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Abstract

Hypertexts are multilinear, granular, interactive, integrable and multimedia documents describable with graph theory and composed of several information units (nodes) interconnected by links that users can freely and indefinitely cover by following a plurality of possible different paths. Hypertexts are particularly widespread in the digital environment, but they existed (and still exist) also in non-digital forms, such as paper encyclopedias and printed academic journals, both consisting of information subunits densely linked between them. This article reviews the definitions, characteristics, components, typologies, history and applications of hypertexts, with particular attention to their theoretical and practical developments from 1945 to present day and to their use for the organization of information and knowledge.

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Abstract

Since an increasing variety of electronic information media and their hybrid developments is available in libraries, a unifying concept is needed to obviate the constant creation of new fonds and catalogues, and the futile search for the illusory 'definitive' electronic product. Suggests that although the Internet provides only a superficial integration of various electronic media, its central concept is the unifying one of hypertextuality, whose 4 main elements are the following: multilinearity; hypermediality; integrability; and interactiveness. Explains these ideas, and describes also Philip Barker's suggested 4 categories of the technologically advanced library: multimedia, electronic, digital and virtual. Makes suggestions to help librarians progress towards the virtual library

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Abstract

Main objectives and subjective aspects are traceable in the concepts of information, document, knowledge, knowledge organization and levels of reality. Objective and subjective aspects are both present in each of these entities, as it is sometimes implicitly recognized even by some of the authors that usually underline exclusively the objective or the subjective elements of these entities. "Moderate constructivism" is the synthesis of objectivism and subjectivism that consists in recognizing that reality is neither completely given nor completely built and it constitutes (beyond too marked pseudo-oppositions) the paradigm today de facto dominant both in epistemology studies and in knowledge organization studies.