Search (32 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × author_ss:"Croft, W.B."
  1. Allan, J.; Callan, J.P.; Croft, W.B.; Ballesteros, L.; Broglio, J.; Xu, J.; Shu, H.: INQUERY at TREC-5 (1997) 0.07 
    0.07240096 = product of:
  0.14480191 = sum of:
    0.1106488 = weight(_text_:standards in 3103) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.1106488 = score(doc=3103,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22470023 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4569545 = idf(docFreq=1393, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.49242854 = fieldWeight in 3103, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.4569545 = idf(docFreq=1393, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3103)
    0.03415312 = product of:
      0.06830624 = sum of:
        0.06830624 = weight(_text_:22 in 3103) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06830624 = score(doc=3103,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17654699 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.050415643 = queryNorm
            0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 3103, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3103)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)
    Date
    27. 2.1999 20:55:22
    Imprint
    Gaithersburgh, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology
  2. Belkin, N.J.; Croft, W.B.: Retrieval techniques (1987) 0.04 
    0.04105504 = product of:
  0.08211008 = sum of:
    0.027465092 = weight(_text_:information in 334) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.027465092 = score(doc=334,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3103276 = fieldWeight in 334, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=334)
    0.054644987 = product of:
      0.109289974 = sum of:
        0.109289974 = weight(_text_:22 in 334) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.109289974 = score(doc=334,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17654699 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.050415643 = queryNorm
            0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 334, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=334)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)
    Source
    Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.109-145
  3. Allan, J.; Ballesteros, L.; Callan, J.P.; Croft, W.B.; Lu, Z.: Recent experiment with INQUERY (1996) 0.03 
    0.033194643 = product of:
  0.13277857 = sum of:
    0.13277857 = weight(_text_:standards in 7568) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.13277857 = score(doc=7568,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22470023 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4569545 = idf(docFreq=1393, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.59091425 = fieldWeight in 7568, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.4569545 = idf(docFreq=1393, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7568)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Imprint
    Gaithersburgh, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology
  4. Croft, W.B.: Advances in information retrieval : Recent research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval (2000) 0.03 
    0.027700689 = product of:
  0.055401377 = sum of:
    0.034159277 = weight(_text_:information in 6860) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.034159277 = score(doc=6860,freq=22.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.38596505 = fieldWeight in 6860, product of:
          4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
            22.0 = termFreq=22.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6860)
    0.021242103 = product of:
      0.042484205 = sum of:
        0.042484205 = weight(_text_:organization in 6860) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.042484205 = score(doc=6860,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17974974 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.050415643 = queryNorm
            0.23635197 = fieldWeight in 6860, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6860)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: CROFT, W.B.: Combining approaches to information retrieval; GREIFF, W.R.: The use of exploratory data analysis in information retrieval research; PONTE, J.M.: Language models for relevance feedback; PAPKA, R. u. J. ALLAN: Topic detection and tracking: event clustering as a basis for first story detection; CALLAN, J.: Distributed information retrieval; XU, J. u. W.B. CROFT: Topic-based language models for ditributed retrieval; LU, Z. u. K.S. McKINLEY: The effect of collection organization and query locality on information retrieval system performance; BALLESTEROS, L.A.: Cross-language retrieval via transitive translation; SANDERSON, M. u. D. LAWRIE: Building, testing, and applying concept hierarchies; RAVELA, S. u. C. LUO: Appearance-based global similarity retrieval of images
    Footnote
    Information retrieval - Relevanz - Information Retrieval Systeme - Verteilte Systeme - Multimedia - Bildverarbeitung
    LCSH
    Information retrieval
    Series
    The Kluwer international series on information retrieval; 7
    Subject
    Information retrieval
  5. Croft, W.B.: Automatic indexing : file organization and display for information retrieval (1989) 0.03 
    0.026284594 = product of:
  0.05256919 = sum of:
    0.017165681 = weight(_text_:information in 2412) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017165681 = score(doc=2412,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.19395474 = fieldWeight in 2412, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2412)
    0.035403505 = product of:
      0.07080701 = sum of:
        0.07080701 = weight(_text_:organization in 2412) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07080701 = score(doc=2412,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17974974 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.050415643 = queryNorm
            0.39391994 = fieldWeight in 2412, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2412)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)
  6. Croft, W.B.: What do people want from information retrieval? (1997) 0.02 
    0.023871778 = product of:
  0.047743555 = sum of:
    0.019420752 = weight(_text_:information in 589) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.019420752 = score(doc=589,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.21943474 = fieldWeight in 589, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=589)
    0.028322803 = product of:
      0.056645606 = sum of:
        0.056645606 = weight(_text_:organization in 589) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.056645606 = score(doc=589,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17974974 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.050415643 = queryNorm
            0.31513596 = fieldWeight in 589, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5653565 = idf(docFreq=3399, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=589)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)
    Imprint
    The Hague : International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)
    Source
    From classification to 'knowledge organization': Dorking revisited or 'past is prelude'. A collection of reprints to commemorate the firty year span between the Dorking Conference (First International Study Conference on Classification Research 1957) and the Sixth International Study Conference on Classification Research (London 1997). Ed.: A. Gilchrist
  7. Croft, W.B.: Approaches to intelligent information retrieval (1987) 0.01 
    0.009710376 = product of:
  0.038841505 = sum of:
    0.038841505 = weight(_text_:information in 1094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.038841505 = score(doc=1094,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.43886948 = fieldWeight in 1094, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1094)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Source
    Information processing and management. 23(1987), S.249-254
  8. Belkin, N.J.; Croft, W.B.: Information filtering and information retrieval : two sides of the same coin? (1992) 0.01 
    0.008919551 = product of:
  0.035678204 = sum of:
    0.035678204 = weight(_text_:information in 6093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.035678204 = score(doc=6093,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.40312737 = fieldWeight in 6093, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6093)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    One of nine articles in this issue of Communications of the ACM devoted to information filtering
  9. Ballesteros, L.; Croft, W.B.: Statistical methods for cross-language information retrieval (1998) 0.01 
    0.008919551 = product of:
  0.035678204 = sum of:
    0.035678204 = weight(_text_:information in 6303) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.035678204 = score(doc=6303,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.40312737 = fieldWeight in 6303, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6303)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Series
    The Kluwer International series on information retrieval
    Source
    Cross-language information retrieval. Ed.: G. Grefenstette
  10. Croft, W.B.; Metzler, D.; Strohman, T.: Search engines : information retrieval in practice (2010) 0.01 
    0.008539819 = product of:
  0.034159277 = sum of:
    0.034159277 = weight(_text_:information in 2605) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.034159277 = score(doc=2605,freq=22.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.38596505 = fieldWeight in 2605, product of:
          4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
            22.0 = termFreq=22.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2605)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    For introductory information retrieval courses at the undergraduate and graduate level in computer science, information science and computer engineering departments. Written by a leader in the field of information retrieval, Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice, is designed to give undergraduate students the understanding and tools they need to evaluate, compare and modify search engines. Coverage of the underlying IR and mathematical models reinforce key concepts. The book's numerous programming exercises make extensive use of Galago, a Java-based open source search engine. SUPPLEMENTS / Extensive lecture slides (in PDF and PPT format) / Solutions to selected end of chapter problems (Instructors only) / Test collections for exercises / Galago search engine
    LCSH
    Information retrieval
    Information Storage and Retrieval
    RSWK
    Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval
    Subject
    Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval
    Information retrieval
    Information Storage and Retrieval
  11. Xiaoyan Li, X.; Croft, W.B.: ¬An information-pattern-based approach to novelty detection (2008) 0.01 
    0.0072827823 = product of:
  0.02913113 = sum of:
    0.02913113 = weight(_text_:information in 2080) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02913113 = score(doc=2080,freq=16.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3291521 = fieldWeight in 2080, product of:
          4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
            16.0 = termFreq=16.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2080)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    In this paper, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. First, "novelty" is redefined based on the proposed information patterns, and several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of users' information needs. Second, a thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated using data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, a unified information-pattern-based approach to novelty detection (ip-BAND) is presented for both specific NE topics and more general topics. Experiments on novelty detection on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research directions are suggested.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.3, S.1159-1188
  12. Croft, W.B.; Lucia, T.J.; Cringean, J.: Retrieving documents by plausible inference : an experimental study (1989) 0.01 
    0.006866273 = product of:
  0.027465092 = sum of:
    0.027465092 = weight(_text_:information in 3915) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.027465092 = score(doc=3915,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3103276 = fieldWeight in 3915, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3915)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Source
    Information processing and management. 25(1989) no.6, S.519-614
  13. Croft, W.B.; Turtle, H.R.: Retrieval strategies for hypertext (1993) 0.01 
    0.006866273 = product of:
  0.027465092 = sum of:
    0.027465092 = weight(_text_:information in 4711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.027465092 = score(doc=4711,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3103276 = fieldWeight in 4711, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4711)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Source
    Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.3, S.313-324
  14. Croft, W.B.: Clustering large files of documents using the single link method (1977) 0.01 
    0.006866273 = product of:
  0.027465092 = sum of:
    0.027465092 = weight(_text_:information in 5489) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.027465092 = score(doc=5489,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3103276 = fieldWeight in 5489, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5489)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 28(1977), S.341-344
  15. Rajashekar, T.B.; Croft, W.B.: Combining automatic and manual index representations in probabilistic retrieval (1995) 0.01 
    0.006717136 = product of:
  0.026868545 = sum of:
    0.026868545 = weight(_text_:information in 2418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.026868545 = score(doc=2418,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.3035872 = fieldWeight in 2418, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2418)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    Results from research in information retrieval have suggested that significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness can be obtained by combining results from multiple index representioms, query formulations, and search strategies. The inference net model of retrieval, which was designed from this point of view, treats information retrieval as an evidental reasoning process where multiple sources of evidence about document and query content are combined to estimate relevance probabilities. Uses a system based on this model to study the retrieval effectiveness benefits of combining these types of document and query information that are found in typical commercial databases and information services. The results indicate that substantial real benefits are possible
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.4, S.272-283
  16. Croft, W.B.: Combining approaches to information retrieval (2000) 0.01 
    0.0063070743 = product of:
  0.025228297 = sum of:
    0.025228297 = weight(_text_:information in 6862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.025228297 = score(doc=6862,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.2850541 = fieldWeight in 6862, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6862)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    The combination of different text representations and search strategies has become a standard technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval. Combination, for example, has been studied extensively in the TREC evaluations and is the basis of the "meta-search" engines used on the Web. This paper examines the development of this technique, including both experimental results and the retrieval models that have been proposed as formal frameworks for combination. We show that combining approaches for information retrieval can be modeled as combining the outputs of multiple classifiers based on one or more representations, and that this simple model can provide explanations for many of the experimental results. We also show that this view of combination is very similar to the inference net model, and that a new approach to retrieval based on language models supports combination and can be integrated with the inference net model
    Series
    The Kluwer international series on information retrieval; 7
    Source
    Advances in information retrieval: Recent research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval. Ed.: W.B. Croft
  17. Turtle, H.; Croft, W.B.: Inference networks for document retrieval (1990) 0.01 
    0.006068985 = product of:
  0.02427594 = sum of:
    0.02427594 = weight(_text_:information in 1936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02427594 = score(doc=1936,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.27429342 = fieldWeight in 1936, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1936)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Footnote
    Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.287-298
    Source
    Proceedings of the thirteenth international conference on research and development in information retrieval
  18. Callan, J.; Croft, W.B.; Broglio, J.: TREC and TIPSTER experiments with INQUERY (1995) 0.01 
    0.006068985 = product of:
  0.02427594 = sum of:
    0.02427594 = weight(_text_:information in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.02427594 = score(doc=1944,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.27429342 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Footnote
    Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.436-439.
    Source
    Information processing and management. 31(1995) no.3, S.327-343
  19. Krovetz, R.; Croft, W.B.: Lexical ambiguity and information retrieval (1992) 0.01 
    0.006007989 = product of:
  0.024031956 = sum of:
    0.024031956 = weight(_text_:information in 4028) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.024031956 = score(doc=4028,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 4028, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4028)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Abstract
    Reports on an analysis of lexical ambiguity in information retrieval text collections and on experiments to determine the utility of word meanings for separating relevant from nonrelevant documents. Results show that there is considerable ambiguity even in a specialised database. Word senses provide a significant separation between relevant and nonrelevant documents, but several factors contribute to determining whether disambiguation will make an improvement in performance such as: resolving lexical ambiguity was found to have little impact on retrieval effectiveness for documents that have many words in common with the query. Discusses other uses of word sense disambiguation in an information retrieval context
    Source
    ACM transactions on information systems. 10(1992) no.2, S.115-141
  20. Croft, W.B.; Thompson, R.H.: I3R: a new approach to the desing of document retrieval systems (1987) 0.01 
    0.006007989 = product of:
  0.024031956 = sum of:
    0.024031956 = weight(_text_:information in 3898) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.024031956 = score(doc=3898,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.08850355 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.050415643 = queryNorm
        0.27153665 = fieldWeight in 3898, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          1.7554779 = idf(docFreq=20772, maxDocs=44218)
          0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3898)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 38(1987), S.389-404

Authors

Years

Types

  • a 28
  • el 2
  • m 2
  • s 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications