-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Content
- Originally published July 1981 as Internal Report 81-2, Dept. of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 3400 Gottingen, W.-Germany.
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Ketelaar, E.: Can we trust information? (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reliability and authenticity determine the credibility and usefulness of information. These concepts, developed in different cultures and at different times, are essential for information society and its dependence on trusting information. In the creation and distribution of digital information, conditions should be met to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the information
- Footnote
- Contribution to an issue devoted to papers from the UNESCO conference Info-Ethics: first International Congress on Ethical, Legal and Societal Aspects of Digital Information, held in Monaco, 10-12 March, 1997
-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Smith, L.C.: "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias" : electronic knowledge in the form of hypertext (1989)
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- Abstract
- The history of encyclopedias and wholly new forms of encyclopedias are briefly reviewed. The possibilities and problems that hypertext presents as a basis for new forms of encyclopedias are explored. The capabilities of current systems, both experimental and commercially available, are outlined, focusing on new possibilities for authoring and design and for reading the retrieval. Examples of applications already making use of hypertext are given.
- Date
- 7. 1.1996 22:47:52
- Source
- Information, knowledge, evolution. Proceedings of the 44th FID Congress, Helsinki, 28.8.-1.9.1988. Ed. by S. Koshiala and R. Launo
-
Simoes, A.M.: ¬O peocesso de producao e distribuicao de informacao enquanto conhecimento : algumas reflexoes (1996)
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- Abstract
- The information process is characterised by 3 phases: potential information, consolidated information and information as knowledge, at which point is becomes a means rather than an end. In the social context, knowledge functions both as a social institution and a socialising institution: since reality is constantly changing, knowledge thus becomes a perspective determined by individual experience. Distribution of knowledge is controlled by those who have access, and in a society marked by inequality such as Brazil this virtually excludes all those living on the margins. The production and distribution of knowledge is thus based on capitalist criteria, reflecting the practices of the owners of capital
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: The process of production and distribution of information as knowledge: some reflections
-
Kangas, S.; Kuronen, T.; Pekkarinen, P.: ¬The right to information : the new role of libraries (1995)
0.04
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- Abstract
- Reassesses the role of libraries in the context of the integration of individual countries in Europe into the European Union. As decision making passes from national to supranational bodies, there is the threat that citizens' access to information and the documents pertaining to them could become more restricted. Concludes that, to promote a discursive information environment in society, libraries should explore, evaluate, and enhance information distribution systems, facilitate citizens' access to information and encourage critical discourse through communication networks
-
Chang, S.-J.: Concepts of information society, cultural assumptions and government information policy : a case study of U.S.A. (1995)
0.04
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- Abstract
- Describes and compares 5 approaches to understanding the concept of the information society and identifies significant themes and controversies in the information science literature. The major topics discussed include: the concept of the information society (continuitiy or discontinuity); assumptions on the nature of information (information as a commodity or a public good); the role and social impact of information technology (optimistic, pessimistic or pluralistic view); and the provision and distribution of government information and services (tension between public and private sectors). Analyses how these underlying belief structures have influenced government information policies in the USA and how they might influence future policy making
- Source
- Journal of information; communication; and library science. 2(1995) no.1, S.25-49
-
Mathiesen, K.: Toward a political philosophy of information (2015)
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- Abstract
- Many of the most pressing issues in information ethics-informational privacy, surveillance, intellectual property, access to information, and the distribution of information resources-can only be addressed at the level of global politics. This paper develops an approach to theorizing about political questions of concern to information ethics. It begins by situating a political philosophy of information within the broader field of ethics and defending a theoretical approach that is practical, person-centered, and pluralistic. The method of dialogic public reason, as articulated by John Rawls and supplemented with insights from Jürgen Habermas, is described and defended. It is argued that dialogic public reason provides a way to justify political principles in a diverse global context. The paper concludes by relating the idea of dialogic public reason to international human rights. The putative human right to intellectual property is criticized on the grounds that it does not pass the test of public reason.
- Content
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Exploring Philosophies of Information'.
-
Berman, Y.; Phillips, D.: Information and social quality (2001)
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- Abstract
- This paper introduces the concept of 'social quality' as a measure of quality-of-life and it sets out a framework for identifying social indicators of the relationship between information and social quality. Social quality has four elements: socio - economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion and empowerment. Illustrative indicators are identified at both national (Demos) and community (Ethnos) level for four different aspects of each social quality element: input, process, outcome and impact. Then the distribution of information and social quality between Demos and Ethnos levels is investigated. It is concluded that usable indicators of all aspects of each element of social quality can be identified and that analysis of informational social quality at Demos and Ethnos level can add to knowledge about information provision and policy, particularly with reference to minority and marginal communities.
-
Lievrouw, A.A.; Farb, S.E.: Information and equity (2002)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Inequities in information creation, production, distribution, and use are nothing new. Throughout human history some people have been more educated, better connected, more widely traveled, or more wellinformed than others. Until recently, relatively few have enjoyed the benefits of literacy, and even fewer could afford to own books. In the age of mass media, societies and social groups have varied dramatically in terms of their access to and uses of print, radio, television, film, telephone, and telegraph. What is new, however, is the growing attention being given to informational inequities in an increasingly information-driven global economy. Across disciplinary, national, and cultural boundaries, the widespread agreement is that the use of newer information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet, has accelerated the production, circulation, and consumption of information in every form. But also a growing sense has arisen that ICTs have helped to exacerbate existing differences in information access and use, and may even have fostered new types of barriers. As Hess and Ostrom (2001, p. 45) point out, "Distributed digital technologies have the dual capacity to increase as well as restrict access to information."
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 37(2003), S.499-540
-
Court, J.; Lovis, G.; Fassbind-Eigenheer, R.: De la tradition orale aux reseaux de communication : la tradition orale (1998)
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- Abstract
- Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: workshop on stories in libraries (history of the tradition in French libraries and criteria for selecting material); oral and written traditions (presentation on continuing existence of various schools of interpretation e.g. mythological, anthropological, in relation to the importance of individual contact); and listening - reading - writing (presentation on links between these 3 forms of communication in the context of the challenge for libraries in the field of children's education)
-
Bailey, R.L.: Information : the currency of the new millennium (1997)
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- Abstract
- Presents technology changes that are shaking the foundations of the methods previously employed by the library, archival and records management professions. Identifies current problems with what has worked in the past. Predicts what will be happening in the future and what effect it has on a global information society and the way the information professions need to proceed in the coming decades
- Footnote
- Contribution to an issue devoted to papers from the UNESCO conference Info-Ethics: first International Congress on Ethical, Legal and Societal Aspects of Digital Information, held in Monaco, 10-12 March 1997
-
Tononi, G.: Consciousness as integrated information : a provisional manifesto (2008)
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- Abstract
- The integrated information theory (IIT) starts from phenomenology and makes use of thought experiments to claim that consciousness is integrated information. Specifically: (i) the quantity of consciousness corresponds to the amount of integrated information generated by a complex of elements; (ii) the quality of experience is specified by the set of informational relationships generated within that complex. Integrated information (PHI) is defined as the amount of information generated by a complex of elements, above and beyond the information generated by its parts. Qualia space (Q) is a space where each axis represents a possible state of the complex, each point is a probability distribution of its states, and arrows between points represent the informational relationships among its elements generated by causal mechanisms (connections). Together, the set of informational relationships within a complex constitute a shape in Q that completely and univocally specifies a particular experience. Several observations concerning the neural substrate of consciousness fall naturally into place within the IIT framework. Among them are the association of consciousness with certain neural systems rather than with others; the fact that neural processes underlying consciousness can influence or be influenced by neural processes that remain unconscious; the reduction of consciousness during dreamless sleep and generalized seizures; and the distinct role of different cortical architectures in affecting the quality of experience. Equating consciousness with integrated information carries several implications for our view of nature.
- Content
- Vgl.: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/25470707. Vgl. auch: Tononi, G.: Integrated information theory of consciousness: an updated account. In: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 150(2012), p.290-326.
-
Pinault-Soerensen, M.; Johannot, Y.; Corsini, S.: De la tradition orale aux reseaux de communication : la tradition écrite (1998)
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- Abstract
- Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: the evolution of Diderot's Encyclopedia (presentation of the confluence of oral and written traditions, in relation to the network of informal contacts underpinning this 18th century work); influence of the written work on our cultural tradition in relation to access to new means of communication (presentation on the respective roles of ideogrammatic and phonomatic representation, and the role of the book as bridge to other media); typographical ornamentation on the Internet (workshop on identifying the provenance of printed material and the Passe-Partout ornament bank, which uses new technology to create a metacatalogue); and publishing memory (workshop on a Swiss foundation seeking to promote, preserve and disseminate contemporary publishing
-
ws: Informations-Overkill (2004)
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- Content
- "Die Studie 'How much information? 2003' der Universität Berkeley, Kalifornien in Zusammenarbeit mit namhaften, USamerikanischen IT Konzernen hat ergeben, dass im Jahr 2002 jeder Mensch der Erde im Schnitt Daten im Volumen von 800 Megabyte produziert hat - das entspricht etwa 10 Regalmetern in Buchform. Seit 1999 hat sich die Menge an neuen Daten, die auf Papier, Film sowie optischen und magnetischen Medien gespeichert wurde, jährlich um 30 Prozent vergrößert und beträgt nun fünf Exabyte (= 5 * 1.0246 Byte). Wollte man diese Informationen in Buchform archivieren, bräuchte man dafür eine halbe Million Bibliotheken in der Größe der US Library of Congress. Übertroffen wird das noch von den 18 Exabyte an Daten, die 2002 über Telefon, Radio, Fernsehen und Internet ausgetauscht wurden. 92 Prozent der neu generierten Informationen werden übrigens auf magnetischen Medien wie Festplatten gespeichert."
-
Hjoerland, B.: Information seeking and subject representation : an activity-theoretical approach to information science (1997)
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- Abstract
- Information science has for a long time been drawing on the knowledge produced in psychology and related fields. This is reasonable, for the central issue in information science concerns individual users navigating information spaces such as libraries, databases, and the Internet, Thus, informations seeking is the fundamental problem in information science, while other problems, such as document representation, are subordinate. This book proposes a general theory of information seeking as a theoretical basis for information science
- Content
- Introduction - information seeking and subject representation - subject searching and subject representation data - subject analysis and knowledge organization - the concept of subject or subject matter and basic epistemological positions - methodological consequences for information science - science, discipline, and subject field as a framework for information seeking - information needs and cognitive and scientific development
- LCSH
- Subject cataloging
- Subject
- Subject cataloging
-
Electronic access to information : a new service paradigm. Proceedings from a symposium, 23-24 July 1993, Palo Alto, CA (1994)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 20(1994) no.4, S.234 (L. Jaffee)
-
Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 40(2006), S.xxx-xxx
-
Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
