Search (25 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

While most research in the area of human-information behavior has focused an a single dimension-either the psychological or the social-this case study demonstrated the importance of a multidimensional approach. The Cognitive Work Analysis framework guided this field study of one event of collaborative information retrieval (CIR) carried out by design engineers at Microsoft, including observations and interviews. Various dimensions explained the motives for this CIR event and the challenges the participants encountered: the cognitive dimension, the specific task and decision, the organization of the teamwork, and the organizational culture. Even though it is difficult at times to separate one dimension from another, and all are interdependent, the analysis uncovered several reasons for design engineers to engage in CIR, such as when they are new to the organization or the team, when the information lends itself to various interpretations, or when most of the needed information is not documented. Similar multidimensional studies will enhance our understanding of human-information behavior.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.11, S.939-953

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Date

5. 8.2006 13:22:44

Source

Theory and application of information research. Proc. of the 2nd Int. Research Forum on Information Science, 3.-6.8.1977, Copenhagen. Ed.: O. Harbo u, L. Kajberg

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Abstract

Information retrieval and exploration of work domains through databases and integrated information systems has become increasingly important in many modern work settings (as well as in libraries). The problem space of the users is defined on occasion by the dynamically changing requirements from their tasks and goals. it is argued that IR system design should be based on an analysis of the properties of the work domain, the task situation and the user characteristics. The paper describes a general framework for IR system design that has been used in the design of a library system. A special problem identified from use of the framework in domain analysis of fiction retrieval is treated in more detail: mapping the authors' domain structures to the domain structures expressed in users' needs in indexing and representation of fiction

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.4

Source

Knowledge organization and quality management: Proc. of the 3rd International ISKO Conference, 20-24 June 1994, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ed.: H. Albrechtsen et al

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Abstract

The BOOK HOUSE system is an example of a system for fiction retrieval, where the structure of the work domain is represented by a metaphor familiar to users, which provides the proper associations for the information retrieval task. It presents for users a coherent display of a complex, rich information context within which they can navigate freely without being constrained by the system. It is intended to support retrieval and decision making of fiction retrieval in both familiar, ambigous and problematic situations for casual, novice end users, to whom it provides the capability of visual exploration of icons and direct perception and manipulation of the iconic objects of the artificial, but familiar, environment of the BOOK HOUSE

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.2

Source

Tools for knowledge organization and the human interface. Vol.2. Proc. 1st Int. ISKO-Conf. ... Ed.: R. Fugmann

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Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.9

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

This paper introduces a new approach to the design of classification schemes for complex work domains to help structure the knowledge domains in databases for single users and multiple users in co-operative work. Ecological work based classification schemes are designed on the basis of an empirical analysis of the invariant structures of the work domain and of the information needs of its actors. Invariant structures of a work domain can be explicit or implicit (hidden structures). The invariant structures are identified through empirical analysis of field studies in work domains, guided by the use of a means ends abstraction hierarchy. This hierarchy provides a model for analyzing, or-ganizing and relating different levels of properties within a work domain. The resulting structure is an ecological classification scheme, comprising the different dimensions or categories of domain information that needs to be available for an actor to make a decision. Contrary to traditional classification systems which usually are designed from one particular point of view (a single discipline, paradigm or purpose), ecological classification schemes provide a transparent and structured information environment in which actors can navigate freely according to their current perspectives of work and subjective preferences

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.7

Source

Dynamism and stability in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 6th International ISKO-Conference, 10-13 July 2000, Toronto, Canada. Ed.: C. Beghtol et al

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Abstract

Collaborative integration of knowledge in distributed and cross-disciplinary work domains poses a number of challenges to classification, comprising: 1) how to analyze the actors' current practice of integration of knowledge and 2) how to model consistent semantic support of diverse interpretive perspectives among the actors. This paper introduces a cognitive systems engineering approach to modelling collaborative integration of knowledge in work domains. A generic means-ends model provides a theoretical foundation for mapping the territory of collaborative work. A decision task model captures the actors' distributed decision-making in integration of knowledge. The problem of collaborative integration of knowledge in a distributed web-based film collaboratory is explored through an empirical case of collaborative film indexing. The empirical study identified a lack of tools for consistent support of integration of knowledge. The means-ends model and the decision task model guided the design of a conceptual structure of the common workspace of film indexing. The paper concludes with a proposal for further work an models for integration of knowledge through ecological classification schemes. 1. Introduction Current work practice and knowledge production to an increasing degree involves actors from different disciplines, cultures and organisations. Additionally, current work practice not only relies an authoritative orderings of knowledge, but also relies an the dynamism of the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, i.e. their shared interpretations of knowledge, exchange of perspectives and joint knowledge production. Consequently, in order to support the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, the design of support tools, like classification schemes, must address not only the order of knowledge, but also the situational contexts where collaborative integration of knowledge occurs. This paper introduces an ecological approach to integration of knowledge across boundaries in distributed collaboratory work environments, which is founded an (a) work domain analysis (b) the development of models for collaborative integration of knowledge. The work domain analysis is based an means-ends analysis of the territory of work and the actors' information needs during decision making. The result is conceptual structures of collaborative work that can be used to create collaborative classification schemes. Previous work an design of ecological classification schemes proposed that such schemes should be based an a finegrained empirical analysis of actors' collaborative decision tasks in order to identify the knowledge produced and needed by the actors (Pejtersen & Albrechtsen, 2000).

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.8

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

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Abstract

Issues concerning the formulation and application of a model of how humans value information are examined. Formulation of a value function is based on research from modelling, value assessment, human information seeking behavior, and human decision making. The proposed function is incorporated into a computer-based fiction retrieval system and evaluated using data from nine searches. Evaluation is based on the ability of an individual's value function to discriminate among novels selected, rejected, and not considered. The results are discussed in terms of both formulation and utilization of a value function as well as the implications for extending the proposed formulation to other information seeking environments

Source

Information processing and management. 20(1984), S.583-601

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Source

Proceedings of the 12th Annual Internation ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Ed.: N. Belkin et al

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Abstract

Cognitive systems engineering is the discipline underlying the design of computer-based information systems to support human work and endeavor. The book describes a cross-disciplinary framework for the integration of model concenpts from many different disciplines, such as engineering, psychology, cognitive science, management science, information and computer science. It is based on actual work performance in several domains

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Source

Knowledge organization. 30(2003) nos.3/4, S.213-227

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Source

Social science information studies. 4(1984), S.167-183

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Source

Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conf. for Information and Documentation, Aarhus, Denmark, 28.-30.8.1989. Ed.: H. Clausen

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Source

2nd Symposium on Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science, 3.-5.10.84, Atlanta

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Source

Empirical foundation of information and software science. Ed.: J.C. Agarwal u. P. Zunde

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Source

The marketing of library and information services, 2. Ed.: B. Cronin

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Abstract

This paper presents a framework for design of work support systems for modern, dynamic work environemnt in which stable work procedures are replaced with discretionary tasks and many action possibilities are available to the user. In this situation, classic task analysis is less effective and a framework is therefore presented for work analysis, separating a representation of the work domain, its means and ends, its relational structure, and the effective task strategies among which the user may choose, from a representation of the users' general background, resources, cognitive style and subjective preferences. The aim is to design systems for information seeking in complex work domains characterized by rapid changes in users' information needs that leave the freedom open to a user to choose a task strategy that suites the user in the particular situation. An important feature of this approach is a human-work interface with a transparent presentation of the action possibilities and functional/intentional boundaries of the work domain relevant for typical task situations and user categories. This is illustrated by examples from 2 different domains that merge the cognitive engineering approach with information science disciplines: the library domain, and information seeking in the engineering design domain using the Internet