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Stein, R.; Gottschewski, J.; Heuchert, R.; Ermert, A.; Hagedorn-Saupe, M.; Hansen, H.-J.; Saro, C.; Scheffel, R.; Schulte-Dornberg, G.: ¬Das CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model : Eine Hilfe für den Datenaustausch? (2005)
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- Pages
- 35 S
- Type
- r
-
Weller, K.: Ontologien (2013)
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- Pages
- S.207-218
- Source
- Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis. 6., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, W. Semar u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried
- Type
- a
-
Knorz, G.; Rein, B.: Semantische Suche in einer Hochschulontologie (2005)
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- Abstract
- Ontologien werden eingesetzt, um durch semantische Fundierung insbesondere für das Dokumentenretrieval eine grundlegend bessere Basis zu haben, als dies gegenwärtiger Stand der Technik ist. Vorgestellt wird eine an der FH Darmstadt entwickelte und eingesetzte Ontologie, die den Gegenstandsbereich Hochschule sowohl breit abdecken und gleichzeitig differenziert semantisch beschreiben soll. Das Problem der semantischen Suche besteht nun darin, dass sie für Informationssuchende so einfach wie bei gängigen Suchmaschinen zu nutzen sein soll, und gleichzeitig auf der Grundlage des aufwendigen Informationsmodells hochwertige Ergebnisse liefern muss. Es wird beschrieben, welche Möglichkeiten die verwendete Software K-Infinity bereitstellt und mit welchem Konzept diese Möglichkeiten für eine semantische Suche nach Dokumenten und anderen Informationseinheiten (Personen, Veranstaltungen, Projekte etc.) eingesetzt werden.
- Date
- 11. 2.2011 18:22:58
- Object
- K-Infinity
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 56(2005) H.5/6, S.281-290
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
- Type
- a
-
Järvelin, K.; Kristensen, J.; Niemi, T.; Sormunen, E.; Keskustalo, H.: ¬A deductive data model for query expansion (1996)
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- Abstract
- We present a deductive data model for concept-based query expansion. It is based on three abstraction levels: the conceptual, linguistic and occurrence levels. Concepts and relationships among them are represented at the conceptual level. The expression level represents natural language expressions for concepts. Each expression has one or more matching models at the occurrence level. Each model specifies the matching of the expression in database indices built in varying ways. The data model supports a concept-based query expansion and formulation tool, the ExpansionTool, for environments providing heterogeneous IR systems. Expansion is controlled by adjustable matching reliability.
- Pages
- S.235-243
- Source
- Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (ACM SIGIR '96), Zürich, Switzerland, August 18-22, 1996. Eds.: H.P. Frei et al
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
- Type
- a
-
Bringsjord, S.; Clark, M.; Taylor, J.: Sophisticated knowledge representation and reasoning requires philosophy (2014)
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- Abstract
- What is knowledge representation and reasoning (KR&R)? Alas, a thorough account would require a book, or at least a dedicated, full-length paper, but here we shall have to make do with something simpler. Since most readers are likely to have an intuitive grasp of the essence of KR&R, our simple account should suffice. The interesting thing is that this simple account itself makes reference to some of the foundational distinctions in the field of philosophy. These distinctions also play a central role in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science. To begin with, the first distinction in KR&R is that we identify knowledge with knowledge that such-and-such holds (possibly to a degree), rather than knowing how. If you ask an expert tennis player how he manages to serve a ball at 130 miles per hour on his first serve, and then serve a safer, topspin serve on his second should the first be out, you may well receive a confession that, if truth be told, this athlete can't really tell you. He just does it; he does something he has been doing since his youth. Yet, there is no denying that he knows how to serve. In contrast, the knowledge in KR&R must be expressible in declarative statements. For example, our tennis player knows that if his first serve lands outside the service box, it's not in play. He thus knows a proposition, conditional in form.
- Date
- 9. 2.2017 19:22:14
- Pages
- S.99-119
- Source
- Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
- Type
- a
-
Green, R.: Semantic types, classes, and instantiation (2006)
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- Abstract
- Semantic types provide a level of abstraction over particulars with shared behavior, such as in the participant structure of semantic frames. The paper presents a preliminary investigation, drawing on data from WordNet and FrameNet, into the relationship between hierarchical level and the semantic types that name frame elements (a.k.a. slots). Patterns discovered include: (1) The level of abstraction of a frame is generally matched by the level of abstraction of its frame elements. (2) The roles played by persons tend to be expressed very specifically. (3) Frame elements that mirror the name of the frame tend to be expressed specifically. (4) Some frame participants tend to be expressed at a constant (general) level of abstraction, regardless of the level of abstraction of the overall frame.
- Pages
- S.151-157
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Schmitz-Esser, W.: Formalizing terminology-based knowledge for an ontology independently of a particular language (2008)
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- Abstract
- Last word ontological thought and practice is exemplified on an axiomatic framework [a model for an Integrative Cross-Language Ontology (ICLO), cf. Poli, R., Schmitz-Esser, W., forthcoming 2007] that is highly general, based on natural language, multilingual, can be implemented as topic maps and may be openly enhanced by software available for particular languages. Basics of ontological modelling, conditions for construction and maintenance, and the most salient points in application are addressed, such as cross-language text mining and knowledge generation. The rationale is to open the eyes for the tremendous potential of terminology-based ontologies for principled Knowledge Organization and the interchange and reuse of formalized knowledge.
- Pages
- S.124-137
- Source
- Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Poli, R.: Upper ontologies hold it together (2008)
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- Abstract
- After presenting some of the basic features of upper ontologies, the thesis is defended that all the relations needed by any concrete application can be generated by a small set of general relations, by adding proper ontological constraints to the general relations' arguments. This procedure provides an explicit and verifiable grounding to all forms of knowledge managements, including acquisition, interchange, integration, reuse, merging, aligning and updating knowledge. Upper ontologies therefore provide cues for developing both unification and decomposition methods. Finally, upper ontologies pave the ground for enhancing automatic reasoning and other machine-oriented procedures. I conclude by mentioning a difficulty in the theory of semantic fields.
- Pages
- S.138-144
- Source
- Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Handbook on ontologies (2004)
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- Abstract
- An ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. The concept is important for the purpose of enabling knowledge sharing and reuse. The Handbook on Ontologies provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospectives of the field of ontologies. The handbook demonstrates standards that have been created recently, it surveys methods that have been developed and it shows how to bring both into practice of ontology infrastructures and applications that are the best of their kind.
- Classification
- TXV (FH K)
- Editor
- Staab, S. u. R. Studer
- GHBS
- TXV (FH K)
- Pages
- XV, 660 S
- Type
- s
-
Mainzer, K.: ¬The emergence of self-conscious systems : from symbolic AI to embodied robotics (2014)
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- Abstract
- Knowledge representation, which is today used in database applications, artificial intelligence (AI), software engineering and many other disciplines of computer science has deep roots in logic and philosophy. In the beginning, there was Aristotle (384 bc-322 bc) who developed logic as a precise method for reasoning about knowledge. Syllogisms were introduced as formal patterns for representing special figures of logical deductions. According to Aristotle, the subject of ontology is the study of categories of things that exist or may exist in some domain. In modern times, Descartes considered the human brain as a store of knowledge representation. Recognition was made possible by an isomorphic correspondence between internal geometrical representations (ideae) and external situations and events. Leibniz was deeply influenced by these traditions. In his mathesis universalis, he required a universal formal language (lingua universalis) to represent human thinking by calculation procedures and to implement them by means of mechanical calculating machines. An ars iudicandi should allow every problem to be decided by an algorithm after representation in numeric symbols. An ars iveniendi should enable users to seek and enumerate desired data and solutions of problems. In the age of mechanics, knowledge representation was reduced to mechanical calculation procedures. In the twentieth century, computational cognitivism arose in the wake of Turing's theory of computability. In its functionalism, the hardware of a computer is related to the wetware of the human brain. The mind is understood as the software of a computer.
- Pages
- S.57-65
- Source
- Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
- Type
- a
-
Loehrlein, A.; Jacob, E.K.; Lee, S.; Yang, K.: Development of heuristics in a hybrid approach to faceted classification (2006)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes work in progress to identify automated methods to complement and streamline the intellectual process in the generation of faceted schemes. It reports on the development of the word pair heuristic, the suffix heuristic, and the WordNet heuristic, and how the three heuristics integrate to produce an initial organization of terms from which a classificationist can more efficiently construct a faceted vocabulary.
- Pages
- S.255-261
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Thellefsen, M.: ¬The dynamics of information representation and knowledge mediation (2006)
0.02
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- Abstract
- This paper present an alternative approach to knowledge organization based on semiotic reasoning. The semantic distance between domain specific terminology and KOS is analyzed by means of their different sign systems. It is argued that a faceted approach may provide the means needed to minimize the gap between knowledge domains and KOS.
- Pages
- S.279-286
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Smolnik, S.; Nastansky, L.: K-Discovery : Identifikation von verteilten Wissensstrukturen in einer prozessorientierten Groupware-Umgebung (2004)
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- Abstract
- Verschiedene Szenarien in Groupware-basierten Umgebungen verdeutlichen die Probleme, Wissensstrukturen im Allgemeinen und organisationale Wissensstrukturen im Speziellen zu identifizieren. Durch den Einsatz von Topic Maps, definiert im ISOStandard "ISO/IEC 13250 Topic Maps", in Groupware-basierten organisationalen Wissensbasen wird es möglich, die Lücke zwischen Wissen und Information zu schließen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ziele des Forschungsprojektes K-Discovery - der Einsatz von Topic Maps in Groupware-basierten Umgebungen - vorgestellt. Aufbauend auf diesen Zielen wird ein Architekturmodell sowie zwei Implementationsansätze präsentiert, in dem durch den Einsatz von Topic Maps in einer prozessorientierten GroupwareUmgebung Wissensstrukturen generiert werden. Der Beitrag schließt mit einigen abschließenden Ausführungen.
- Object
- K-Discovery
- Pages
- S.171-184
- Source
- Wissensorganisation und Edutainment: Wissen im Spannungsfeld von Gesellschaft, Gestaltung und Industrie. Proceedings der 7. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Berlin, 21.-23.3.2001. Hrsg.: C. Lehner, H.P. Ohly u. G. Rahmstorf
- Type
- a
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Falkenberg, E.; Hesse, W.; Lindgreen, P.; Nilsson, B.E.; Oei, J.L.H.; Rolland, C.; Stamper, R.K.; Van Assche, F.J.M.; Verrijn-Stuart, A.A.; Voss, K.: FRISCO - A framework of information system concepts : the FRISCO report; final draft (1996)
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- Pages
- xxx S
- Type
- r
-
Balakrishnan, U,; Soergel, D.; Helfer, O.: Representing concepts through description logic expressions for knowledge organization system (KOS) mapping (2020)
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- Pages
- S.455-459
- Type
- a
-
Nguyen, P.H.P.; Kaneiwa, K.; Nguyen, M.-Q.: Ontology inferencing rules and operations in conceptual structure theory (2010)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes in detail the inferencing rules and operations concerning an ontology formalism previously proposed under Conceptual Structure Theory. The ontology consists of hierarchies of concept, relation and meta-relation types, and formal relationships between them, in particular between arguments of relation and meta-relation types. Inferencing rules are described as well as operations to maintain the ontology in a semantically consistent state at all times. The main aim of the paper is to provide a blue print for the implementation of ontologies in the future Semantic Web.
- Pages
- S.61-70
- Source
- Advances in ontologies: Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian Ontology Workshop Adelaide, Australia, 7 December 2010. Eds.: K. Taylor, T.Meyer u. M.Orgun [http://krr.meraka.org.za/~aow2010/AOW2010-preproceedings.pdf]
- Type
- a
-
Wirklichkeit und Wissen : Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften (1992)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: KUTSCHERA, F. von: Der erkenntnistheoretische Realismus; FRANZEN, W.: Idealismus statt Realismus? Realismus plus Skeptizismus!; KREISER, L.: Bruno Bauchs idealistischer Realismus. Votum im Anschluß an Winfried Franzen; DIEDERICH, W.: Probleme und Grenzen des Anti-Realismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Der Schluß auf die beste Erklärung und das Induktionsproblem. Votum zu Werner Diederich; BÜHLER, A.: Antirealismus und Verifikationismus; RHEINWALD, R.: Bemerkungen zu einem bedeutungstheoretischen Argument gegen den Realismus. Votum zu Axel Bühler; ERPENBECK, J.: Psychologie: Gratwanderung zwischen Realismus und Konstruktivismus; ROTH, G. u. H. SCHWEGLER: Kognitive Referenz und Selbstreferentialität des Gehirns. Ein Beitrag zur Klärung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erkenntnistheorie und Hirnforschung; Voten dazu von: H. TETENS, M. BOENKE u. L. LÄSKER; WILDGEN, W.: Semantischer Realismus und Antirealismus in der Sprachtheorie; BECKERMANN, A.: Wie real sind intentionale Zustände? Dennett zwischen Fodor und den Churchlands; ENGEL, P.: Teleosemantics: realistic or anti-realistic? Votum; HOLENSTEIN, E.: Ein Grund, kein Epiphänomenalist zu sein. Votum; SANDKÜHLER, H.J.: Epistemologischer Realismus und die Wirklichkeit des Wissens. Eine Verteidigung des Philosophie des Geistes gegen Naturalismus und Reduktionismus; PÄTZOLD, D.: Intellectus effabilis. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; METSCHER, T.: 'Episteme': Wissen als anthropologisches Datum. Grundsätze einer elementaren Epistemologie. Votum zu Hans Jörg Sandkühler; PASTERNACK, G.: Realismus vs Antirealismus. Ein wissenschaftsphilosophisches Explikationsproblem. Votum
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- 237 S
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Bean, C.A.: Hierarchical relationships used in mapping between knowledge structures (2006)
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- Abstract
- User-designated Broader-Narrower Term pairs were analyzed to better characterize the nature and structure of the relationships between the pair members, previously determined by experts to be hierarchical in nature. Semantic analysis revealed that almost three-quarters (72%) of the term pairs were characterized as is-a (-kind-of) relationships and the rest (28%) as part-whole relationships. Four basic patterns of syntactic specification were observed. Implications of the findings for mapping strategies are discussed.
- Pages
- S.389-394
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Andreas, H.: On frames and theory-elements of structuralism (2014)
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- Abstract
- There are quite a few success stories illustrating philosophy's relevance to information science. One can cite, for example, Leibniz's work on a characteristica universalis and a corresponding calculus ratiocinator through which he aspired to reduce reasoning to calculating. It goes without saying that formal logic initiated research on decidability and computational complexity. But even beyond the realm of formal logic, philosophy has served as a source of inspiration for developments in information and computer science. At the end of the twentieth century, formal ontology emerged from a quest for a semantic foundation of information systems having a higher reusability than systems being available at the time. A success story that is less well documented is the advent of frame systems in computer science. Minsky is credited with having laid out the foundational ideas of such systems. There, the logic programming approach to knowledge representation is criticized by arguing that one should be more careful about the way human beings recognize objects and situations. Notably, the paper draws heavily on the writings of Kuhn and the Gestalt-theorists. It is not our intent, however, to document the traces of the frame idea in the works of philosophers. What follows is, rather, an exposition of a methodology for representing scientific knowledge that is essentially frame-like. This methodology is labelled as structuralist theory of science or, in short, as structuralism. The frame-like character of its basic meta-theoretical concepts makes structuralism likely to be useful in knowledge representation.
- Pages
- S.121-129
- Source
- Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
- Type
- a
-
Knorz, G.; Rein, B.: Semantische Suche in einer Hochschulontologie : Ontologie-basiertes Information-Filtering und -Retrieval mit relationalen Datenbanken (2005)
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- Abstract
- Ontologien werden eingesetzt, um durch semantische Fundierung insbesondere für das Dokumentenretrieval eine grundlegend bessere Basis zu haben, als dies gegenwärtiger Stand der Technik ist. Vorgestellt wird eine an der FH Darmstadt entwickelte und eingesetzte Ontologie, die den Gegenstandsbereich Hochschule sowohl breit abdecken und gleichzeitig differenziert semantisch beschreiben soll. Das Problem der semantischen Suche besteht nun darin, dass sie für Informationssuchende so einfach wie bei gängigen Suchmaschinen zu nutzen sein soll, und gleichzeitig auf der Grundlage des aufwendigen Informationsmodells hochwertige Ergebnisse liefern muss. Es wird beschrieben, welche Möglichkeiten die verwendete Software K-Infinity bereitstellt und mit welchem Konzept diese Möglichkeiten für eine semantische Suche nach Dokumenten und anderen Informationseinheiten (Personen, Veranstaltungen, Projekte etc.) eingesetzt werden.
- Date
- 11. 2.2011 18:22:25
- Object
- K-Infinity
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
