Search (82 results, page 1 of 5)

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RSWK

Dokumentationssprache / Heterogenität / Information Retrieval / Ranking / Evaluation

Subject

Dokumentationssprache / Heterogenität / Information Retrieval / Ranking / Evaluation

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Abstract

Digitale Bibliotheken stehen derzeit vor der Herausforderung, den veränderten Informationsbedürfnissen ihrer wissenschaftlichen Nutzer nachzukommen und einen integrierten Zugriff auf verschiedene Informationsarten (z.B. Publikationen, Primärdaten, Wissenschaftler- und. Organisationsprofile, Forschungsprojektinformationen) zu bieten, die in zunehmenden Maße digital zur Verfügung stehen und diese in virtuellen Forschungsumgebungen verfügbar zu machen. Die daraus resultierende Herausforderungen struktureller und semantischer Heterogenität werden durch ein weites Feld von verschiedenen Metadaten-Standards, Inhaltserschließungsverfahren sowie Indexierungsansätze für verschiedene Arten von Information getragen. Bisher existiert jedoch kein allgemeingültiges, integrierendes Modell für Organisation und Retrieval von Wissen in Digitalen Bibliotheken. Dieser Beitrag stellt aktuelle Forschungsentwicklungen und -aktivitäten vor, die die Problematik der semantischen Interoperabilität in Digitalen Bibliotheken behandeln und präsentiert ein Modell für eine integrierte Suche in textuellen Daten (z.B. Publikationen) und Faktendaten (z.B. Primärdaten), das verschiedene Ansätze der aktuellen Forschung aufgreift und miteinander in Bezug setzt. Eingebettet in den Forschungszyklus treffen dabei traditionelle Inhaltserschließungsverfahren für Publikationen auf neuere ontologie-basierte Ansätze, die für die Repräsentation komplexerer Informationen und Zusammenhänge (z.B. in sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragedaten) geeigneter scheinen. Die Vorteile des Modells sind (1) die einfache Wiederverwendbarkeit bestehender Wissensorganisationssysteme sowie (2) ein geringer Aufwand bei der Konzeptmodellierung durch Ontologien.

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Source

Re:inventing information science in the networked society: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Information Science, Zadar/Croatia, 19th-21st May 2015. Eds.: F. Pehar, C. Schloegl u. C. Wolff

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Content

The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: general track on ontology evolution, engineering, and frameworks, semantic Web and metadata extraction, modelling, interoperability and exploratory search, data analysis, reuse and visualization; track on digital libraries, information retrieval, linked and social data; track on metadata and semantics for open repositories, research information systems and data infrastructure; track on metadata and semantics for agriculture, food and environment; track on metadata and semantics for cultural collections and applications; track on European and national projects.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Series

Communications in computer and information science; 544

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

Research information can be useful to science stake-holders for discovering, evaluating and planning research activities. In the Netherlands, the institute tasked with the stewardship of national research information is DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services). DANS is the home of NARCIS, the national portal for research information, which uses a similarly named national research classification. The NARCIS Classification assigns symbols to represent the knowledge bases of contributing scholars. A recent research stream in knowledge organization known as comparative classification uses two or more classifications experimentally to generate empirical evidence about coverage of conceptual content, population of the classes, and economy of classification. This paper builds on that research in order to further understand the comparative impact of the NARCIS Classification alongside a classification designed specifically for information resources. Our six cases come from the DANS project Knowledge Organization System Observatory (KOSo), which itself is classified using the Information Coding Classification (ICC) created in 1982 by Ingetraut Dahlberg. ICC is considered to have the merits of universality, faceting, and a top-down approach. Results are exploratory, indicating that both classifications provide fairly precise coverage. The inflexibility of the NARCIS Classification makes it difficult to express complex concepts. The meta-ontological, epistemic stance of the ICC is apparent in all aspects of this study. Using the two together in the DANS KOS Observatory will provide users with both clarity of scientific positioning and ontological relativity.

Footnote

Beitrag eines Special Issue: Research Information Systems and Science Classifications; including papers from "Trajectories for Research: Fathoming the Promise of the NARCIS Classification," 27-28 September 2018, The Hague, The Netherlands.

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, MTSR 2016, held in Göttingen, Germany, in November 2016. The 26 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: Digital Libraries, Information Retrieval, Linked and Social Data, Metadata and Semantics for Open Repositories, Research Information Systems and Data Infrastructures, Metadata and Semantics for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Metadata and Semantics for Cultural Collections and Applications, European and National Projects.

Series

Communications in computer and information science; 672

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Abstract

Exploration of heterogeneous data sources increases the value of information by allowing users to answer questions through exploration across multiple sources; Users can use information that has been posted across the Web to answer questions and learn about new domains. We have conducted research that lowers the interrogation time of faceted data, by combining related information from different sources. The work contributes methodologies in combining heterogenous sources, and how to deliver that data to a user interface scalably, with enough performance to support rapid interrogation of the knowledge by the user. The work also contributes how to combine linked data sources so that users can create faceted browsers that target the information facets of their needs. The work is grounded and proven in a number of experiments and test cases that study the contributions in domain research work.

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Abstract

Multiple groups at Mayo Clinic organize knowledge with the aid of metadata for a variety of purposes. The ontology group focuses on consumer-oriented health information using several controlled vocabularies to support and coordinate care providers, consumers, clinical knowledge and, as part of its research management, information on clinical trials. Poor findability, inconsistent indexing and specialized language undermined the goal of increasing trial participation. The ontology group designed a metadata framework addressing disorders and procedures, investigational drugs and clinical departments, adopted and translated the clinical terminology of SNOMED CT and RxNorm vocabularies to consumer language and coordinated terminology with Mayo's Consumer Health Vocabulary. The result enables retrieval of clinical trial information from multiple access points including conditions, procedures, drug names, organizations involved and trial phase. The jump in inquiries since the search site was revised and vocabularies were modified show evidence of success.

Source

Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 43(2017) no.2, S.40-43

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Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to understanding how indexing strategies, models for interoperability and retrieval paradigms interact in information systems and how this can be used to support the design and implementation of components of a semantic navigation for information retrieval systems.

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Abstract

Today's complex, information-intensive problems often require people to work together. Mostly these tasks go far beyond simply searching together; they include information lookup, sharing, synthesis, and decision-making. In addition, they all have an end-goal that is mutually beneficial to all parties involved. Such "collaborative information seeking" (CIS) projects typically last several sessions and the participants all share an intention to contribute and benefit. Not surprisingly, these processes are highly interactive. Shah focuses on two individually well-understood notions: collaboration and information seeking, with the goal of bringing them together to show how it is a natural tendency for humans to work together on complex tasks. The first part of his book introduces the general notions of collaboration and information seeking, as well as related concepts, terminology, and frameworks; and thus provides the reader with a comprehensive treatment of the concepts underlying CIS. The second part of the book details CIS as a standalone domain. A series of frameworks, theories, and models are introduced to provide a conceptual basis for CIS. The final part describes several systems and applications of CIS, along with their broader implications on other fields such as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and human-computer interaction (HCI). With this first comprehensive overview of an exciting new research field, Shah delivers to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry an encompassing description of the technologies involved, state-of-the-art results, and open challenges as well as research opportunities.

Content

Inhalt: Part I Introduction.- Introduction.- Collaboration.- Collaborative Information Seeking (CIS) in Context.- Part II Conceptual Understanding of CIS.- Frameworks for CIS Research and Development.- Toward a Model for CIS.- Part III CIS Systems, Applications, and Implications.- Systems and Tools for CIS.- Evaluation.- Conclusion.- Ten Stories of Five Cs.- Brief Overview of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).- Brief Overview of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL).- Brief Overview of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC).

Series

The Information Retrieval Series ; 34

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Abstract

Modern information retrieval systems advance user experience on the basis of concept-based rather than keyword-based query answering.

Series

Lecture Notes in Computer Scienc;10370) (Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI

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Abstract

Interoperability refers to the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. This article presents the major viewpoints of interoperability, with the focus on semantic interoperability. It discusses the approaches to achieving interoperability as demonstrated in standards and best practices, projects, and products in the broad domain of knowledge organization.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear image of the information architecture used in the Encyclopedia of Iranian Architectural History (EIAH) and to show how it was crafted to meet the need for accessibility, expressiveness and interoperability. Design/methodology/approach - In order to assess the level of interoperability in the system, two essential concepts of the system are identified and traced in every level of the three-layer information architecture. Federated repositories are studied for the level of accessibility that they can offer. Knowledge representation level, mediator level and the semantic portal are studied for expressiveness capabilities. Findings - EIAH information architecture is capable of establishing links among resources available in the information pools connected to the system by using EIAH metadata application profile (EMAP). Different modules in this architecture, which are localized for the Persian language, can work on similar environments for other languages, for example Arabic. Originality/value - EIAH is the first example of a digital encyclopedia for the history of Iranian architecture, which is basically different from other digital encyclopedias in the way that it offers information to users. EIAH is aimed at domain experts and provides them not with pre-written and quality articles but with a wide range of resources and documents relative to what they are seeking.

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, MTSR 2014, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in November 2014. The 23 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks. They cover the following topics: metadata and linked data: tools and models; (meta) data quality assessment and curation; semantic interoperability, ontology-based data access and representation; big data and digital libraries in health, science and technology; metadata and semantics for open repositories, research information systems and data infrastructure; metadata and semantics for cultural collections and applications; semantics for agriculture, food and environment.

Content

Metadata and linked data.- Tools and models.- (Meta)data quality assessment and curation.- Semantic interoperability, ontology-based data access and representation.- Big data and digital libraries in health, science and technology.- Metadata and semantics for open repositories, research information systems and data infrastructure.- Metadata and semantics for cultural collections and applications.- Semantics for agriculture, food and environment.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Series

Communications in computer and information science; 478

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

The Brazilian Government has made a massive volume of structured, semi-structured and non-structured public data available on the web to ensure that the administration is as transparent as possible. Subsequently, providing applications with enough capability to handle this "big data environment" so that vital and decisive information is readily accessible, has become a tremendous challenge. In this environment, data processing is done via new approaches in the area of information and computer science, involving technologies and processes for collecting, representing, storing and disseminating information. Along these lines, this paper presents a conceptual model, the technical architecture and the prototype implementation of a tool, denominated DBgoldbr, designed to classify government public information with the help of ontologies, by transforming open data into open linked data. To achieve this objective, we used "soft system methodology" to identify problems, to collect users needs and to design solutions according to the objectives of specific groups. The DBgoldbr tool was designed to facilitate the search for open data made available by many Brazilian government institutions, so that this data can be reused to support the evaluation and monitoring of social programs, in order to support the design and management of public policies.

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Abstract

Social tagging, hashtags, and geotags are used across a variety of platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, WordPress, Instagram) in different countries and cultures. This book, representing researchers and practitioners across different information professions, explores how social tags can link content across a variety of environments. Most studies of social tagging have tended to focus on applications like library catalogs, blogs, and social bookmarking sites. This book, in setting out a theoretical background and the use of a series of case studies, explores the role of hashtags as a form of linked data?without the complex implementation of RDF and other Semantic Web technologies.

LCSH

Libraries and museums / Electronic information resources
Electronic information resources

Subject

Libraries and museums / Electronic information resources
Electronic information resources

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Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 64(2013) H.6, S.365-368

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Content

Folien eines Vortrages, 5. Kongress Bibliothek & Information Deutschland, Leipzig, 11.-14. März 2013.

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Abstract

The article presents a method for automatic semantic indexing of archaeological grey-literature reports using empirical (rule-based) Information Extraction techniques in combination with domain-specific knowledge organization systems. The semantic annotation system (OPTIMA) performs the tasks of Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Negation Detection, and Word-Sense Disambiguation using hand-crafted rules and terminological resources for associating contextual abstractions with classes of the standard ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) for cultural heritage and its archaeological extension, CRM-EH. Relation Extraction (RE) performance benefits from a syntactic-based definition of RE patterns derived from domain oriented corpus analysis. The evaluation also shows clear benefit in the use of assistive natural language processing (NLP) modules relating to Word-Sense Disambiguation, Negation Detection, and Noun Phrase Validation, together with controlled thesaurus expansion. The semantic indexing results demonstrate the capacity of rule-based Information Extraction techniques to deliver interoperable semantic abstractions (semantic annotations) with respect to the CIDOC CRM and archaeological thesauri. Major contributions include recognition of relevant entities using shallow parsing NLP techniques driven by a complimentary use of ontological and terminological domain resources and empirical derivation of context-driven RE rules for the recognition of semantic relationships from phrases of unstructured text.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.5, S.1138-1152

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Series

Communications in computer and information science; 672