-
Lubetzky, S.: Cataloging rules and principles : a critique of the A.L.A. rules for entry and a proposed design for their revision (1953)
0.09
0.0907328 = product of:
0.21170986 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 2278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=2278,freq=8.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 2278, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2278)
0.08831687 = weight(_text_:congress in 2278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08831687 = score(doc=2278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.20946044 = queryWeight, product of:
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.42163986 = fieldWeight in 2278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2278)
0.10441199 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 2278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10441199 = score(doc=2278,freq=6.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.6033583 = fieldWeight in 2278, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2278)
0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
- Imprint
- Washington : Library of Congress, Processing Dept.
- Issue
- Prepared for the Board on Cataloging Policy and Research of the A.L.A. Division of Cataloging and Classification.
-
Eastin, R.B.: Central indexing and distribution of U.S. Government Documents (1954)
0.07
0.0717887 = product of:
0.25126043 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 6224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=6224,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 6224, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6224)
0.23227942 = weight(_text_:distribution in 6224) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.23227942 = score(doc=6224,freq=2.0), product of:
0.24019864 = queryWeight, product of:
5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.9670305 = fieldWeight in 6224, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6224)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
-
Ullmann, M.B.: ¬The indexing and distribution of Census Publications (1954)
0.07
0.0717887 = product of:
0.25126043 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 6225) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=6225,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 6225, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6225)
0.23227942 = weight(_text_:distribution in 6225) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.23227942 = score(doc=6225,freq=2.0), product of:
0.24019864 = queryWeight, product of:
5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.9670305 = fieldWeight in 6225, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.4703507 = idf(docFreq=505, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6225)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
-
Spalding, C.S.: Library of Congress Book Catalogs : proposed expansion into current author and subject catalogs of american library resources (1954)
0.05
0.050869234 = product of:
0.17804231 = sum of:
0.02348779 = weight(_text_:of in 6222) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02348779 = score(doc=6222,freq=4.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.34207192 = fieldWeight in 6222, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6222)
0.15455452 = weight(_text_:congress in 6222) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15455452 = score(doc=6222,freq=2.0), product of:
0.20946044 = queryWeight, product of:
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.73786974 = fieldWeight in 6222, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6222)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
-
Seely, P.A.: Dewey Decimal Classification: relocations in edition 15 and criteria for edition 16 (1954)
0.04
0.039870165 = product of:
0.13954557 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 1716) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=1716,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 1716, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1716)
0.12056458 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 1716) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12056458 = score(doc=1716,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.6966982 = fieldWeight in 1716, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1716)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Source
- Journal of cataloging and classification. 10(1954), S.3-11
-
Cavender, T.P.: Subject heading for children's materials (1954)
0.04
0.039870165 = product of:
0.13954557 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=1727,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
0.12056458 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12056458 = score(doc=1727,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.6966982 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Source
- Journal of cataloging and classification. 10(1954), S.197-202
-
Frauendorfer, S. von: International unification of cataloging? (1951)
0.04
0.039870165 = product of:
0.13954557 = sum of:
0.018981 = weight(_text_:of in 6218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018981 = score(doc=6218,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 6218, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6218)
0.12056458 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 6218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12056458 = score(doc=6218,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.6966982 = fieldWeight in 6218, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6218)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
-
Dailey, J.E.: ¬The grammar of subject headings: a formulation of rules for subject headings based on syntactical and morphological analysis of the Library of Congress list (1957)
0.04
0.03832067 = product of:
0.13412234 = sum of:
0.02372625 = weight(_text_:of in 2809) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02372625 = score(doc=2809,freq=8.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.34554482 = fieldWeight in 2809, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2809)
0.11039609 = weight(_text_:congress in 2809) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11039609 = score(doc=2809,freq=2.0), product of:
0.20946044 = queryWeight, product of:
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.52704984 = fieldWeight in 2809, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7703104 = idf(docFreq=1018, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2809)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
-
Lubetzky, S.: Development of cataloging rules (1953)
0.03
0.030508714 = product of:
0.10678049 = sum of:
0.0284715 = weight(_text_:of in 2626) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0284715 = score(doc=2626,freq=32.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.41465378 = fieldWeight in 2626, product of:
5.656854 = tf(freq=32.0), with freq of:
32.0 = termFreq=32.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2626)
0.07830899 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 2626) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07830899 = score(doc=2626,freq=6.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.45251876 = fieldWeight in 2626, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2626)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Abstract
- The growth of the rules which shape library catalogs and determine their character and usefulness is susceptible of much more extended treatment than is possible here. What is attempted in the following pages is to point out present trends and to indicate their significance. Evidently the year 1941 marked the beginning of a new phase in the evolution of cataloging rules. The publication then of the preliminary American second edition of the A.L.A. Catalog Rules appears as the culmination of a movement inspired exactly one hundred years earlier by the issue of Panizzi's rules. The latter followed a very long period in which rudimentary methods of cataloging slowly evolved and the need of rules to systematize the work gradually came to be recognized. As long as libraries were small and few books were published, the contents of a library could be recorded in any fashion that struck the fancy of the one in charge. Catalogs were made by librarians largely for their own use and had one simple function, that of an inventory or a collection of lists showing the holdings. The form and arrangement of the entries were arbitrary.
-
¬The subject analysis of library materials (1953)
0.03
0.028027182 = product of:
0.098095134 = sum of:
0.026843186 = weight(_text_:of in 3892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.026843186 = score(doc=3892,freq=4.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.39093933 = fieldWeight in 3892, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3892)
0.07125194 = product of:
0.14250389 = sum of:
0.14250389 = weight(_text_:service in 3892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.14250389 = score(doc=3892,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18813887 = queryWeight, product of:
4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.7574399 = fieldWeight in 3892, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3892)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Imprint
- New York : Columbia University School of Library Service
-
¬The Role of classification in the modern American library : papers presented at an institute conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1.-4.11.1959 (1959)
0.02
0.017243307 = product of:
0.060351573 = sum of:
0.02465704 = weight(_text_:of in 5256) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02465704 = score(doc=5256,freq=6.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.3591007 = fieldWeight in 5256, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5256)
0.035694532 = product of:
0.071389064 = sum of:
0.071389064 = weight(_text_:22 in 5256) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.071389064 = score(doc=5256,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15376249 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5256, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5256)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Date
- 3.10.2000 10:22:59
-
Merritt, L.C.: ¬A footnote on the need for local subject cataloging (1952)
0.02
0.017223513 = product of:
0.12056458 = sum of:
0.12056458 = weight(_text_:cataloging in 6219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12056458 = score(doc=6219,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17305137 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.6966982 = fieldWeight in 6219, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9411201 = idf(docFreq=2334, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6219)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Wiener, N.: ¬The human use of human beings : cybernetics and society (1950)
0.01
0.014265795 = product of:
0.049930282 = sum of:
0.01423575 = weight(_text_:of in 4857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01423575 = score(doc=4857,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.20732689 = fieldWeight in 4857, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4857)
0.035694532 = product of:
0.071389064 = sum of:
0.071389064 = weight(_text_:22 in 4857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.071389064 = score(doc=4857,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15376249 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4857, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4857)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Date
- 8. 7.2000 18:17:22
-
Gorchels, C.: Making subject specialists available for service (1955)
0.01
0.010178849 = product of:
0.07125194 = sum of:
0.07125194 = product of:
0.14250389 = sum of:
0.14250389 = weight(_text_:service in 6230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.14250389 = score(doc=6230,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18813887 = queryWeight, product of:
4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.7574399 = fieldWeight in 6230, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.284727 = idf(docFreq=1655, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6230)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Mooers, C.N.: ¬A mathematical theory of language symbols in retrieval (1959)
0.00
0.0046965797 = product of:
0.032876056 = sum of:
0.032876056 = weight(_text_:of in 1986) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032876056 = score(doc=1986,freq=6.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.47880095 = fieldWeight in 1986, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1986)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Imprint
- New York : National Academy of Sciences
- Source
- Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information
-
Taube, M.: Storage and retrieval of information by means of the association of ideas (1955)
0.00
0.0046965797 = product of:
0.032876056 = sum of:
0.032876056 = weight(_text_:of in 2587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032876056 = score(doc=2587,freq=6.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.47880095 = fieldWeight in 2587, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2587)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Bar-Hillel, Y.; Carnap, R.: ¬An outline of a theory of semantic information (1953)
0.00
0.0046965797 = product of:
0.032876056 = sum of:
0.032876056 = weight(_text_:of in 5512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032876056 = score(doc=5512,freq=6.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.47880095 = fieldWeight in 5512, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5512)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- British journal for the philosophy of science. 4(1953), S.147-157
-
Farradane, J.E.L.: ¬A scientific theory of classification and indexing and its practical applications (1950)
0.00
0.0041925358 = product of:
0.02934775 = sum of:
0.02934775 = weight(_text_:of in 1654) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02934775 = score(doc=1654,freq=34.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.4274153 = fieldWeight in 1654, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1654)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- A classification is a theory of the structure of knowledge. From a discussion of the nature of truth, it is held that scientific knowledge is the only knowledge which can be regarded as true. The method of induction from empirical data is therefore applied to the construction of a classification. Items of knowledge are divided into uniquely definable terms, called isolates, and the relations between them, called operators. It is shown that only four basic operators exist, expressing appurtenance, equivalence, reaction and causation; using symbols for these operators, all subjects can be analysed in a linear form called an analet. With the addition of the permissible permutations of such analets, formed according to simple rules, alphabetical arrangement of the first terms provide a complete, logical subject index. Examples are given, and possible difficulties are considered. A classification can then be constructed by selection of deductive relations, arranged in hierarchical form. The nature of possible classifications is discussed. It is claimed that such an inductively constructed classification is the only true representation of the structure of knowledge, and that these principles provide a simple technique for accurately and fully indexing and classifying any given set of data, with complete flexibility
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 6(1950), S.83-99
-
Cole, P.F.: ¬The analysis of reference question records as a guide to the information requirements of scientists (1958)
0.00
0.004109507 = product of:
0.028766548 = sum of:
0.028766548 = weight(_text_:of in 3866) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028766548 = score(doc=3866,freq=6.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.41895083 = fieldWeight in 3866, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3866)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 14(1958), S.197-207
-
Bar-Hillel, Y.; Carnap, R.: ¬An outline of a theory of semantic information (1952)
0.00
0.004063825 = product of:
0.028446773 = sum of:
0.028446773 = weight(_text_:of in 3369) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028446773 = score(doc=3369,freq=46.0), product of:
0.06866331 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.043909185 = queryNorm
0.41429368 = fieldWeight in 3369, product of:
6.78233 = tf(freq=46.0), with freq of:
46.0 = termFreq=46.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3369)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- In distinction to current Theory of Communication which treats amount of information as a measure of the statistical rarity of a message, a Theory of Semantic Information is outlined, in which the concept of information carried by a sentence within a given language system is treated as synonymous with the content of this sentence, normalized in a certain way, and the concept of amount of semantic information is explicated by various measures of this content, all based on logical probability functions ranging over the contents. Absolute and relative measures are distinguished, so are D-functions suitable for contexts where deductive reasoning alone is relevant and I-functions suitable for contexts where inductive reasoning is adequate. Of the two major types of amount of information investigated, the one, cont, is additive with respect to sentences whose contents are exclusive, the other, inf, with respect to sentences which are inductively independent. The latter turns out to be formally analogous to the customary information measure function. Various estimate functions of amount of information are investigated leading to generalized semantic correlates of concepts and theorems of current Communication Theory. A concept of semantic noise is tentatively defined, so are efficiency and redundancy of the conceptual framework of a language system. It is suggested that semantic information is a concept more readily applicable to psychological and other investigations than its communicational counterpart.
- Imprint
- Cambridge, Mass. : MIT / Research Laboratory of Electronics
