Search (73 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

This book outlines the human side of the information seeking process, and focuses on the aspects of this process that can best be supported by the user interface. It describes the methods behind user interface design generally, and search interface design in particular, with an emphasis on how best to evaluate search interfaces. It discusses research results and current practices surrounding user interfaces for query specification, display of retrieval results, grouping retrieval results, navigation of information collections, query reformulation, search personalization, and the broader tasks of sensemaking and text analysis. Much of the discussion pertains to Web search engines, but the book also covers the special considerations surrounding search of other information collections.

Content

Inhalt: The design of search user interfaces -- The evaluation of search user interfaces -- Models of the information seeking process -- Query specification -- Presentation of search results -- Query reformulation -- Supporting the search process -- Integrating navigation with search -- Personalization in search -- Information visualization for search interfaces -- Information visualization for text analysis -- Emerging trends in search interfaces. Vgl. die digitale Fassung unter: http://searchuserinterfaces.com.

RSWK

World Wide Web / Information Retrieval / Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Benutzerorientierung (HBZ)

Subject

World Wide Web / Information Retrieval / Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Benutzerorientierung (HBZ)

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Abstract

This book is the outcome of the Dagstuhl Seminar on "Information Visualization - Human-Centered Issues in Visual Representation, Interaction, and Evaluation" held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, from May 28 to June 1, 2007. Information Visualization (InfoVis) is a relatively new research area, which focuses on the use of visualization techniques to help people understand and analyze data.This book documents and extends the findings and discussions of the various sessions in detail. The seven contributions cover the most important topics: Part I is on general reflections on the value of information visualization; evaluating information visualizations; theoretical foundations of information visualization; teaching information visualization. Part II deals with specific aspects on creation and collaboration: engaging new audiences for information visualization; process and pitfalls in writing information visualization research papers; and visual analytics: definition, process, and challenges.

Content

Inhalt: Part I. General Reflections The Value of Information Visualization / Jean-Daniel Fekete, Jarke J van Wijk, John T. Stasko, Chris North Evaluating Information Visualizations / Sheelagh Carpendale Theoretical Foundations of Information Visualization / Helen C. Purchase, Natalia Andrienko, T.J. Jankun-Kelly, Matthew Ward Teaching Information Visualization / Andreas Kerren, John T. Stasko, Jason Dykes Part II. Specific Aspects Creation and Collaboration: Engaging New Audiences for Information Visualization / Jeffrey Heer, Frank van Ham, Sheelagh Carpendale, Chris Weaver, Petra Isenberg Process and Pitfalls in Writing Information Visualization Research Papers / Tamara Munzner Visual Analytics: Definition, Process, and Challenges / Daniel Keim, Gennady Andrienko, Jean-Daniel Fekete, Carsten Görg, Jörn Kohlhammer, Guy Melancon

RSWK

Information / Visualisierung / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Information / Visualisierung / Aufsatzsammlung

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Source

Information processing and management. 37(2001) no.4, S.639-657

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Abstract

This study explores an image-based retrieval interface for drug information, focusing on usability for a specific population - seniors. Qualitative, task-based interviews examined participants' health information behaviors and documented search strategies using an existing database (www.drugs.com) and a new prototype that uses similarity-based clustering of pill images for retrieval. Twelve participants (aged 65 and older), reflecting a diversity of backgrounds and experience with Web-based resources, located pill information using the interfaces and discussed navigational and other search preferences. Findings point to design features (e.g., image enlargement) that meet seniors' needs in the context of other health-related information-seeking strategies (e.g., contacting pharmacists).

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.11, S.1610-1617

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Abstract

The goal of information visualization (IV) is to amplify human cognition through computer-generated, interactive, and visual data representation. By combining the computational power with human perceptional and associative capabilities, IV will make it easier for users to navigate through large amounts of information, discover patterns or hidden structures of the information, and understand semantics of the information space. This entry reviews the history and background of IV and discusses its basic principles with pointers to relevant resources. The entry also summarizes major IV techniques and toolkits and shows various examples of IV applications.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

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Abstract

Advanced technology has resulted in the generation of about one million terabytes of information every year. Ninety-reine percent of this is available in digital format (Keim, 2001). More information will be generated in the next three years than was created during all of previous human history (Keim, 2001). Collecting information is no longer a problem, but extracting value from information collections has become progressively more difficult. Various search engines have been developed to make it easier to locate information of interest, but these work well only for a person who has a specific goal and who understands what and how information is stored. This usually is not the Gase. Visualization was commonly thought of in terms of representing human mental processes (MacEachren, 1991; Miller, 1984). The concept is now associated with the amplification of these mental processes (Card, Mackinlay, & Shneiderman, 1999). Human eyes can process visual cues rapidly, whereas advanced information analysis techniques transform the computer into a powerful means of managing digitized information. Visualization offers a link between these two potent systems, the human eye and the computer (Gershon, Eick, & Card, 1998), helping to identify patterns and to extract insights from large amounts of information. The identification of patterns is important because it may lead to a scientific discovery, an interpretation of clues to solve a crime, the prediction of catastrophic weather, a successful financial investment, or a better understanding of human behavior in a computermediated environment. Visualization technology shows considerable promise for increasing the value of large-scale collections of information, as evidenced by several commercial applications of TreeMap (e.g., http://www.smartmoney.com) and Hyperbolic tree (e.g., http://www.inxight.com) to visualize large-scale hierarchical structures. Although the proliferation of visualization technologies dates from the 1990s where sophisticated hardware and software made increasingly faster generation of graphical objects possible, the role of visual aids in facilitating the construction of mental images has a long history. Visualization has been used to communicate ideas, to monitor trends implicit in data, and to explore large volumes of data for hypothesis generation. Imagine traveling to a strange place without a map, having to memorize physical and chemical properties of an element without Mendeleyev's periodic table, trying to understand the stock market without statistical diagrams, or browsing a collection of documents without interactive visual aids. A collection of information can lose its value simply because of the effort required for exhaustive exploration. Such frustrations can be overcome by visualization.
Visualization can be classified as scientific visualization, software visualization, or information visualization. Although the data differ, the underlying techniques have much in common. They use the same elements (visual cues) and follow the same rules of combining visual cues to deliver patterns. They all involve understanding human perception (Encarnacao, Foley, Bryson, & Feiner, 1994) and require domain knowledge (Tufte, 1990). Because most decisions are based an unstructured information, such as text documents, Web pages, or e-mail messages, this chapter focuses an the visualization of unstructured textual documents. The chapter reviews information visualization techniques developed over the last decade and examines how they have been applied in different domains. The first section provides the background by describing visualization history and giving overviews of scientific, software, and information visualization as well as the perceptual aspects of visualization. The next section assesses important visualization techniques that convert abstract information into visual objects and facilitate navigation through displays an a computer screen. It also explores information analysis algorithms that can be applied to identify or extract salient visualizable structures from collections of information. Information visualization systems that integrate different types of technologies to address problems in different domains are then surveyed; and we move an to a survey and critique of visualization system evaluation studies. The chapter concludes with a summary and identification of future research directions.

Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 39(2005), S.139-177

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Abstract

The importance of information visualization as a means of transforming data into visual, understandable form is now embraced across university campuses and research institutes world-wide. Yet, the role of designers in this field of activity is often overlooked by the dominant scientific and technological interests in data visualization, and a corporate culture reliant on off-the-shelf visualization tools. This article is an attempt to describe the value of design thinking in information visualization with reference to Horst Rittel's ([1988]) definition of disorderly reasoning, and to frame design as a critical act of translating between scientific, technical, and aesthetic interests.

Footnote

Beitrag im Schwerpunktthema "Perspectives on design: information technologies and creative practices"

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.9, S.1877-1882

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Abstract

Computers have become our companions in many of the activities we pursue in our life. They assist us, in particular, in searching relevant information that is needed to perform a variety of tasks, from professional usage to personal entertainment. They hold this information in a huge number of heterogeneous sources, either dedicated to a specific user community (e.g., enterprise databases) or maintained for the general public (e.g., websites and digital libraries). Whereas progress in basic information technology is nowadays capable of guaranteeing effective information management, information retrieval and dissemination has become a core issue that needs further accomplishments to achieve user satisfaction. The research communities in databases, information retrieval, information visualization, and human-computer interaction have already largely investigated these domains. However, the technical environment has so dramatically evolved in recent years, inducing a parallel and very significant evolution in user habits and expectations, that new approaches are definitely needed to meet current demand. One of the most evident and significant changes is the human-computer interaction paradigm. Traditional interactions relayed an programming to express user information requirements in formal code and an textual output to convey to users the information extracted by the system. Except for professional data-intensive application frameworks, still in the hands of computer speciahsts, we have basically moved away from this pattern both in terms of expressing information requests and conveying results. The new goal is direct interaction with the final user (the person who is looking for information and is not necessarily familiar with computer technology). The key motto to achieve this is "go visual." The well-known high bandwidth of the human-vision channel allows both recognition and understanding of large quantities of information in no more than a few seconds. Thus, for instance, if the result of an information request can be organized as a visual display, or a sequence of visual displays, the information throughput is immensely superior to the one that can be achieved using textual support. User interaction becomes an iterative query-answer game that very rapidly leads to the desired final result. Conversely, the system can provide efficient visual support for easy query formulation. Displaying a visual representation of the information space, for instance, lets users directly point at the information they are looking for, without any need to be trained into the complex syntax of current query languages. Alternatively, users can navigate in the information space, following visible paths that will lead them to the targeted items. Again, thanks to the visual support, users are able to easily understand how to formulate queries and they are likely to achieve the task more rapidly and less prone to errors than with traditional textual interaction modes.
The two facets of "going visual" are usually referred to as visual query systems, for query formulation, and information visualization, for result display. Visual Query Systems (VQSs) are defined as systems for querying databases that use a visual representation to depict the domain of interest and express related requests. VQSs provide both a language to express the queries in a visual format and a variety of functionalities to facilitate user-system interaction. As such, they are oriented toward a wide spectrum of users, especially novices who have limited computer expertise and generally ignore the inner structure of the accessed database. Information visualization, an increasingly important subdiscipline within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focuses an visual mechanisms designed to communicate clearly to the user the structure of information and improve an the cost of accessing large data repositories. In printed form, information visualization has included the display of numerical data (e.g., bar charts, plot charts, pie charts), combinatorial relations (e.g., drawings of graphs), and geographic data (e.g., encoded maps). In addition to these "static" displays, computer-based systems, such as the Information Visualizer and Dynamic Queries, have coupled powerful visualization techniques (e.g., 3D, animation) with near real-time interactivity (i.e., the ability of the system to respond quickly to the user's direct manipulation commands). Information visualization is tightly combined with querying capabilities in some recent database-centered approaches. More opportunities for information visualization in a database environment may be found today in data mining and data warehousing applications, which typically access large data repositories. The enormous quantity of information sources an the World-Wide Web (WWW) available to users with diverse capabilities also calls for visualization techniques. In this article, we survey the main features and main proposals for visual query systems and touch upon the visualization of results mainly discussing traditional visualization forms. A discussion of modern database visualization techniques may be found elsewhere. Many related articles by Daniel Keim are available at http://www. informatik.uni-halle.de/dbs/publications.html.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.72, [=Suppl.35]

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Abstract

A visual thesaurus system and method for displaying a selected term in association with its one or more meanings, other words to which it is related, and further relationship information. The results of a search are presented in a directed graph that provides more information than an ordered list. When a user selects one of the results, the display reorganizes around the user's search allowing for further searches, without the interruption of going to additional pages.

Content

Traditional print reference guides often have two methods of finding information: an order (alphabetical for dictionaries and encyclopedias, by subject hierarchy in the case of thesauri) and indices (ordered lists, with a more complete listing of words and concepts, which refers back to original content from the main body of the book). A user of such traditional print reference guides who is looking for information will either browse through the ordered information in the main body of the reference book, or scan through the indices to find what is necessary. The advent of the computer allows for much more rapid electronic searches of the same information, and for multiple layers of indices. Users can either search through information by entering a keyword, or users can browse through the information through an outline index, which represents the information contained in the main body of the data. There are two traditional user interfaces for such applications. First, the user may type text into a search field and in response, a list of results is returned to the user. The user then selects a returned entry and may page through the resulting information. Alternatively, the user may choose from a list of words from an index. For example, software thesaurus applications, in which a user attempts to find synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, etc. for a selected word, are usually implemented using the conventional search and presentation techniques discussed above. The presentation of results only allows for a one-dimensional order of data at any one time. In addition, only a limited number of results can be shown at once, and selecting a result inevitably leads to another page-if the result is not satisfactory, the users must search again. Finally, it is difficult to present information about the manner in which the search results are related, or to present quantitative information about the results without causing confusion. Therefore, there exists a need for a multidimensional graphical display of information, in particular with respect to information relating to the meaning of words and their relationships to other words. There further exists a need to present large amounts of information in a way that can be manipulated by the user, without the user losing his place. And there exists a need for more fluid, intuitive and powerful thesaurus functionality that invites the exploration of language.

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Abstract

The purpose of information visualization (infoviz) is to show information graphically. That purpose is often obscured by infoviz designs that are not well understood in practice. This paper offers an overview of infoviz culled from the literature on applications of information visualization for the digital library: how the clustering works that creates the topics and those topics are represented graphically. It presents a taxonomy of infoviz designs in one, two and three dimensions. It is suggested that user evaluations of infoviz designs might be used to enrich infoviz theory and, whether through application of the theory or through application of user remarks, developers might improve infoviz interface comprehensibility. Design recommendations are made in an effort to improve weaknesses and capitalize on strengths of present interfaces in representing knowledge visually.

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Abstract

This paper seeks to provide a brief overview of those developments which have taken the theory and practice of image and video retrieval into the digital age. Drawing on a voluminous literature, the context in which visual information retrieval takes place is followed by a consideration of the conceptual and practical challenges posed by the representation and recovery of visual material on the basis of its semantic content. An historical account of research endeavours in content-based retrieval, directed towards the automation of these operations in digital image scenarios, provides the main thrust of the paper. Finally, a look forwards locates visual information retrieval research within the wider context of content-based multimedia retrieval.

Source

Information science in transition, Ed.: A. Gilchrist

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LCSH

Information display systems / Congresses

Subject

Information display systems / Congresses

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Abstract

Je mehr Informationen gleichzeitig, übersichtlich dargestellt und überwacht werden können, desto höher wird der Informations-Nutzen für einen Besucher oder potentiellen Kunden von ihnen sein. Da wir in einer Zeit der Informationsüberflutung leben, hilft uns das Information-Panel in Zukunft als multimediales Informationssystem. Ein Interface ist in unserem heutigen multimedialen Umfeld ein Bestandteil eines Systems, das dem Austausch von Informationen dient. Durch Information-Panels (sog. I-Panels) kann der Mensch mit Geräten interagieren, indem er sich wahlweise die für ihn masßgeschneiderten Informationen darstellen lässt. Für den Interface-Theoretiker Artur P. Schmidt können Information-Panels heute als eine Art Enzyklopädie für Informationen und Nachrichten aller Art dienen, wie sein Internet-Projekt "Der Wissensnavigator" belegt. Das Vorbild für multimediale Panels ist die geordnete Verbindung von Inhalten. Das Information-Panel als MenschMaschine-Interface kann zum "Punkt der Begegnung" oder "Kopplung zwischen zwei oder mehr Systemen" werden. Es übernimmt eine Übersetzung- und Vermittlungsfunktion.

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Abstract

The study adopts a naturalistic approach to investigate users' interaction with a browsable MeSH (medical subject headings) display designed to facilitate query construction for the PubMed bibliographic database. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to test the usefulness of a browsable interface utilizing the principle of faceted classification; and second, to investigate users' preferred query submission methods in different problematic situations. An interface that incorporated multiple query submission methods - the conventional single-line query box as well as methods associated the faceted classification display was constructed. Participants' interactions with the interface were monitored remotely over a period of 10 weeks; information about their problematic situations and information retrieval behaviors were also collected during this time. The traditional controlled experiment was not adequate in answering the author's research questions; hence, the author provides his rationale for a naturalistic approach. The study's findings show that there is indeed a selective compatibility between query submission methods provided by the MeSH display and users' problematic situations. The query submission methods associated with the display were found to be the preferred search tools when users' information needs were vague and the search topics unfamiliar. The findings support the theoretical proposition that users engaging in an information retrieval process with a variety of problematic situations need different approaches. The author argues that rather than treat the information retrieval system as a general purpose tool, more attention should be given to the interaction between the functionality of the tool and the characteristics of users' problematic situations.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.13, S.1998-2006

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Content

From the contents:.- Basics of screen design.- Navigation and orientation.- Information.- Screen layout.Interaction.- Motivation.- Innovative prospects.- Appendix.Glossary.- Literature.- Index

LCSH

Information display systems / Formatting

Subject

Information display systems / Formatting

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Abstract

Describes the use of concept maps as one of the semantic tools employed in the ADEPT (Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype) Digital Learning Environment (DLE) for teaching undergraduate classes. The graphic representation of the conceptualizations is derived from the knowledge in stronglystructured models (SSMs) of concepts represented in one or more knowledge bases. Such knowledge bases function as a source of "reference" information about concepts in a given context, including information about their scientific representation, scientific semantics, manipulation, and interrelationships to other concepts.

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

The study surveys and delineates the processes involved in screen-based information design. This is specifically in relation to the creation of electronic forms and from this offers a guide to their production. The study also examines the design and technological issues associated with the transfer, or translation, of the printed form to the computer screen. How an Eform might be made more visually engaging without detracting from the information relevant to the form's navigation and completion. Also, the interaction between technology and (document) structure where technology can eliminate or reduce traditional structural problems through the application of non-linear strategies. It reviews the potential solutions of incorporating improved functionality through interactivity.

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Abstract

Geospatial information technologies revolutionize the way we have traditionally approached navigation and browsing in information systems. Colorful graphics, statistical summaries, geospatial relationships of underlying collections make them attractive for text retrieval systems. This paper examines the nature of georeferenced information in academic library catalogs organized according to the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) with the goal of understanding their implications for geovisualization of library collections.

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Abstract

This article explores the aesthetic design criteria that should be incorporated into the information visualization of a taxonomy intended for use by children. Seven elementary-school students were each asked to represent their ideas in drawings for visualizing a taxonomy. Their drawings were analyzed according to six criteria - balance, equilibrium, symmetry, unity, rhythm, and economy - identified as aesthetic measures in previous research. The drawings revealed the presence of all six measures, and three - unity, equilibrium, and rhythm - were found to play an especially important role. It is therefore concluded that an aesthetic design for an information visualization for young users should incorporate all six measures.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.9, S.1808-1822