Search (39 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Information retrieval (IR) is a complex human activity supported by sophisticated systems. Information science has contributed much to the design and evaluation of previous generations of IR system development and to our general understanding of how such systems should be designed and yet, due to the increasing success and diversity of IR systems, many recent textbooks concentrate on IR systems themselves and ignore the human side of searching for information. This book is the first text to provide an information science perspective on IR. Unique in its scope, the book covers the whole spectrum of information retrieval, including: history and background information; behaviour and seeking task-based information; searching and retrieval approaches to investigating information; interaction and behaviour information; representation access models; evaluation interfaces for IR; interactive techniques; web retrieval, ranking and personalization; and, recommendation, collaboration and social search multimedia: interfaces and access. A key text for senior undergraduates and masters' level students of all information and library studies courses, this book is also useful for practising LIS professionals who need to better appreciate how IR systems are designed, implemented and evaluated.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Interactive information retrieval: history and background / Colleen Cool and Nicholas J. Belkin - Information behavior and seeking / Peiling Wang - Task-based information searching and retrieval / Elaine G. Toms - Approaches to investigating information interaction and behaviour / Raya Fidel - Information representation / Mark D. Smucker - Access models / Edie Rasmussen - Evaluation / Kalervo Järvelin - Interfaces for information retrieval / Max Wilson - Interactive techniques / Ryen W. White - Web retrieval, ranking and personalization / Jaime Teevan and Susan Dumais - Recommendation, collaboration and social search / David M. Nichols and Michael B. Twidale - Multimedia: behaviour, interfaces and interaction / Haiming Liu, Suzanne Little and Stefan Rüger - Multimedia: information representation and access / Suzanne Little, Evan Brown and Stefan Rüger

Editor

Ruthven, I. u. D. Kelly

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: CROFT, W.B.: Combining approaches to information retrieval; GREIFF, W.R.: The use of exploratory data analysis in information retrieval research; PONTE, J.M.: Language models for relevance feedback; PAPKA, R. u. J. ALLAN: Topic detection and tracking: event clustering as a basis for first story detection; CALLAN, J.: Distributed information retrieval; XU, J. u. W.B. CROFT: Topic-based language models for ditributed retrieval; LU, Z. u. K.S. McKINLEY: The effect of collection organization and query locality on information retrieval system performance; BALLESTEROS, L.A.: Cross-language retrieval via transitive translation; SANDERSON, M. u. D. LAWRIE: Building, testing, and applying concept hierarchies; RAVELA, S. u. C. LUO: Appearance-based global similarity retrieval of images

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Date

22. 4.2007 10:07:51

Theme

Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur

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Abstract

The main goal of this book is to transfer new research results from the fields of advanced computer sciences and information science to the design of new search engines. The readers will have a better idea of the new trends in applied research. The achievement of relevant, organized, sorted, and workable answers- to name but a few - from a search is becoming a daily need for enterprises and organizations, and, to a greater extent, for anyone. It does not consist of getting access to structural information as in standard databases; nor does it consist of searching information strictly by way of a combination of key words. It goes far beyond that. Whatever its modality, the information sought should be identified by the topics it contains, that is to say by its textual, audio, video or graphical contents. This is not a new issue. However, recent technological advances have completely changed the techniques being used. New Web technologies, the emergence of Intranet systems and the abundance of information on the Internet have created the need for efficient search and information access tools.
Recent technological progress in computer science, Web technologies, and constantly evolving information available on the Internet has drastically changed the landscape of search and access to information. Web search has significantly evolved in recent years. In the beginning, web search engines such as Google and Yahoo! were only providing search service over text documents. Aggregated search was one of the first steps to go beyond text search, and was the beginning of a new era for information seeking and retrieval. These days, new web search engines support aggregated search over a number of vertices, and blend different types of documents (e.g., images, videos) in their search results. New search engines employ advanced techniques involving machine learning, computational linguistics and psychology, user interaction and modeling, information visualization, Web engineering, artificial intelligence, distributed systems, social networks, statistical analysis, semantic analysis, and technologies over query sessions. Documents no longer exist on their own; they are connected to other documents, they are associated with users and their position in a social network, and they can be mapped onto a variety of ontologies. Similarly, retrieval tasks have become more interactive and are solidly embedded in a user's geospatial, social, and historical context. It is conjectured that new breakthroughs in information retrieval will not come from smarter algorithms that better exploit existing information sources, but from new retrieval algorithms that can intelligently use and combine new sources of contextual metadata.
With the rapid growth of web-based applications, such as search engines, Facebook, and Twitter, the development of effective and personalized information retrieval techniques and of user interfaces is essential. The amount of shared information and of social networks has also considerably grown, requiring metadata for new sources of information, like Wikipedia and ODP. These metadata have to provide classification information for a wide range of topics, as well as for social networking sites like Twitter, and Facebook, each of which provides additional preferences, tagging information and social contexts. Due to the explosion of social networks and other metadata sources, it is an opportune time to identify ways to exploit such metadata in IR tasks such as user modeling, query understanding, and personalization, to name a few. Although the use of traditional metadata such as html text, web page titles, and anchor text is fairly well-understood, the use of category information, user behavior data, and geographical information is just beginning to be studied. This book is intended for scientists and decision-makers who wish to gain working knowledge about search engines in order to evaluate available solutions and to dialogue with software and data providers.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Das, A., A. Jain: Indexing the World Wide Web: the journey so far. Ke, W.: Decentralized search and the clustering paradox in large scale information networks. Roux, M.: Metadata for search engines: what can be learned from e-Sciences? Fluhr, C.: Crosslingual access to photo databases. Djioua, B., J.-P. Desclés u. M. Alrahabi: Searching and mining with semantic categories. Ghorbel, H., A. Bahri u. R. Bouaziz: Fuzzy ontologies building platform for Semantic Web: FOB platform. Lassalle, E., E. Lassalle: Semantic models in information retrieval. Berry, M.W., R. Esau u. B. Kiefer: The use of text mining techniques in electronic discovery for legal matters. Sleem-Amer, M., I. Bigorgne u. S. Brizard u.a.: Intelligent semantic search engines for opinion and sentiment mining. Hoeber, O.: Human-centred Web search.
Vert, S.: Extensions of Web browsers useful to knowledge workers. Chen, L.-C.: Next generation search engine for the result clustering technology. Biskri, I., L. Rompré: Using association rules for query reformulation. Habernal, I., M. Konopík u. O. Rohlík: Question answering. Grau, B.: Finding answers to questions, in text collections or Web, in open domain or specialty domains. Berri, J., R. Benlamri: Context-aware mobile search engine. Bouidghaghen, O., L. Tamine: Spatio-temporal based personalization for mobile search. Chaudiron, S., M. Ihadjadene: Studying Web search engines from a user perspective: key concepts and main approaches. Karaman, F.: Artificial intelligence enabled search engines (AIESE) and the implications. Lewandowski, D.: A framework for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of search engines.

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Content

Enthält u.a. folgende Aussage von J. Aitchison u. S. Dextre Clarke: "We face a paradox. Ostensibly, the need and the opportunity to apply thesauri to information retrieval are greater than ever before. On the other hand, users resist most efforts to persuade them to apply one. The drive for interoperability of systems means we must design our vocabularies for easy integration into downstream applications such as content management systems, indexing/metatagging interfaces, search engines, and portals. Summarizing the search for vocabularies that work more intuitively, we see that there are trends working in opposite directions. In the hugely popular taxonomies an the one hand, relationships between terms are more loosely defined than in thesauri. In the ontologies that will support computer-to-computer communications in AI applications such as the Semantic Web, we see the need for much more precisely defined term relationships."
Enthält die Beiträge: Spiteri, L.F.: Word association testing and thesaurus construction: a pilot study. Aitchison, J., S.G. Dextre-Clarke: The Thesaurus: a historical viewpoint, with a look to the future. Thomas, A.R.: Teach yourself thesaurus: exercises, reading, resources. Shearer, J.R.: A practical exercise in building a thesaurus. Nielsen, M.L.: Thesaurus construction: key issues and selected readings. Riesland, M.A.: Tools of the trade: vocabulary management software. Will, L.: Thesaurus consultancy. Owens, L.A., P.A. Cochrane: Thesaurus evaluation. Greenberg, J.: User comprehension and application of information retrieval thesauri. Johnson, E.H.: Distributed thesaurus Web services. Thomas, A.R., S.K. Roe: An interview with Dr. Amy J. Warner. Landry, P.: Multilingual subject access: the linking approach of MACS.

Editor

Roe, S.K. u. A.R. Thomas

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.2, S.95-97 (A. Gilchrist):"It might be thought unfortunate that the word thesaurus is assonant with prehistoric beasts but as this book clearly demonstrates, the thesaurus is undergoing a notable revival, and we can remind ourselves that the word comes from the Greek thesaurus, meaning a treasury. This is a useful and timely source book, bringing together ten chapters, following an Editorial introduction and culminating in an interview with a member of the team responsible for revising the NISO Standard Guidelines for the construction, format and management of monolingual thesauri; formal proof of the thesaural renaissance. Though predominantly an American publication, it is good to see four English authors as well as one from Canada and one from Denmark; and with a good balance of academics and practitioners. This has helped to widen the net in the citing of useful references. While the techniques of thesaurus construction are still basically sound, the Editors, in their introduction, point out that the thesaurus, in its sense of an information retrieval tool is almost exactly 50 years old, and that the information environment of today is radically different. They claim three purposes for the compilation: "to acquaint or remind the Library and Information Science community of the history of the development of the thesaurus and standards for thesaurus construction. to provide bibliographies and tutorials from which any reader can become more grounded in her or his understanding of thesaurus construction, use and evaluation. to address topics related to thesauri but that are unique to the current digital environment, or network of networks." This last purpose, understandably, tends to be the slightly more tentative part of the book, but as Rosenfeld and Morville said in their book Information architecture for the World Wide Web "thesauri [will] become a key tool for dealing with the growing size and importance of web sites and intranets". The evidence supporting their belief has been growing steadily in the seven years since the first edition was published.
The didactic parts of the book are a collection of exercises, readings and resources constituting a "Teach yourself " chapter written by Alan Thomas, ending with the warning that "New challenges include how to devise multi-functional and usersensitive vocabularies, corporate taxonomies and ontologies, and how to apply the transformative technology to them." This is absolutely right, and there is a need for some good writing that would tackle these issues. Another chapter, by James Shearer, skilfully manages to compress a practical exercise in building a thesaurus into some twenty A5 size pages. The third chapter in this set, by Marianne Lykke Nielsen, contains extensive reviews of key issues and selected readings under eight headings from the concept of the thesaurus, through the various construction stages and ending with automatic construction techniques. . . . This is a useful and approachable book. It is a pity that the index is such a poor advertisement for vocabulary control and usefulness."

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Content

Inhalt Collaborating to search effectively in different searcher modes through cues and specialty search / Naresh Kumar Agarwal and Danny C.C. Poo -- Collaborative querying using a hybrid content and results-based approach / Chandrani Sinha Ray ... [et al.] -- Collaborative classification for group-oriented organization of search results / Keiichi Nakata and Amrish Singh -- A case study of use-centered descriptions : archival descriptions of what can be done with a collection / Richard Butterworth -- Metadata for social recommendations : storing, sharing, and reusing evaluations of learning resources / Riina Vuorikari, Nikos Manouselis, and Erik Duval -- Social network models for enhancing reference-based search engine rankings / Nikolaos Korfiatis ... [et al.] -- From PageRank to social rank : authority-based retrieval in social information spaces / Sebastian Marius Kirsch ... [et al.] -- Adaptive peer-to-peer social networks for distributed content-based Web search / Le-Shin Wu ... [et al.] -- The ethics of social information retrieval / Brendan Luyt and Chu Keong Lee -- The social context of knowledge / Daniel Memmi -- Social information seeking in digital libraries / George Buchanan and Annika Hinze -- Relevant intra-actions in networked environments / Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson -- Publication and citation analysis as a tool for information retrieval / Ronald Rousseau -- Personalized information retrieval in a semantic-based learning environment / Antonella Carbonaro and Rodolfo Ferrini -- Multi-agent tourism system (MATS) / Soe Yu Maw and Myo-Myo Naing -- Hybrid recommendation systems : a case study on the movies domain / Konstantinos Markellos ... [et al.].

Editor

Goh, D. u. S. Foo

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Theme

Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur

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Theme

Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur

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Abstract

This book covers the basics of semantic web technologies and indexing languages, and describes their contribution to improve languages as a tool for subject queries and knowledge exploration. The book is relevant to information scientists, knowledge workers and indexers. It provides a suitable combination of theoretical foundations and practical applications.

Date

23. 7.2017 13:49:22

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Abstract

New Directions in Human Information Behavior, co-edited by Drs. Amanda Spink and Charles Cole provides an understanding of the new directions, leading edge theories and models in human information behavior. Information behavior is conceptualized as complex human information related processes that are embedded within an individual's everyday social and life processes. The book presents chapters by an interdisciplinary range of scholars who show new directions that often challenge the established views and paradigms of information behavior studies. Beginning with an evolutionary framework, the book examines information behaviors over various epochs of human existence from the Palaeolithic Era and within pre-literate societies, to contemporary behaviors by 21st century humans. Drawing upon social and psychological science theories the book presents a more integrated and holistic approach to the understanding of information behaviors that include multitasking and non-linear longitudinal processes, individuals' information ground, information practices and information sharing, digital behaviors and human information organizing behaviors. The final chapter of the book integrates these new approaches and presents an overview of the key trends, theories and models for further research. This book is directly relevant to information scientists, librarians, social and evolutionary psychologists. Undergraduate and graduate students, academics and information professionals interested in human information behavior will find this book of particular benefit.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction: New Directions in Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink and Charles Cole.- Emerging Evolutionary Approach to Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink and James Currier.- Information Behavior in Pre-Literate Societies, Andrew D. Madden, Jared Bryson and Joe Palimi.- Towards a Social Framework for Information Seeking, Eszter Hargittai and Amanda Hinnant.- Mapping Textually-Mediated Information Practice in Clinical Midwifery Care, Pamela McKenzie.- Information Grounds: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Findings on Information Flow in Social Settings, Karen E. Fisher and Charles M. Naumer.-Information Sharing, Sanna Talja and Preben Hansen.- Multitasking and Coordinating Framework for Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink, Minsoo Park and Charles Cole.- A Nonlinear Perspective on Information Seeking, Allen Foster.- A Cognitive Framework for Human Information Behavior: The Place of Metaphor in Human Information Organizing Behavior, Charles Cole and John Leide.- The Digital Information Consumer, David Nicholas, Paul Huntingron, Peter Williams and Tom Dubrowolski.- Integrating Framework and Further Research.

Editor

Spink, A. u. C. Cole

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 59(2006) H.2, S.83-88 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser neue Sammelband möchte Interessenten aus den Bereichen Informationswissenschaft, Bibliothekswesen sowie Sozial- und Evolutionspsychologie aktuelle Entwicklungen und neue theoretische Ansätze auf dem Gebiet des menschlichen Informationsverhaltens-human information behavio(u)r bzw. kurz HIB - vermitteln. Es geht dabei um die komplexen Informationsprozesse, die in das alltägliche Sozialverhalten und die Lebensabläufe menschlicher Individuen eingebettet sind. Die beiden Herausgeber sind in diesem Teilbereich der Informationswissenschaft auch durch eine Reihe anderer Publikationen einschlägig ausgewiesen: Amanda Spink (vormals Universität Pittsburgh), die sich kürzlich selbst in aller Bescheidenheit als "world-class ICT researcher" beschrieb,' ist Professorin an der Technischen Universität Queensland (Australien); Charles Cole ist Research Associate (wissenschaftlicher Projektmitarbeiter) an der McGill University in Montreal und selbständiger Berater für Informationsdesign. Gemeinsam haben Spink und Cole zuletzt, ebenfalls bei Springer, eine weitere Aufsatzsammlung - New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval (2005) - herausgegeben. Das Buch versammelt zwölf Beiträge ("Kapitel"), die in fünf Sektionen dargeboten werden, wobei es sich allerdings bei den Sektionen 1 und 5 (= Kapitel 1 und 12) um Einleitung und Zusammenschau der Herausgeber handelt. Während erstere eigentlich nur eine Übersicht über die Gliederung und die Beiträge des Buches, die jeweils mit Abstracts beschrieben werden, darstellt, kann letztere als eigenständiger Beitrag gelten, der versucht, die in diesem Band angesprochenen Aspekte in einem vorläufigen HIB-Modell zu integrieren.

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Editor

Williamson, N.J. u. C. Beghtol

Footnote

Rez. in Mitteilungen VÖB 57(2004) H.3/4, S.83-84 (O. Oberhauser): "Der Klappentext zu diesem Buch, das gleichzeitig als Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, Jg. 37, Nr. 1/2, veröffentlicht wurde, weiss mit eindrucksvollen Lobpreisungen bekannter anglo-amerikanischer Professoren aufzuwarten. Das Werk ist ein Sammelband mit 14 Artikeln von Autoren aus sechs Ländern, unter denen Kanada mit sechs Beiträgen klar dominiert (was nicht weiter überraschend ist, da die Herausgeberinnen von dort stammen). Das deklarierte Ziel des Bandes ist die Behandlung von Themen, die im Zusammenhang mit Information und Wissen in einem internationalisierten Kontext von Relevanz sind. Dies wird in vier thematisch gegliederten Abschnitten versucht. Das erste dieser Kapitel, General Bibliographic Systems, enthält vier Aufsätze, deren erster die Rolle allgemeiner und spezialisierter Klassifikationssysteme unter den Auspizien von Interoperabilität und weltweitem Zugriff reflektiert. Die anderen behandeln eine Adaptierung der DDC für die Verwendung bei der Erschliessung feministischer Literatur, die Probleme bei der Übersetzung von Klassifikationen von einer Sprache/Kultur in eine andere sowie den multilingualen Zugriff auf Dokumente in bibliographischen Datenbanken durch mehrsprachige, mit UDK-Zahlen verknüpfte Deskriptoren. Die zweite Sektion (ebenfalls vier Artikel) ist mit Information Organization in Knowledge Resources betitelt. Ihre konkreten Themen sind a) die Schwächen bibliothekarischer sachlicher Suchsysteme im internationalen Web-Kontext, b) die Recherche erziehungswissenschaftlicher Web-Ressourcen mittels "subject trees" bzw. in virtuellen Bibliotheken, c) Techniken für Text- und Data-Mining im Rahmen von Wissensorganisation und -ermittlung sowie d) Ansätze für die Wissensermittlung in nicht-bibliographischen Datenbanken.
Weitere Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.116-117 (A. Shiri)

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Theme

Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur

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Abstract

Information management (IM) has exploded in importance in recent years and yet until now there has been no Reader to introduce students to the subject. This comprehensive international collection introduces you to the core topics and methodologies used in teaching IM, namely: information behaviour; environmental scanning and decision making; knowledge management; and information strategy. These peer-reviewed papers represent an elite selection from the respected "Information Research" journal, each carefully updated to take into account recent developments. This book is an essential introduction to IM for all students on courses in library and information science, IM, information systems, business information technology, business management, computer science and information technology; as well as for practitioners working in a wide range of organizations providing information services.

Editor

Maceviciütè, E. u. T.D. Wilson

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.607-608 (A.D. Petrou): "One small example of a tension in the book's chapters can be expressed as: What exactly falls under information management (IM) as a domain of study? Is it content and research about a traditional life cycle of information, or is it the latter and also any other important issue in information research, such as culture, virtual reality, and online behavior, and communities of practice? In chapter 13, T.D. Wilson states, "Information management is the management of the life cycle to the point of delivery to the information user" (p. 164), yet as he also recognizes, other aspects of information are now included as IM's study matter. On p. 163 of the same chapter, Wilson offers Figure 12.2, titled "The extended life cycle of information." The life cycle in this case includes the following information stages: acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, access and lending, and dissemination. All of these six stages Wilson labels, inside the circle, as IM. The rest of the extended information life cycle is information use, which includes use, sharing, and application. Chapter 3's author, Gunilla Widen-Wulff, quoting Davenport (1994), states "effective IM is about helping people make effective use of the information, rather than the machines" (p. 31). Widen-Wulff, however, addresses IM from an information culture perspective. To review the book's critical content, IM definitions and research methodology and methods reported in chapters are critically summarized next. This will provide basic information for anyone interested in using the book as an information research reader.
The chapter by Wilson and Maceviciûtè should have been the first in the book, as it offers an informative, clearly laid out, research-based picture for IM. The chapter offers IM definitions, as mentioned earlier, and also covers a couple of major studies concerned with mapping diversity of content and topics studied in the IM field. RefViz, a visualization tool and an addition to EndNote, was used to map 462 articles published between 1999 and 2004 that had the term information management in their title. Figure 2.1 (Visualization of the IM literature), presents the map's 18 groups or clusters of documents. Two studies by Wilson also are presented. A study completed in 2004 covered the years 2000 to 2004 and reviewed five journals with articles about information activities. The 2004 study analyzed 190 articles from 383 authors. Wilson developed a number of categories about information activities as part of the 2000 and 2004 studies that indicate the scope of the articles analyzed and IM's diversity of subject matter. The remainder of the chapter presents comparative data between the 2000 and 2004 research studies. Joyce Kirk provides a hierarchy of five IM definitions. "IM as IT systems" and "information resource management" are two of these definitions. While it is difficult to clearly recognize any of the hierarchy statements as a definition for IM, what can be had from this hierarchy is the realization, as cviu te' and Wilson state in chapter 2, that IM "is used as an abbreviation for the management of IT, information systems management, management information systems, etc." (p. 20). Perhaps, the critical usefulness of the chapter resides not so much in that it offers any ready to apply definitions for IM but rather in that it provides an overall review about information. The latter can be helpful for a book intended as an information research reader and as an introduction to IM. WidenWulff examined 15 Finnish insurance businesses and developed scales for the measurement of open and closed organizations, and also presented learning organization attributes in different information environments. A 1999 study by Aiki Tibar about critical success factors (CSF) and information needs of successful Estonian companies is the centerpiece of the chapter. The study's findings are presented in relation to previous and more recent research on CSF. The study's methodology was qualitative in nature, involving semistructured interviews with managers and engineers from 25 of the most successful companies in Estonia; these companies were selected in a contest in 1998 as being included in the top 50 most successful companies. In terms of findings, IM was a CFS that was mentioned the most frequently.
Chun Wei Choo focused on environmental analyzability and organizational intrusiveness in an effort to theorize and to highlight intricacies in scanning as managers attempt to deal with uncertainty and complexity in their environment. Correia and Wilson used a case-study approach to examine managerial scanning in 19 companies; 47 semistructured interviews were performed in an effort to develop a grounded theory of scanning. Because of the grounded theory approach, the authors did not use statistical sampling but rather utilized principles of maximum variation sampling and theoretical sampling. Categories and relationships that emerged from the grounded theory approach were utilized to build a model of the environmental process. Judith Broady-Preston presents an interesting discussion on balanced scorecard as a way to keep track of successful strategies and their impact on various areas of organizational performance, including finances, innovation and learning, and customer perceptions. Yet, although there have been three efforts to clarify the purpose of a balanced scorecard, the concept remains unclear, along with a role that information professionals can play in its successful application in organizations. France Bouthillier and Kathleen Shearer set review case studies of five private and five public organizations to bring out elements, practices, and benefits associated with knowledge management (KM). As stated by the authors: "generally speaking, IM involves the integration of a variety of activities designed to manage information and information resources throughout their life cycle" (p. 150). The authors say that the focus of KM initiatives, as opposed to the focus in IM initiatives, tends to be on "knowledge-sharing methodologies such as communities of practice, virtual collaboration and expert databases" (p. 150). In the chapter "The Nonsense of Knowledge Management" revisited by Wilson, he states that communities of practice are at the heart of methodologies for KM. And natural arenas for KM and communities of practice are various disciplines in education and departments in the medical field because of the collaborative spirit in these two fields. But, he also repeats his criticisms that beyond these arenas, there is no such thing as KM in business where competition is the norm rather than collaboration. He emphasizes that a common problem in the KM community is the treatment of knowledge as a thing or a commodity, when in reality, knowledge is a complex and dynamic process. The chapter also provides additional evidence from analysis of various publications that show KM as a fragmented field and as a business fad, according to Wilson.
Allen strikes a realistic note of the institutional importance of trust across teams of academics and administrators, and subsequently of the political behavior of academics and computer services administrators/ managers and the relation of the latter to information strategy formulation. Research was conducted at 12 university sites, information strategy process documents were analyzed, and 20 informants were interviewed at each site. The study's research focused on cross-case analysis (instead of an iterative approach to collection and analysis of data), research was longitudinal, and a grounded theory approach was employed. According to the author, findings confirm a similar position taken by Pettigrew (1977): "development of information strategy is the outcome of negotiated political relations" (p. 177). And for such negotiated political relations, the author concludes, trust is a necessary ingredient. It is important to reiterate that IM's scope requires a diversity of study methods and methodologies to address all issues involved. A multiplicity of information and IM definitions and the number of local and global issues that must be addressed, along with information's significance as resource and/or commodity in different types of organizations, necessitate diversity in information research. Each chapter has demonstrated a need to cover many aspects of IM and to ensure that there is as much clarity in that effort as possible, and yet differentiation of IM from other related fields such as KM clearly remains a top issue. As with any other effort to define a field's boundaries, the task at hand is not easy, but while definitions and boundaries are being worked out, there is always an opportunity to engage in fruitful discussions about scope and critical issues in information research."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.2, S.215-216 (A. Heath): "What is small, thoroughly organized, and easy to understand? Well, it's Heting Chu's latest book an information retrieval. A very welcome release, this small literary addition to the field (only 248 pages) contains a concise and weIl-organized discussion of every major topic in information retrieval. The often-complex field of information retrieval is presented from its origin in the early 1950s to the present day. The organization of this text is top-notch, thus making this an easy read for even the novice. Unlike other titles in this area, Chu's user-friendly style of writing is done an purpose to properly introduce newcomers to the field in a less intimidating way. As stated by the author in the Preface, the purpose of the book is to "present a systematic, thorough yet nontechnical view of the field by using plain language to explain complex subjects." Chu has definitely struck up the right combination of ingredients. In a field so broad and complex, a well-organized presentation of topics that don't trip an themselves is essential. The use of plain language where possible is also a good choice for this topic because it allows one to absorb topics that are, by nature, not as easy to grasp. For instance, Chapters 6 and 7, which cover retrieval approaches and techniques, an often painstaking topic for many students and teachers is deftly handled with the use of tables that can be used to compare and contrast the various models discussed. I particularly loved Chu's use of Koll's 2000 article from the Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science to explain subject searching at the beginning of Chapter 6, which discusses the differences between browsing and searching. The Koll article uses the task of finding a needle in a haystack as an analogy.
Chu's intent with this book is clear throughout the entire text. With this presentation, she writes with the novice in mind or as she puls it in the Preface, "to anyone who is interested in learning about the field, particularly those who are new to it." After reading the text, I found that this book is also an appropriate reference book for those who are somewhat advanced in the field. I found the chapters an information retrieval models and techniques, metadata, and AI very informative in that they contain information that is often rather densely presented in other texts. Although, I must say, the metadata section in Chapter 3 is pretty basic and contains more questions about the area than information. . . . It is an excellent book to have in the classroom, an your bookshelf, etc. It reads very well and is written with the reader in mind. If you are in need of a more advanced or technical text an the subject, this is not the book for you. But, if you are looking for a comprehensive, manual that can be used as a "flip-through," then you are in luck."

Theme

Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur

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Content

Inhalt: Chapters 2 to 5: Scopes, Domains, and Display Media (pp. 47-102) Chapters 6 to 8: Documents, Analysis, and Indexing (pp. 103-176) Chapters 9 to 10: Exhaustivity and Specificity (pp. 177-196) Chapters 11 to 13: Displayed/Nondisplayed Indexes, Syntax, and Vocabulary Management (pp. 197-364) Chapters 14 to 16: Surrogation, Locators, and Surrogate Displays (pp. 365-390) Chapters 17 and 18: Arrangement and Size of Displayed Indexes (pp. 391-446) Chapters 19 to 21: Search Interface, Record Format, and Full-Text Display (pp. 447-536) Chapter 22: Implementation and Evaluation (pp. 537-541)

Footnote

Rez. in JASIST 57(2006) no.10, S.1412-1413 (R. W. White): "Information Retrieval Design is a textbook that aims to foster the intelligent user-centered design of databases for Information Retrieval (IR). The book outlines a comprehensive set of 20 factors. chosen based on prior research and the authors' experiences. that need to he considered during the design process. The authors provide designers with information on those factors to help optimize decision making. The book does not cover user-needs assessment, implementation of IR databases, or retries al systems, testing. or evaluation. Most textbooks in IR do not offer a substantive walkthrough of the design factors that need to be considered Mien des eloping IR databases. Instead. they focus on issues such as the implementation of data structures, the explanation of search algorithms, and the role of human-machine interaction in the search process. The book touches on all three, but its focus is on designing databases that can be searched effectively. not the tools to search them. This is an important distinction: despite its title. this book does not describe how to build retrieval systems. Professor Anderson utilizes his wealth of experience in cataloging and classification to bring a unique perspective on IR database design that may be useful for novices. for developers seeking to make sense of the design process, and for students as a text to supplement classroom tuition. The foreword and preface. by Jessica Milstead and James Anderson. respectively, are engaging and worthwhile reading. It is astounding that it has taken some 20 years for anyone to continue the stork of Milstead and write as extensively as Anderson does about such an important issue as IR database design. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts: Introduction and Background Issues and Design Decisions. Part 1 is a reasonable introduction and includes a glossary of the terminology that authors use in the book. It is very helpful to have these definitions early on. but the subject descriptors in the right margin are distracting and do not serve their purpose as access points to the text. The terminology is useful to have. as the authors definitions of concepts do not lit exactly with what is traditionally accepted in IR. For example. they use the term 'message' to icier to what would normally be called .'document" or "information object." and do not do a good job at distinguishing between "messages" and "documentary units". Part 2 describes components and attributes of 1R databases to help designers make design choices. The book provides them with information about the potential ramifications of their decisions and advocates a user-oriented approach to making them. Chapters are arranged in a seemingly sensible order based around these factors. and the authors remind us of the importance of integrating them. The authors are skilled at selecting the important factors in the development of seemingly complex entities, such as IR databases: how es er. the integration of these factors. or the interaction between them. is not handled as well as perhaps should be. Factors are presented in the order in which the authors feel then should be addressed. but there is no chapter describing how the factors interact. The authors miss an opportunity at the beginning of Part 2 where they could illustrate using a figure the interactions between the 20 factors they list in a way that is not possible with the linear structure of the book.
. . . Those interested in using the book to design IR databases can work through the chapters in the order provided and end up with a set of requirements for database design. The steps outlined in this book can be rearranged in numerous orders depending on the particular circumstances. This book would benefit from a discussion of what orders are appropriate for different circumstances and bow the requirements outlined interact. I come away from Information Retrieval Design with mixed, although mainly positive feelings. Even though the aims of this book are made clear from the outset, it was still a disappointment to see issues such as implementation and evaluation covered in only a cursory manner. The book is very well structured. well written, and operates in a part of the space that bas been neglected for too long. The authors whet my appetite with discussion of design, and I would have liked to have heard a bit more about what happens in requirements' elicitation before the design issues base been identified and to impIementation after they have been addressed. Overall, the book is a comprehensive review of previous research supplemented by the authors' views on IR design. This book focuses on breadth of coverage rather than depth of coverage and is therefore potentially of more use to novices in the field. The writing style is clear, and the authors knowledge of the subject area is undoubted. I wouId recommend this book to anyone who wants to learn about IR database design and take advantage of the experience and insights of Anderson, one of tile visionaries it the field."

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Date

26. 7.2002 20:22:46

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Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 58(2007) H.5, S.318-319 (R. Ferber): "Mit Information Retrieval - Informationen suchen und finden von Wolfgang G. Stock liegt ein ca. 600-seitiges Lehrbuch aus dem Oldenbourg Verlag vor. Der Einleitung kann man entnehmen, dass es sich dabei nur um den ersten Band einer vierbändigen Reihe zur Informationswissenschaft handelt. Der Klappentext verspricht die umfassende Vermittlung grundlegender Kenntnisse über Theorien, Modelle und Anwendungen des Information Retrieval, dargestellt als einheitliche Wissenschaftsdisziplin, die klassische Modelle und aktuelle Ansätze des Web Information Retrieval umfasst. Wie sein Umfang bereits erwarten lässt, bietet das Buch einen breiten Zugang zum Thema Information Retrieval. Es ist in weiten Teilen in einem erzählenden und kommunikativen Stil geschrieben, der durch viele Beispiele und rhetorische Fragen den Zugang zum Thema erleichtert. . . . Insgesamt bietet das Buch eine gute und ausführliche Einführung in das Thema Information Retrieval. Seine Stärke sind die Breite der Quellen und dargestellten Ansätze, die ausführliche Einführung in die verschiedenen Themen, Fragestellungen und Lösungsansätze, insbesondere in den Bereichen Textstatistik und Informetrie. Es ist gut zu lesen, auch wenn man sich manchmal etwas mehr inhaltliche Stringenz wünschen würde. Die Merk(ab) sätze am Schluss jedes Kapitels erleichtern auch dem eiligen Leser die Orientierung in dem durchaus umfangreichen Werk."

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Abstract

Documents usually have a content and a structure. The content refers to the text of the document, whereas the structure refers to how a document is logically organized. An increasingly common way to encode the structure is through the use of a mark-up language. Nowadays, the most widely used mark-up language for representing structure is the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). XML can be used to provide a focused access to documents, i.e. returning XML elements, such as sections and paragraphs, instead of whole documents in response to a query. Such focused strategies are of particular benefit for information repositories containing long documents, or documents covering a wide variety of topics, where users are directed to the most relevant content within a document. The increased adoption of XML to represent a document structure requires the development of tools to effectively access documents marked-up in XML. This book provides a detailed description of query languages, indexing strategies, ranking algorithms, presentation scenarios developed to access XML documents. Major advances in XML retrieval were seen from 2002 as a result of INEX, the Initiative for Evaluation of XML Retrieval. INEX, also described in this book, provided test sets for evaluating XML retrieval effectiveness. Many of the developments and results described in this book were investigated within INEX.

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Abstract

The future of reference librarianship as a viable part of the library depends on developing a proactive, participatory approach to automation. Aims to pull together and explain the important elements of change likely to influence library information services. Reviews some of the ways various schools of thought look at library information and communication. Focuses on information, its relationship to the library, and its rate of growth. Discusses the dynamics of communications as a process and examines it vis-a-vis the library

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Abstract

Let us start with a simple scenario: a man asks a woman "how high is Mount Everest?" The woman replies "29,029 feet." Nothing could be simpler. Now let us suppose that rather than standing in a room, or sitting on a bus, the man is at his desk and the woman is 300 miles away with the conversation taking place using e-mail. Still simple? Certainly--it happens every day. So why all the bother about digital (virtual, electronic, chat, etc.) reference? If the man is a pilot flying over Mount Everest, the answer matters. If you are a lawyer going to court, the identity of the woman is very important. Also, if you ever want to find the answer again, how that transaction took place matters a lot. Digital reference is a deceptively simple concept on its face: "the incorporation of human expertise into the information system." This lecture seeks to explore the question of how human expertise is incorporated into a variety of information systems, from libraries, to digital libraries, to information retrieval engines, to knowledge bases. What we learn through this endeavor, begun primarily in the library context, is that the models, methods, standards, and experiments in digital reference have wide applicability. We also catch a glimpse of an unfolding future in which ubiquitous computing makes the identification, interaction, and capture of expertise increasingly important. It is a future that is much more complex than we had anticipated. It is a future in which documents and artifacts are less important than the contexts of their creation and use.

Content

Table of Contents: Defining Reference in a Digital Age / Conversations / Digital Reference in Practice / Digital Reference an a New Future / Conclusion