiges dabei, sofern sie sich für die wissenschaftliche Basis ihrer Tätigkeit interessieren. Fachlich einschlägige Spezial- und grössere Allgemeinbibliotheken sollten das Werk daher unbedingt führen.
