Search (130 results, page 1 of 7)

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Abstract

Der Aufbau der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek wurde im Herbst 2007 auf soliden Grund gestellt: Mit der European Digital Library Foundation steht eine geschäftsfähige Organisation als Trägerin der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek zur Verfügung. Sie fungiert zunächst als Steuerungsgremium für das EU-finanzierte Projekt EDLnet und übernimmt sukzessive die Aufgaben, die für den Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek notwendig sind. Die Gründungsmitglieder sind zehn europäische Dachorganisationen aus den Bereichen Bibliothek, Archiv, audiovisuelle Sammlungen und Museen. Vorstandsmitglieder sind die Vorsitzende Elisabeth Niggemann (CENL) die Vize-Vorsitzende Martine de Boisdeffre (EURBICA), der Schatzmeister Edwin van Huis (FIAT) sowie Wim van Drimmelen, der Generaldirektor der Koninklijke Bibliotheek, der Nationalbibliothek der Niederlande, welche die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek hostet. Der Prototyp für die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek wird im Rahmen des EDLnet-Projekts entwickelt. Die erste Version des Prototyps wurde auf der internationalen Konferenz »One more step towards the European Digital Library« vorgestellt, die am 31. Januar und 1. Februar 2008 in der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) in Frankfurt am Main stattfand. Die endgültige Version des Prototyps wird im November 2008 von der EU-Kommissarin für Informationsgesellschaft und Medien, Viviane Reding, in Paris vorgestellt werden. Dieser Prototyp wird direkten Zugang zu mindestens zwei Mio. digitalisierten Büchern, Fotografien, Karten, Tonaufzeichnungen, Filmaufnahmen und Archivalien aus Bibliotheken, Archiven, audiovisuellen Sammlungen und Museen Europas bieten.

Content

Darin u.a. "Interoperabilität als Kernstück - Technische und semantische Interoperabilität bilden somit das Kernstück für das Funktionieren der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek. Doch bevor Wege gefunden werden können, wie etwas funktionieren kann, muss zunächst einmal festgelegt werden, was funktionieren soll. Hierfür sind die Nutzeranforderungen das Maß aller Dinge, weshalb sich ein ganzes Arbeitspaket in EDLnet mit der Nutzersicht, den Nutzeranforderungen und der Nutzbarkeit der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek befasst, Anforderungen formuliert und diese im Arbeitspaket »Interoperabilität« umgesetzt werden. Für die Entscheidung, welche Inhalte wie präsentiert werden, sind jedoch nicht allein technische und semantische Fragestellungen zu klären, sondern auch ein Geschäftsmodell zu entwickeln, das festlegt, was die beteiligten Institutionen und Organisationen in welcher Form zu welchen Bedingungen zur Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek beitragen. Auch das Geschäftsmodell wird Auswirkungen auf technische und semantische Interoperabilität haben und liefert die daraus abgeleiteten Anforderungen zur Umsetzung an das entsprechende Arbeitspaket. Im EDLnet-Projekt ist somit ein ständiger Arbeitskreislauf installiert, in welchem die Anforderungen an die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek formuliert, an das Interoperabilitäts-Arbeitspaket weitergegeben und dort umgesetzt werden. Diese Lösung wird wiederum an die Arbeitspakete »Nutzersicht« und »Geschäftsmodell« zurückgemeldet, getestet, kommentiert und für die Kommentare wiederum technische Lösungen gesucht. Dies ist eine Form des »rapid prototyping«, das hier zur Anwendung kommt, d. h. die Funktionalitäten werden schrittweise gemäß des Feedbacks der zukünftigen Nutzer sowie der Projektpartner erweitert und gleichzeitig wird der Prototyp stets lauffähig gehalten und bis zur Produktreife weiterentwickelt. Hierdurch verspricht man sich ein schnelles Ergebnis bei geringem Risiko einer Fehlentwicklung durch das ständige Feedback."

Theme

Information Gateway

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Abstract

In this era of the Internet and distributed, multimedia computing, new and emerging classes of information systems applications have swept into the lives of office workers and people in general. From digital libraries, multimedia systems, geographic information systems, and collaborative computing to electronic commerce, virtual reality, and electronic video arts and games, these applications have created tremendous opportunities for information and computer science researchers and practitioners. As applications become more pervasive, pressing, and diverse, several well-known information retrieval (IR) problems have become even more urgent. Information overload, a result of the ease of information creation and transmission via the Internet and WWW, has become more troublesome (e.g., even stockbrokers and elementary school students, heavily exposed to various WWW search engines, are versed in such IR terminology as recall and precision). Significant variations in database formats and structures, the richness of information media (text, audio, and video), and an abundance of multilingual information content also have created severe information interoperability problems -- structural interoperability, media interoperability, and multilingual interoperability.

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Abstract

The middle of the 1990s are coined by the increased enthusiasm for the possibilities of the WWW, which has only recently deviated - at least in relation to scientific information - for the differentiated measuring of its advantages and disadvantages. Web Information Retrieval originated as a specialized discipline with great commercial significance (for an overview see Lewandowski 2005). Besides the new technological structure that enables the indexing and searching (in seconds) of unimaginable amounts of data worldwide, new assessment processes for the ranking of search results are being developed, which use the link structures of the Web. They are the main innovation with respect to the traditional "mother discipline" of Information Retrieval. From the beginning, link structures of Web pages are applied to commercial search engines in a wide array of variations. From the perspective of scientific information, link topology based approaches were in essence trying to solve a self-created problem: on the one hand, it quickly became clear that the openness of the Web led to an up-tonow unknown increase in available information, but this also caused the quality of the Web pages searched to become a problem - and with it the relevance of the results. The gatekeeper function of traditional information providers, which narrows down every user query to focus on high-quality sources was lacking. Therefore, the recognition of the "authoritativeness" of the Web pages by general search engines such as Google was one of the most important factors for their success.

Source

Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen

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Source

Re:inventing information science in the networked society: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Information Science, Zadar/Croatia, 19th-21st May 2015. Eds.: F. Pehar, C. Schloegl u. C. Wolff

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Source

New review of information networking. 7(2001) no.xx, S.147-157

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Abstract

With the establishment of global information spaces that are characterized by heterogeneity new kinds of knowledge organization systems (KOS) are needed to facilitate efficient subject access to available information resources. KOS need not to be built bottom-up. Internationalization and localization of common KOS enable making use of all different kinds of existing data from subject indexing for retrieval purposes and help creating a user-friendly tool that supports cross-national query modification and hermeneutic processes of information seeking as well as precise topical queries.

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Abstract

Since several years it has been observed that information offered by different knowledge producing institutions on the internet is more and more interlinked. This tendency will increase, because the fragmented information offers on the internet make the retrieval of information difficult as even impossible. At the same time the quantity of information offered on the internet grows exponentially in Europe - and elsewhere - due to many digitization projects. Insofar as funding institutions base the acceptance of projects on the observation of certain documentation standards the knowledge created will be retrievable and will remain so for a longer time. Otherwise the retrieval of information will become a matter of chance due to the limits of fragmented, knowledge producing social groups.

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Abstract

Digital Libraries currently face the challenge of integrating many different types of research information (e.g. publications, primary data, expert's profiles, institutional profiles, project information etc.) according to their scientific users' needs. To date no general, integrated model for knowledge organization and retrieval in Digital Libraries exists. This causes the problem of structural and semantic heterogeneity due to the wide range of metadata standards, indexing vocabularies and indexing approaches used for different types of information. The research presented in this paper focuses on areas in which activities are being undertaken in the field of Digital Libraries in order to treat semantic interoperability problems. We present a model for the integrated retrieval of factual and textual data which combines multiple approaches to semantic interoperability und sets them into context. Embedded in the research cycle, traditional content indexing methods for publications meet the newer, but rarely used ontology-based approaches which seem to be better suited for representing complex information like the one contained in survey data. The benefits of our model are (1) easy re-use of available knowledge organisation systems and (2) reduced efforts for domain modelling with ontologies.

Theme

Information Gateway

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Content

The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: general track on ontology evolution, engineering, and frameworks, semantic Web and metadata extraction, modelling, interoperability and exploratory search, data analysis, reuse and visualization; track on digital libraries, information retrieval, linked and social data; track on metadata and semantics for open repositories, research information systems and data infrastructure; track on metadata and semantics for agriculture, food and environment; track on metadata and semantics for cultural collections and applications; track on European and national projects.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Series

Communications in computer and information science; 544

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

The JISC-funded HILT project is looking to make contact with staff in information services or projects interested in helping it test and refine its developing terminology services. The project is currently working to create pilot web services that will deliver machine-readable terminology and cross-terminology mappings data likely to be useful to information services wishing to extend or enhance the efficacy of their subject search or browse services. Based on SRW/U, SOAP, and SKOS, the HILT facilities, when fully operational, will permit such services to improve their own subject search and browse mechanisms by using HILT data in a fashion transparent to their users. On request, HILT will serve up machine-processable data on individual subject schemes (broader terms, narrower terms, hierarchy information, preferred and non-preferred terms, and so on) and interoperability data (usually intellectual or automated mappings between schemes, but the architecture allows for the use of other methods) - data that can be used to enhance user services. The project is also developing an associated toolkit that will help service technical staff to embed HILT-related functionality into their services. The primary aim is to serve JISC funded information services or services at JISC institutions, but information services outside the JISC domain may also find the proposed services useful and wish to participate in the test and refine process.

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Abstract

Research information can be useful to science stake-holders for discovering, evaluating and planning research activities. In the Netherlands, the institute tasked with the stewardship of national research information is DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services). DANS is the home of NARCIS, the national portal for research information, which uses a similarly named national research classification. The NARCIS Classification assigns symbols to represent the knowledge bases of contributing scholars. A recent research stream in knowledge organization known as comparative classification uses two or more classifications experimentally to generate empirical evidence about coverage of conceptual content, population of the classes, and economy of classification. This paper builds on that research in order to further understand the comparative impact of the NARCIS Classification alongside a classification designed specifically for information resources. Our six cases come from the DANS project Knowledge Organization System Observatory (KOSo), which itself is classified using the Information Coding Classification (ICC) created in 1982 by Ingetraut Dahlberg. ICC is considered to have the merits of universality, faceting, and a top-down approach. Results are exploratory, indicating that both classifications provide fairly precise coverage. The inflexibility of the NARCIS Classification makes it difficult to express complex concepts. The meta-ontological, epistemic stance of the ICC is apparent in all aspects of this study. Using the two together in the DANS KOS Observatory will provide users with both clarity of scientific positioning and ontological relativity.

Footnote

Beitrag eines Special Issue: Research Information Systems and Science Classifications; including papers from "Trajectories for Research: Fathoming the Promise of the NARCIS Classification," 27-28 September 2018, The Hague, The Netherlands.

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, MTSR 2016, held in Göttingen, Germany, in November 2016. The 26 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: Digital Libraries, Information Retrieval, Linked and Social Data, Metadata and Semantics for Open Repositories, Research Information Systems and Data Infrastructures, Metadata and Semantics for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Metadata and Semantics for Cultural Collections and Applications, European and National Projects.

Series

Communications in computer and information science; 672

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Abstract

For the sake of national security, very large volumes of data and information are generated and gathered daily. Much of this data and information is written in different languages, stored in different locations, and may be seemingly unconnected. Crosslingual semantic interoperability is a major challenge to generate an overview of this disparate data and information so that it can be analyzed, shared, searched, and summarized. The recent terrorist attacks and the tragic events of September 11, 2001 have prompted increased attention an national security and criminal analysis. Many Asian countries and cities, such as Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore, have been advised that they may become the next targets of terrorist attacks. Semantic interoperability has been a focus in digital library research. Traditional information retrieval (IR) approaches normally require a document to share some common keywords with the query. Generating the associations for the related terms between the two term spaces of users and documents is an important issue. The problem can be viewed as the creation of a thesaurus. Apart from this, terrorists and criminals may communicate through letters, e-mails, and faxes in languages other than English. The translation ambiguity significantly exacerbates the retrieval problem. The problem is expanded to crosslingual semantic interoperability. In this paper, we focus an the English/Chinese crosslingual semantic interoperability problem. However, the developed techniques are not limited to English and Chinese languages but can be applied to many other languages. English and Chinese are popular languages in the Asian region. Much information about national security or crime is communicated in these languages. An efficient automatically generated thesaurus between these languages is important to crosslingual information retrieval between English and Chinese languages. To facilitate crosslingual information retrieval, a corpus-based approach uses the term co-occurrence statistics in parallel or comparable corpora to construct a statistical translation model to cross the language boundary. In this paper, the text based approach to align English/Chinese Hong Kong Police press release documents from the Web is first presented. We also introduce an algorithmic approach to generate a robust knowledge base based an statistical correlation analysis of the semantics (knowledge) embedded in the bilingual press release corpus. The research output consisted of a thesaurus-like, semantic network knowledge base, which can aid in semanticsbased crosslingual information management and retrieval.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.3, S.272-281

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Abstract

One of the major problems facing systems for Computer Aided Design (CAD), Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications today is the lack of interoperability among the various systems. When integrating software applications, substantial di culties can arise in translating information from one application to the other. In this paper, we focus on semantic di culties that arise in software integration. Applications may use di erent terminologies to describe the same domain. Even when appli-cations use the same terminology, they often associate di erent semantics with the terms. This obstructs information exchange among applications. To cir-cumvent this obstacle, we need some way of explicitly specifying the semantics for each terminology in an unambiguous fashion. Ontologies can provide such specification. It will be the task of this paper to explain what ontologies are and how they can be used to facilitate interoperability between software systems used in computer aided design, architecture engineering and construction, and geographic information processing.

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Abstract

Exploration of heterogeneous data sources increases the value of information by allowing users to answer questions through exploration across multiple sources; Users can use information that has been posted across the Web to answer questions and learn about new domains. We have conducted research that lowers the interrogation time of faceted data, by combining related information from different sources. The work contributes methodologies in combining heterogenous sources, and how to deliver that data to a user interface scalably, with enough performance to support rapid interrogation of the knowledge by the user. The work also contributes how to combine linked data sources so that users can create faceted browsers that target the information facets of their needs. The work is grounded and proven in a number of experiments and test cases that study the contributions in domain research work.

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Abstract

Multiple groups at Mayo Clinic organize knowledge with the aid of metadata for a variety of purposes. The ontology group focuses on consumer-oriented health information using several controlled vocabularies to support and coordinate care providers, consumers, clinical knowledge and, as part of its research management, information on clinical trials. Poor findability, inconsistent indexing and specialized language undermined the goal of increasing trial participation. The ontology group designed a metadata framework addressing disorders and procedures, investigational drugs and clinical departments, adopted and translated the clinical terminology of SNOMED CT and RxNorm vocabularies to consumer language and coordinated terminology with Mayo's Consumer Health Vocabulary. The result enables retrieval of clinical trial information from multiple access points including conditions, procedures, drug names, organizations involved and trial phase. The jump in inquiries since the search site was revised and vocabularies were modified show evidence of success.

Source

Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 43(2017) no.2, S.40-43

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Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to understanding how indexing strategies, models for interoperability and retrieval paradigms interact in information systems and how this can be used to support the design and implementation of components of a semantic navigation for information retrieval systems.

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Abstract

This dissertation studies ontology mapping: the problem of finding semantic correspondences between similar elements of different ontologies. In the dissertation, elements denote classes or properties of ontologies. The goal of this research is to use ontology mapping to make heterogeneous information more accessible. The World Wide Web (WWW) now is widely used as a universal medium for information exchange. Semantic interoperability among different information systems in the WWW is limited due to information heterogeneity, and the non semantic nature of HTML and URLs. Ontologies have been suggested as a way to solve the problem of information heterogeneity by providing formal, explicit definitions of data and reasoning ability over related concepts. Given that no universal ontology exists for the WWW, work has focused on finding semantic correspondences between similar elements of different ontologies, i.e., ontology mapping. Ontology mapping can be done either by hand or using automated tools. Manual mapping becomes impractical as the size and complexity of ontologies increases. Full or semi-automated mapping approaches have been examined by several research studies. Previous full or semiautomated mapping approaches include analyzing linguistic information of elements in ontologies, treating ontologies as structural graphs, applying heuristic rules and machine learning techniques, and using probabilistic and reasoning methods etc. In this paper, two generic ontology mapping approaches are proposed. One is the PRIOR+ approach, which utilizes both information retrieval and artificial intelligence techniques in the context of ontology mapping. The other is the non-instance learning based approach, which experimentally explores machine learning algorithms to solve ontology mapping problem without requesting any instance. The results of the PRIOR+ on different tests at OAEI ontology matching campaign 2007 are encouraging. The non-instance learning based approach has shown potential for solving ontology mapping problem on OAEI benchmark tests.

Content

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Information Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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Abstract

Today's complex, information-intensive problems often require people to work together. Mostly these tasks go far beyond simply searching together; they include information lookup, sharing, synthesis, and decision-making. In addition, they all have an end-goal that is mutually beneficial to all parties involved. Such "collaborative information seeking" (CIS) projects typically last several sessions and the participants all share an intention to contribute and benefit. Not surprisingly, these processes are highly interactive. Shah focuses on two individually well-understood notions: collaboration and information seeking, with the goal of bringing them together to show how it is a natural tendency for humans to work together on complex tasks. The first part of his book introduces the general notions of collaboration and information seeking, as well as related concepts, terminology, and frameworks; and thus provides the reader with a comprehensive treatment of the concepts underlying CIS. The second part of the book details CIS as a standalone domain. A series of frameworks, theories, and models are introduced to provide a conceptual basis for CIS. The final part describes several systems and applications of CIS, along with their broader implications on other fields such as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and human-computer interaction (HCI). With this first comprehensive overview of an exciting new research field, Shah delivers to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry an encompassing description of the technologies involved, state-of-the-art results, and open challenges as well as research opportunities.

Content

Inhalt: Part I Introduction.- Introduction.- Collaboration.- Collaborative Information Seeking (CIS) in Context.- Part II Conceptual Understanding of CIS.- Frameworks for CIS Research and Development.- Toward a Model for CIS.- Part III CIS Systems, Applications, and Implications.- Systems and Tools for CIS.- Evaluation.- Conclusion.- Ten Stories of Five Cs.- Brief Overview of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).- Brief Overview of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL).- Brief Overview of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC).

Series

The Information Retrieval Series ; 34

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Abstract

Modern information retrieval systems advance user experience on the basis of concept-based rather than keyword-based query answering.

Series

Lecture Notes in Computer Scienc;10370) (Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI