-
Thomas, A.R.; Roe, S.K.: ¬An interview with Dr. Amy J. Warner (2004)
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- Abstract
- Amy Warner, Project Leader for NISO's Thesaurus Development Team, discusses her involvement in the revision of Z39.19 Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Thesauri. Keywords: Z39.19 Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Thesauri, thesaurus standards, controlled vocabulary standards, National Information Standards Organization, NISO
-
Milstead, J.L.: Standards for relationships between subject indexing terms (2001)
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- Abstract
- Relationships between the terms in thesauri and Indexes are the subject of national and international standards. The standards for thesauri enumerate and provide criteria for three basic types of relationship: equivalence, hierarchical, and associative. Standards and guidelines for indexes draw an the thesaurus standards to provide less detailed guidance for showing relationships between the terms used in an Index. The international standard for multilingual thesauri adds recommendations for assuring equal treatment of the languages of a thesaurus. The present standards were developed when lookup and search were essentially manual, and the value of the kinds of relationships has never been determined. It is not clear whether users understand or can use the distinctions between kinds of relationships. On the other hand, sophisticated text analysis systems may be able both to assist with development of more powerful term relationship schemes and to use the relationships to improve retrieval.
- Series
- Information science and knowledge management; vol.2
- Source
- Relationships in the organization of knowledge. Eds.: Bean, C.A. u. R. Green
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.; Gilchrist, A.; Will, L.: Revision and extension of thesaurus standards (2004)
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- Abstract
- The current standards for monolingual and multilingual thesauri are long overdue for an update. This applies to the international standards ISO 2788 and ISO 5964, as well as the corresponding national standards in several countries and the American standard ANSI/NISO Z39.19. Work is now under way in the UK and in the USA to revise and extend the standards, with particular emphasis on interoperability needs in our world of vast electronic networks. Work in the UK is starting with the British Standards, in the hope of leading on to one international standard to serve all. Some of the issues still under discussion include the treatment of facet analysis, coverage of additional types of controlled vocabulary such as classification schemes, taxonomies and ontologies, and mapping from one vocabulary to another. 1. Are thesaurus standards still needed? Since the 1960s, even before the renowned Cranfield experiments (Cleverdon et al., 1966; Cleverdon, 1967) arguments have raged over the usefulness or otherwise of controlled vocabularies. The case has never been proved definitively one way or the other. At the same time, a recognition has become widespread that no one search method can answer all retrieval requirements. In today's environment of very large networks of resources, the skilled information professional uses a range of techniques. Among these, controlled vocabularies are valued alongside others. The first international standard for monolingual thesauri was issued in 1974. In those days, the main application was for postcoordinate indexing and retrieval from document collections or bibliographic databases. For many information professionals the only practicable alternative to a thesaurus was a classification scheme. And so the thesaurus developed a strong following. After computer systems with full text search capability became widely available, however, the arguments against controlled vocabularies gained more followers. The cost of building and maintaining a thesaurus or a classification scheme was a strong disincentive. Today's databases are typically immense compared with those three decades ago. Full text searching is taken for granted, not just in discrete databases but across all the resources in an intranet or even the Internet. But intranets have brought particular frustration as users discover that despite all the computer power, they cannot find items which they know to be present an the network. So the trend against controlled vocabularies is now being reversed, as many information professionals are turning to them for help. Standards to guide them are still in demand.
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.9
- Source
- Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Planning controlled vocabularies for the UK public sector (2003)
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- Abstract
- In the UK, the aim to make public sector information much more available to the citizen has led to establishment of an "e-Govemment Interoperability Framework" based an a set of core standards. Among the standards is a controlled vocabulary, known as the Govemment Category List (GCL), used to select keywords for the metadata of all electronic resources originating from central or local govemment. The GCL is a small and simple taxonomy, designed to facilitate high-level browsing rather than deep searching. Specialized thesauri for particular subject areas may optionally complement the GCL. To ease the indexing burden, GCL terms will often be selected by direct mapping from the specialized vocabularies.
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.8
- Source
- Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas
-
Aitchison, J.: Subject control : Thesaurus construction standards (1991)
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- Abstract
- Gives an overview of recommendations given in the International and British Standards for construction of thesauri. Details: vocabulary control of monolingual thesauri, form and chooice of terms, homographs and polysemes, scope notes and definitions, compound terms, displaying and distinguishing basic relationships linking terms, multilingual aspects, thesaurus displays, and construction techniques. Outlines the future of the thesaurus and thesaurus standards
- Source
- Standards for the international exchange of bibliographic information: papers presented at a course held at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, 3-18 August 1990. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
-
Naumis Pena, C.: Evaluation of educational thesauri (2006)
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- Abstract
- For years, Mexico has had a distance learning system backed by television-signal-transmitted videos. The change to digital and computer transmission demands organizing the information system and its subject contents through a thesaurus. To prepare the thesaurus, an evaluation of existing thesauri and standards for data exchange was carried out, aimed at retrieving subject contents and scheduling broadcasting. Methodology for evaluating thesauri was proposed, compared with a virtual educational platform and a basic structure for setting up the information system was recommended.
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.10
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: ¬The Information Retrieval Thesaurus (2019)
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- Abstract
- In the post-war period before computers were readily available, urgent demand for scientific and industrial develop-ment stimulated research and development (R&D) that led to the birth of the information retrieval thesaurus. This article traces the early history, speciation and progressive improvement of the thesaurus to reach the state now conveyed by guidelines in inter-national and national standards. Despite doubts about the effec-tiveness of the thesaurus throughout this period, and notwith-standing the dominance of Google and other search engines in the information retrieval (IR) scene today, the thesaurus still plays a complementary part in the organization of knowledge and in-formation resources. Success today depends on interoperability, and is opening up opportunities in linked data applications. At the same time, the IR demand from workers in the knowledge society drives interest in hybrid forms of knowledge organization system (KOS) that may pool the genes of thesauri with those of ontologies and classification schemes.
- Object
- Information Retrieval Thesaurus
- Series
- Reviews of concepts in knowledge organization
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 46(2019) no.6, S.439-459
-
Berti, Jr., D.W.; Lima, G.; Maculan, B.; Soergel, D.: Computer-assisted checking of conceptual relationships in a large thesaurus (2018)
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- Date
- 17. 1.2019 19:04:22
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16
- Source
- Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira
-
ISO 25964-2: Der Standard für die Interoperabilität von Thesauri (2013)
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- Content
- Der vollständige Titel von Teil 2 lautet "Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Teil 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies". Wichtige Themen, die der Standard behandelt, sind Strukturmodelle für das Mapping, Richtlinien für Mappingtypen und der Umgang mit Präkombination, die besonders bei Klassifikationen, Taxonomien und Schlagwortsystemen vorkommt. Das primäre Augenmerk von ISO 25964 gilt den Thesauri, und mit Ausnahme von Terminologien existieren keine vergleichbaren Standards für die anderen Vokabulartypen. Statt zu versuchen, diese normativ darzustellen, behandelt Teil 2 ausschließlich die Interoperabilität zwischen ihnen und den Thesauri. Die Kapitel für die einzelnen Vokabulartypen decken jeweils folgende Sachverhalte ab: - Schlüsseleigenschaften des Vokabulars (deskriptiv, nicht normativ) - Semantische Komponenten/Beziehungen (deskriptiv, nicht normativ) Sofern anwendbar, Empfehlungen für das Mapping zwischen Vokabular und Thesaurus (normativ).
Im Fall von Ontologien, Terminologien und Synonymringen ist das Mapping in oder aus einem Thesaurus nicht immer nützlich. Hier sind andere Formen sich gegenseitig befruchtender Nutzung zu empfehlen. Dies gilt besonders für Ontologien, die im Kontext des Semantischen Web kombiniert mit Thesauri eingesetzt werden können. ISO 25964-2 zeigt die Unterschiede zwischen Thesauri und Ontologien auf und gibt Beispiele für die Möglichkeiten interoperabler Funktionen. Praktische Implementation und weiterführende Arbeiten Und was bedeutet dies für SKOS, dem W3C-Standard für die Veröffentlichung von Simple Knowledge Organization Systems im Web? Die Arbeitsgruppen von SKOS und ISO 25964 haben glücklicherweise eng zusammengearbeitet, was sich in einer guten Kompatibilität der beiden Standards äußert. Gemeinsam haben sie eine Tabelle erarbeitet, die die Übereinstimmungen zwischen den Datenmodellen von ISO 25964 und SKOS/SKOS-XL aufzeigt und nun beim ISO 25964-Sekretariat unter http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/frei zugänglich ist. Die Tabelle ist formal kein Bestandteil der beiden Standards, aber von beiden abhängig. Das macht sie zu einem Beispiel für die Entwicklung praktischer Tools für das sich erweiternde Semantische Web durch die Gemeinschaft seiner Nutzer."
-
García Marco, F.J. et al: Proyectos internacionales de reforma y ampliación de las normas sobre tesauros para su adaptación a los nuevos contextos de integración e interoperabilidad en el entorno digital (2007)
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- Footnote
- Originaltitel: International projects for the reform and amplification of standards for thesauri to suit the new contexts of integration and interoperability in the digital environment
- Source
- ¬La interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad en la organización del conocimiento científico : actas del VIII Congreso ISKO-España, León, 18, 19 y 20 de Abril de 2007 : Interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in the organization of scientific knowledge. Ed.: B. Rodriguez Bravo u. M.L Alvite Diez
-
Aitchison, J.; Dextre Clarke, S.G.: ¬The Thesaurus : a historical viewpoint, with a look to the future (2004)
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- Abstract
- After a period of experiment and evolution in the 1950s and 1960s, a fairly standard format for thesauri was established with the publication of the influential Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TEST) in 1967. This and other early thesauri relied primarily an the presentation of terms in alphabetical order. The value of a classified presentation was subsequently realised, and in particular the technique of facet analysis has profoundly influenced thesaurus evolution. Thesaurofacet and the Art & Architecture Thesaurus have acted as models for two distinct breeds of thesaurus using faceted displays of terms. As of the 1990s, the expansion of end-user access to vast networked resources is imposing further requirements an the style and structure of controlled vocabularies. The international standards for thesauri, first conceived in a print-based era, are badly in need of updating. Work is in hand in the UK and the USA to revise and develop standards in support of electronic thesauri.
- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:46:13
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Thesaural relationships (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:45:57
- Series
- Information science and knowledge management; vol.2
- Source
- Relationships in the organization of knowledge. Eds.: Bean, C.A. u. R. Green
-
Lacasta, J.; Falquet, G.; Nogueras Iso, J.N.; Zarazaga-Soria, J.: ¬A software processing chain for evaluating thesaurus quality (2017)
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- Abstract
- Thesauri are knowledge models commonly used for information classication and retrieval whose structure is dened by standards that describe the main features the concepts and relations must have. However, following these standards requires a deep knowledge of the field the thesaurus is going to cover and experience in their creation. To help in this task, this paper describes a software processing chain that provides dierent validation components that evaluates the quality of the main thesaurus features.
- Series
- Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI; 10151
-
McCulloch, E.: Thesauri: practical guidance for construction (2005)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - With the growing recognition that thesauri aid information retrieval, organisations are beginning to adopt, and in many cases, create thesauri. This paper offers some guidance on the construction process. Design/methodology/approach - An opinion piece with a practical focus, based on recent experiences gleaned from consultancy work. Findings - A number of steps can be taken to ensure any thesaurus under construction is fit for purpose. Due consideration is therefore given to aspects such as term selection, structure and notation, thesauri standards, software and Web display issues, thesauri evaluation and maintenance. This paper also notes that creating new subject schemes from scratch, however attractive, contributes to the plethora of terminologies currently in existence and can limit user searching within particular contexts. The decision to create a "new" thesaurus should therefore be taken carefully and observance of standards is paramount. Practical implications - This paper offers advice to assist practitioners in the development of thesauri. Originality/value - Useful guidance for those practitioners new to the area of thesaurus construction is provided, together with an overview of selected key processes involved in the construction of a thesaurus.
-
Schmitz-Esser, W.: Thesaurus and beyond : an advanced formula for linguistic engineering and information retrieval (1999)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization. 26(1999) no.1, S.10-22
-
Somers, H.L.: Observations on standards and guidelines concerning thesaurus construction (1981)
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- Abstract
- An attempt is made to compare the existing standards and guidelines for thesaurus consruction and development, focussing particularly on the ISO, BSI standards as well as on the guidelines suggested by Aitchison and Gilchrist, and UNISIST. The different facets/aspects considered are: linguistic aspects of thesauri; formal requirements suggested by the standards/guidelines with special emphasis on problems associated with the compound terms, homographs, forms of terms, etc.; semantic relationships between terms - synonymy, BT/NT, and associativity; problems peculiar to multilingual thesauri, especially the problem of inexact equivalence between terms; and presentation and arrangement of terms in a thesaurus
-
Scheven, E.: ¬Die neue Thesaurusnorm ISO 25964 und die GND (2017)
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- Source
- Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen: Proceedings der 13. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) und dem 13. Internationalen Symposium der Informationswissenschaft der Higher Education Association for Information Science (HI) Potsdam (19.-20.03.2013): 'Theory, Information and Organization of Knowledge' / Proceedings der 14. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) und Natural Language & Information Systems (NLDB) Passau (16.06.2015): 'Lexical Resources for Knowledge Organization' / Proceedings des Workshops der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) auf der SEMANTICS Leipzig (1.09.2014): 'Knowledge Organization and Semantic Web' / Proceedings des Workshops der Polnischen und Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation (ISKO) Cottbus (29.-30.09.2011): 'Economics of Knowledge Production and Organization'. Hrsg. von W. Babik, H.P. Ohly u. K. Weber
-
Byrne, C.C.; McCracken, S.A.: ¬An adaptive thesaurus employing semantic distance, relational inheritance and nominal compound interpretation for linguistic support of information retrieval (1999)
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- Date
- 15. 3.2000 10:22:37
- Source
- Journal of information science. 25(1999) no.2, S.113-131
-
Youlin, Z.; Baptista Nunes, J.M.; Zhonghua, D.: Construction and evolution of a Chinese Information Science and Information Service (CIS&IS) onto-thesaurus (2014)
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- Abstract
- Thesauri are the most important tools for information and knowledge organization, and they undergo regular improvements according to the rapid development of new requirements and affordances of emerging information techniques. This paper attempts to integrate ontology into the conceptual organization scheme of thesauri and proposes a new solution to extend the functionality of thesauri based on ontological features, which is termed here as an onto-thesaurus. In this study, a prototype system named the Chinese Information Science and Information Service onto-thesaurus system (CIS&IS), was developed to analyze ontothesaurus with the category of information science and information service in the Chinese Topic Classification Dictionary with a two-stage approach. The first stage aims to define and construct the onto-thesaurus. The second stage aims to realize the evolution function of onto-thesaurus. The main purpose of this system was to achieve the function of self-learning and auto-evolution and to enable a much more effective conceptual retrieval by the newly proposed onto-thesaurus.
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 41(2014) no.2, S.131-144
-
Miranda Guedes, R. de; Aparecida Moura, M.: Semantic warrant, cultural hospitality and knowledge representation in multicultural contexts : experiments with the use of the EuroVoc and UNBIS thesauri (2018)
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- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.16
- Source
- Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira
