Search (6 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Enumerates various paths that may lead to knowledge discovery (KD). Most of these paths begin from knowing what exists. To know what exists about an entity requires comprehensively assembling relevant data and information, in-depth analysis of the information, and identifying relations among the concepts in the related and even apparently unrelated subjects. Provision has to be made to reorganize and synthesize the information retrieved and/or that obtained through observation, experiment, survey, etc. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have considerably augmented the capabilities of information systems. Such ICT applications may range from the simple to sophisticated computerized systems, with data gathered using aerial photography, remote sensing, satellite imagery, large radar and planetary telescopes and many other instrument records of phenomena, as well as downloading via the Internet. While classification helps in data prospecting and data mining, for it to assist the KD process effectively it has to be supplemented with good indexes, hypertext links, access to statistical and modeling techniques, etc. Computer software assists text analysis, complex data manipulation, computation, statistical analysis, concept mapping, etc. But manual information systems can also assist KD. Enumerates several prerequisites to KD and relevant tools and techniques to be incorporated into information support systems. Presents case studies of information systems and services that assisted KD.

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Abstract

Converging digital technologies and networks, especially the Internet offer considerable scope for individuals and organizations to be authors and publishers with the possibility of getting global response to one's ideas. But there are also several impediments to overcome - existence of a multiplicity of languages, cultural bias, misinterpretation of concepts, non-existence and/or non-acceptance of ideas of one group by people of other cultures and faiths. This paper examines the types of indexes, glossary of terms, organization and presentation of text in different languages/scripts, transliteration of selected text, commentaries, help to correct pronunciation, listing of common errors in rendering text, song, etc. by beginners and people of different cultures and language groups, etc. as means and approaches to mitigate the difficulties of communication across cultures, faiths, and linguistic boundaries. Such provision in typical examples of information resources in the spiritual field - an Internet site, and two CD multimedia - is discussed.

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Abstract

Based on a paper presentend to the Documentation Research and Training Centre 'Seminar on classification and indexing in social sciences', Bangalore. An analysis of a detailed survey on facet-analysed subject strings in the field of social sciences. Subject strings of 4 typers were administered as a stratified sample of responses to identify the gaps in semantic connotation of terms. This survey has helped to idetify the possible aberrations in the semantic connotations due to the presence or absence of terms. It was found that use of prepositions, conjunctions and other role indicating terms gives semantic clarity. The syntax of speciator terms may have to be varied according to the respondent groups. It was found that if the number of component terms in a subject string increases beyond a certain limit it gives rise to problems in interpretation of ideas. This indicates a break-even point for formulating subject headings

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Source

Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

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Source

Knowledge organization. 22(1995) nos.3/4, S.141-147

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Abstract

1. Introduction In this age of world wide communication, and the resulting thrust towards universality, the domain specific specialized vocabularies used in the visual resources and bibliographic databases pose limitations of access. Although they provide adequate access to the experts in the field, a layperson with little or no knowledge in the field (lay user) is constrained by the terminology. The meaning of the index terms used in the databases or the choice of search terms is not easy for such a user. It presupposes the ability of the users to demarcate and discriminate a concept/entity from other entities, and a lay user is often unclear about the connotations of the terms, and the subtle differences in their usage within the domain. The challenge to any indexer of visual resources is the subjective nature of the interpretation of the image itself. Images very seldom contain any textual information besides title, creator or date. However, images also need to be accessed for content and context as well, and context and content description are very often left to "the eye of the beholder." Utilizing standardized terminology can help classify and define an image more accurately, thereby improving accessibility. However, the special needs of a lay user still remain to be addressed. The use of as an auxiliary resource may help alleviate this problem to some extent. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study to assess the value of WordNet as a pre-search tool to aid in the understanding and the identification of concepts, including the terminology needed to search visual resources databases in the field of architecture. It also reveals the nature of the problems encountered by lay users and how specific aspects of WordNet were helpful. WordNet is an electronic lexical database based an psycho-linguistic theories of human lexical memory, developed and maintained at Princeton University since 1985. Sets of synonymous terms (or synsets) constitute its basic organization. English nouns, verbs, an adjectives are organized into synsets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Several types of relationships between the synsets are recorded in Wordnet.