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  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  • × language_ss:"e"
  1. Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
    Date
    16. 6.2014 19:22:57
  2. Hjoerland, B.: ¬The controversy over the concept of information : a rejoinder to Professor Bates (2009) 0.04 
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    Content
    "This letter considers some main arguments in Professor Bates' article (2008), which is part of our former debate (Bates, 2005,2006; Hjoerland, 2007). Bates (2008) does not write much to restate or enlarge on her theoretical position but is mostly arguing about what she claims Hjorland (2007) ignored or misinterpreted in her two articles. Bates (2008, p. 842) wrote that my arguments did not reflect "a standard of coherence, consistency, and logic that is expected of an argument presented in a scientific journal." My argumentation below will refute this statement. This controversy is whether information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon (alone), as an objective phenomenon (alone), or as a combined objective and a subjective phenomenon ("having it both ways"). Bates (2006) defined "information" (sometimes, e.g., termed "information 1," p. 1042) as an objective phenomenon and "information 2" as a subjective phenomenon. However, sometimes the term "information" is also used as a synonym for "information 2," e.g., "the term information is understood to refer to one or both senses" (p. 1042). Thus, Professor Bates is not consistent in using the terminology that she herself introduces, and confusion in this controversy may be caused by Professor Bates' ambiguity in her use of the term "information." Bates (2006, p. 1033) defined information as an objective phenomenon by joining a definition by Edwin Parker: "Information is the pattern of organization of matter and energy." The argument in Hjoerland (2007) is, by contrast, that information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon all the way down: That neither the objective definition of information nor "having it both ways" is fruitful. This is expressed, for example, by joining Karpatschof's (2000) definition of information as a physical signal relative to a certain release mechanism, which implies that information is not something objective that can be understood independently of an observer or independently of other kinds of mechanism that are programmed to be sensitive to specific attributes of a signal: There are many differences in the world, and each of them is potentially informative in given situations. Regarding Parker's definition, "patterns of organization of matter and energy" are no more than that until they inform somebody about something. When they inform somebody about something, they may be considered information. The following quote is part of the argumentation in Bates (2008): "He contrasts my definition of information as 'observer-independent' with his position that information is 'situational' and adds a list of respected names on the situational side (Hjoerland, 2007, p. 1448). What this sentence, and much of the remainder of his argument, ignores is the fact that my approach accounts for both an observer-independent and a contextual, situational sense of information." Yes, it is correct that I mostly concentrated on refuting Bates' objective definition of information. It is as if Bates expects an overall appraisal of her work rather than providing a specific analysis of the points on which there are disagreements. I see Bates' "having it both ways": a symptom of inconsistence in argumentation.
    References Bates, M.J. (2005). Information and knowledge: An evolutionary framework for information science. Information Research, 10(4), paper 239. Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/10-4/paper239.html. Bates, M.J. (2006). Fundamental forms of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(8), 1033-1045. Bates, M.J. (2008). Hjorland's critique of Bates' work on defining information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(5), 842-844. Hjoerland, B. (2000). Documents, memory institutions, and information science. Journal of Documentation, 56, 27-41. Hjoerland, B. (2007). Information: Objective or subjective-situational? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(10), 1448-1456. Karpatschof, B. (2000). Human activity. Contributions to the anthropological sciences from a perspective of activity theory. Copenhagen: Dansk Psykologisk Forlag. Retrieved May 14, 2007, from http://informationr.net/ir/ 12-3/Karpatschof/Karp00.html.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:13:27
  3. Zins, C.: Conceptions of information science (2007) 0.03 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.3, S.335-350
    Year
    2007
  4. Zins, C.: Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge (2007) 0.03 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.4, S.479-493
    Year
    2007
  5. Sawyer, S.; Huang, H.: Conceptualizing information, technology, and people : comparing information science and information (2007) 0.03 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.10, S.1436-1447
    Year
    2007
  6. ¬The mathematical theory of information (2002) 0.03 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Mathematical Intelligencer 29(2007) no.1, S.64-65 (C.S. Calude)
  7. Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006) 0.02 
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    Date
    13. 7.2008 19:22:28
  8. Hjoerland, B.: Information: objective or subjective/situational? (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.10, S.1448-1456
    Year
    2007
  9. Bawden, D.: Information as self-organized complexity : a unifying viewpoint (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Information research. 12(2007) no.4, S
    Year
    2007
  10. Hew, K.F.; Hara, N.: Knowledge sharing in online environments : a qualitative case study (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.14, S.2310-2324
    Year
    2007
  11. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.02 
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    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  12. Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989) 0.02 
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    Source
    Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
  13. Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 2.2007 18:56:23
    22. 2.2007 19:22:13
  14. Maguire, P.; Maguire, R.: Consciousness is data compression (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In this article we advance the conjecture that conscious awareness is equivalent to data compression. Algorithmic information theory supports the assertion that all forms of understanding are contingent on compression (Chaitin, 2007). Here, we argue that the experience people refer to as consciousness is the particular form of understanding that the brain provides. We therefore propose that the degree of consciousness of a system can be measured in terms of the amount of data compression it carries out.
  15. Haider, J.; Bawden, D.: Conceptions of "information poverty" in LIS : a discourse analysis (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Journal of documentation. 63(2007) no.4, S.534-557
    Year
    2007
  16. Warner, J.: Analogies between linguistics and information theory (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.3, S.309-321
    Year
    2007
  17. Bawden, D.: Organised complexity, meaning and understanding : an approach to a unified view of information for information science (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Aslib proceedings. 59(2007) no.4/5, S.307-327
    Year
    2007
  18. Pirolli, P.: Information foraging theory : adaptive interaction with information (2007) 0.02 
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    Classification
    ZA3075 .P57 2007
    LCC
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    Year
    2007
  19. Bates, M.J.: Hjoerland's critique of Bates' work on defining information (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In a recent article, Birger Hjørland (2007) critiqued the author's efforts in defining and conceptualizing information as a core concept in information science (Bates, 2005, 2006). It is argued that Hjørland has seriously misrepresented and confused the actual line of argument in those articles. Specifics of that case are presented, and the reader is urged to return to the original Bates articles to understand her claims. In those articles, Bates attempted to develop a broad conception of information, as well as a number of subtypes of information, for use in the field of information science. The development of information was related to evolutionary processes, with emergence as a significant theme.
    Content
    Bezugnahme auf: Hjoerland, B.: Information: Objective or subjective/situational? In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(2007) no.10, S.1448-1456. - Vgl. Erwiderung: Hjoerland, B.: The controversy over the concept of information: a rejoinder to Professor Bates. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.643. Vgl. auch: Bates, M.J.: Birger Hjørland's Manichean misconstruction of Marcia Bates' work. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.10, S.2038-2044.
  20. Joint, N.: Digital information and the "privatisation of knowledge" (2007) 0.02 
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    Source
    Library review. 56(2007) no.8, S.659-665
    Year
    2007

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