Search (74 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

Discusses a number of definitions of information management and information resources management and describes the historical development of information management from printed paper to information resources to strategic information management. States the need for research into the establishment of theoretical systematization

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Concepts and historical development of information management and information resources management

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

The concept of information provokes discussion in many scientific realms, e.g. in physics, the relationship between information and entropy. Information has been associated by communication engineers with the freedom of choosing symbols to construct a message. To confuse matters further, Shannon used entropy as a metaphor in his analysis of statistical behaviour of symbols, but Stonier points out the possibility of a different relationship between information and entropy. The definition of information should ba analogous to the physical definition of energy, the capability of performing work, whereas the the capability of organizing systems corresponds to information. Moreover, it is necessary to distinguish the reality of information on its own from the meaning of information inside each context. One of the most striking contexts are biological systems which rely on sophisticated information processing mechanisms as yet not fully understood

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information, abstraction or reality?

Theme

Information

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Abstract

There is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes information or information science, but Kuhn's notion of paradigms provides a useful perspective for analysing current theories. If information science is considerd as an 'immature science', i.e. one yet to develop its own paradigm, this links it to the debate about science and technology: many of the activities associated with information science, e.g. organising information for users by creating databases, belong to the domain of technology. On this basis, computer related activities concerned with information can be dissociated from the domain of computer science, thus establishing an independent status for information science

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science in the paradigmatic view of Thomas Kuhn: elements for reflection

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Abstract

Criticizes the current processes of information management, with the objective of arriving at a new concept of the electronic document. Discusses problems of human language in the context of information management. Examines the problem of information from the point of view of the structure of knowledge, by analysing dysfunction in current processes of information management. Proposes a model of knowledge nearer to the human mind called 'document hypertext'. A combined interface of information management id also applicable in studies of hardware, graphic interfaces and metaphors of visualization of information. The current excessive fragmentation and artificial treatment of information structures could be avoided by simplifying of processes of information management and creating integral interfaces that bring information systems closer to the user

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Library science has no strong scientific image bacause it lacks a consistent theoretical framework. The key element is information, information is knowlegde, and library science is knowledge in the service of society. Society itself is sustained by development, information and ideology, with information as the transforming element. Because of the universal need for information, library science is increasingly valued. The great problem is to delimit the object of study because of its vast area of application. The goals of library science are utopian, bound up with making information available to everyone in the best possible way. But although developments suchg as the Internet seem able to make this possible, in reality computerised information is available only to a minority

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information: utopia and reality in library science

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Contemporary studies of information and documentation focus on 3 dimensions: the theoretical, i.e. the sciences of interpretation of text; the practical, i.e. the impact of new technology on systems of inscription; and the political, i.e. the consequent proceses of social identification and cultural autonomy. Documentation languages provide rules for transforming items of information into documentation products, and the process of information analysis fixes meaning by applying such rules in the context of collective experience. Information transfer and communication thus depends on a communicational contract setting out the parameters for negotiating meaning. This requires the information analyst and other professionals to discuss the rules of the information game openly with external participants, as the necessary condition for a democratic and equitable science of information

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The actions of information transfer and communication

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Discussion of the interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research, based on essential concepts such as science, information and information science itself. Presents comprehensive themes of research on information science and the difficulties faced by the researcher in this field in the search to attain the existing scientific parameters and the expected prerequisites of any researcher

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research

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Abstract

Proposes a new definition of the word 'information' in order to reconcile conceptual differences and provide elements for the creation of a new paradigm. Cites some papers devoted to the concept 'information' specifically those that identify and characterize the different ways of thinking, as background to substantiate the proposed definition

Content

Paper presented at the International Conference of Information INFO '95, Havana, Cuba, 25-29 Sep 1995

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information: a new conceptual proposal

Theme

Information

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Abstract

There is no general consensus about what constitutes 'quality' of information, and the tendency is to replace it with 'value'. It is generally considered as a multidimensional category incorporating transcendental, intrinsic and contingent aspects. Emphasising one of these to the exclusion of the others reduces quality to a subjective basis, and removes the possibility of consistent professional practice: the information provider is left to act as a filter between the 'truth' of information and the 'desire' of the user

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Problematics of the concept of 'quality' of information

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The term information lacks precicion and there is no consensus about its definition because of the differing philosophical theories used as a basis for interpretation e.g. materialism, idealism. Draws on the ideas of Locke, Kant and Piaget to analyse the essential nature of information, concluding that for the purposes of library science, information is best understood as an ideal entity constructed by the individual synthesising his sensory perceptions of the actual world, which is then objectivised resulting in the world of information, part of the wider world but with its own structures, laws and interrelations. This make communication possible

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Information as an objectivised ideal entity

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The information process is characterised by 3 phases: potential information, consolidated information and information as knowledge, at which point is becomes a means rather than an end. In the social context, knowledge functions both as a social institution and a socialising institution: since reality is constantly changing, knowledge thus becomes a perspective determined by individual experience. Distribution of knowledge is controlled by those who have access, and in a society marked by inequality such as Brazil this virtually excludes all those living on the margins. The production and distribution of knowledge is thus based on capitalist criteria, reflecting the practices of the owners of capital

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: The process of production and distribution of information as knowledge: some reflections

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Information science is best defined as a discipline in terms of the problems it addresses. Its origins date back to the scientific and technical revolution after the 2nd World War, and its development has been essentially characterised by interdisciplinarity. Librarianship, computer science, cognitive science and communication studies all share interests with infomation science, but with increasing emphasis on the information society and the information industry dictated by technological imparatives, information science is now at a critical point in its evolution. The problem it sets out to solve are not decreasing but changing, with the pressure to improve access to an ever increasing store of knowledge. The social need for information science is evident, whatever the name given to the knowledge and skills which it encompasses

Content

Translation of a presentation given at the International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science held at the University of Tampere in Aug 1991

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science: origin, evolution and relations

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Abstract

Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Post-modernity and information: complementary concepts?

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Reproduces the opening session of the Madrid Conference on 'Foundations of Information Science' organized by the university Carlos III of Madrid and the University of Saragossa, in July 94. This conference was an attempt to rescue information as a central scientific tool and put it into a new context so as to serve as a basis for a fundamental disciplinary development. The novelty of the conference was that, instead of attempting a precise 'atomic' definition, information was understood as related to a widespread network of processes potentially involving the integration of subatomic molecular, cellular, computational, human and social occurences, demanding both a unifying and a multiperspective approach

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Foundations of information science

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The increasing emphasis on the importance of corporate intelligence in promoting competitiveness has generated demand for a new interdisciplinary service based on providing data and information geared to the needs of decision makers. The mission of corporate intelligence is to create products such as verbal and audiovisual presentations, bulletins / newsletters, and summary reports, relevant to the immediate specific needs of the organisation. This new service transforms isolated data into high value added information products, opening up new opportunities for interdisciplinary specialists in business information units

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information and business intelligence: basic elements for success

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science as a scientific discipline

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Abstract

Reports results of an automated search of the term 'information technology' and 20 related terms in the ERIC database, 1982-1991, which revealed data related to: scientific production relating to information technology; core journals; types of documents; types of authors and their output; sponsoring institutions; publishing output by country; desciptors; and related terms. The following bibliometric laws are applied: Bradford's law; Lotka's law; and Spearman's and Pearson's laws. Provides an insight into the role of bibliometrics as a scientific discipline for the study of the development of new technologies and their impact on information activity

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Comparative bibliometrics in the field of information technology: ten years of the ERIC database

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Abstract

Knowledge organisation is an interdisciplinary subject drawing from the fields of psychology, linguistics, economy, sociology, information science and computing. Examines the need for controlling the transfer of knowledge, discussing knowledge acquisition and representation, the role of the information scientist and the practical work of information professionals

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Abstract

Reviews ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used for lawyers, based on typical procedures derived from the philosophy of law. Develops information tools by modelling legal problems into applications through AI. Illustrates this with ARPO-2, a prototype expert system in the field of legal information retrieval

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Expert systems and information retrieval: examples of application

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Abstract

Individuals need access to both formal and informal information to be able to exercise their rights as citizens: this principle is written into the Brazilian constitution. The mission of all types of library is to disseminate information but this role is little known by potential users or understood by librarians. The profession needs to prioritise educating the user to search for new ideas, rather than focusing on building collections and installing new technology with the sole purpose of achieving technical perfection

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: The librarian, information and citizenship