Search (5002 results, page 2 of 251)

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Abstract

Considers the principles of indexing and the intellectual skills involved in order to determine what automatic indexing systems would be required in order to supplant or complement the human indexer. Good indexing requires: considerable prior knowledge of the literature; judgement as to what to index and what depth to index; reading skills; abstracting skills; and classification skills, Illustrates these features with a detailed description of abstracting and indexing processes involved in generating entries for the mechanical engineering database POWERLINK. Briefly assesses the possibility of replacing human indexers with specialist indexing software, with particular reference to the Object Analyzer from the InTEXT automatic indexing system and using the criteria described for human indexers. At present, it is unlikely that the automatic indexer will replace the human indexer, but when more primary texts are available in electronic form, it may be a useful productivity tool for dealing with large quantities of low grade texts (should they be wanted in the database)

Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22

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Source

Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon

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Abstract

A survey of subject specialisation in UK university libraries was made in Apr 81. Replies were received in the form of letters, from which quotations are made liberally. The evolution of subjetc specialisation is traced and views on the term 'subject specialist' dexcribed. Each library is classified in 1 of 5 categories: functional, dual, hybrid, 3 tier, subject divisional, according to the form of subject specialisation (if any) practised. The range of functions commonly performed on a subject basis is considered. Factors which influence the adoption and implementation of subject specialisation are discussed. These include relations with library users, work satisfaction and promotion prospects, the availability of suitably qualified staff and the relevance of subject qualifications, tensions between subject and functional activities, and the significance of automation and economic considerations. Most of the reservations expressed about subject specialisation were practical rather than ideological

Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22

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Abstract

Ontologies improve IR systems regarding its retrieval and presentation of information, which make the task of finding information more effective, efficient, and interactive. In this paper we argue that ontologies also greatly improve the engineering of such systems. We created a framework that uses ontology to drive the process of engineering an IR system. We developed a prototype that shows how a domain specialist without knowledge in the IR field can build an IR system with interactive components. The resulting system provides support for users not only to find their information needs but also to extend their state of knowledge. This way, our approach to ontology-enabled information retrieval addresses both the engineering aspect described here and also the usability aspect described elsewhere.

Date

28.11.2016 12:43:22

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Abstract

Addresses the question of why a technical services department would hire a metadata specialist and whether a metadata specialist is really a cataloguer in disguise. Evidence suggests that cataoguing departments are recruiting and training staff for positions requiring broader computer experience and an awareness of larger metadata issues. Also explores whether students are attracted to these positions and whether library schools are preparing technical services staff for these challenges

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Abstract

Describes the New York State Education and Research Network (NYSERNet) and its use as a learning tool in schools. Examines the role of the school library media specialist and suggests uses for the system

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Source

Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon

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Abstract

This paper describes the information properties of museum specimen labels and machine learning tools to automatically extract Darwin Core (DwC) and other metadata from these labels processed through Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The DwC is a metadata profile describing the core set of access points for search and retrieval of natural history collections and observation databases. Using the HERBIS Learning System (HLS) we extract 74 independent elements from these labels. The automated text extraction tools are provided as a web service so that users can reference digital images of specimens and receive back an extended Darwin Core XML representation of the content of the label. This automated extraction task is made more difficult by the high variability of museum label formats, OCR errors and the open class nature of some elements. In this paper we introduce our overall system architecture, and variability robust solutions including, the application of Hidden Markov and Naïve Bayes machine learning models, data cleaning, use of field element identifiers, and specialist learning models. The techniques developed here could be adapted to any metadata extraction situation with noisy text and weakly ordered elements.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

This article presents an exploratory study of Blobgects, an experimental interface for an online museum catalog that enables social tagging and blogging activity around a set of cultural heritage objects held by a preeminent museum of anthropology and archaeology. This study attempts to understand not just whether social tagging and commenting about these objects is useful but rather whose tags and voices matter in presenting different expert perspectives around digital museum objects. Based on an empirical comparison between two different user groups (Canadian Inuit high-school students and museum studies students in the United States), we found that merely adding the ability to tag and comment to the museum's catalog does not sufficiently allow users to learn about or engage with the objects represented by catalog entries. Rather, the specialist language of the catalog provides too little contextualization for users to enter into the sort of dialog that proponents of Web 2.0 technologies promise. Overall, we propose a more nuanced application of Web 2.0 technologies within museums - one which provides a contextual basis that gives users a starting point for engagement and permits users to make sense of objects in relation to their own needs, uses, and understandings.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:52:32

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Abstract

The role of a modern librarian has become more and more demanding in the information age. One of the new challenges for the information specialists is what's usually called "the teaching librarian", meaning that the librarian or information specialist should be able to teach at least basic practical searching skills to the patrons in need for relevant information. Query Performance Analyser (QPA) is a tool for analysing and comparing the performance of individual queries. It has been developed in the department of information studies at the University of Tampere. It can be used in user training to demonstrate the characteristics of IR systems and different searching strategies. Usually users can't get any feedback about the effectiveness of their queries and therefore may have difficulties to perceive the actual fectiveness of a query formulated, or the effect changes between queries. QPA provides a instant visual feedback about the performance of a given query and gives the user a possibility to compare the effectiveness of multiple queries and the performance of different query formulation strategies. QPA is based on predefined search topics. They all contain a corpus of documents that are relevant to the given topic. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief insight to the infrastructure of QPA, the basic :Functionality of the QPA-based game, and to its implementation in IR education.

Date

22. 7.2009 11:03:43

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Abstract

Climate change as a complex physical and social issue has gained increasing attention in the natural as well as the social sciences. Climate change research has become more interdisciplinary and even transdisciplinary as a typical Mode-2 science that is also dependent on an application context for its further development. We propose to approach interdisciplinarity as a co-construction of the knowledge base in the reference patterns and the programmatic focus in the editorials in the core journal of the climate-change sciences-Climatic Change-during the period 1977-2013. First, we analyze the knowledge base of the journal and map journal-journal relations on the basis of the references in the articles. Second, we follow the development of the programmatic focus by analyzing the semantics in the editorials. We argue that interdisciplinarity is a result of the co-construction between different agendas: The selection of publications into the knowledge base of the journal, and the adjustment of the programmatic focus to the political context in the editorials. Our results show a widening of the knowledge base from referencing the multidisciplinary journals Nature and Science to citing journals from specialist fields. The programmatic focus follows policy-oriented issues and incorporates public metaphors.

Date

24. 8.2016 17:53:22

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to illustrate the archival knowledge applied by archivists in their personal archiving (PA) and the mechanism of the application of archival knowledge in their PA. Design/methodology/approach The grounded theory methodology was adopted. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 archivists in China. Data analysis was performed using the open coding, axial coding and selective coding to organise the archival knowledge composition of PA and develops the awareness-knowledge-action (AKA) integration model of archival knowledge application in the field of PA, according to the principles of the grounded theory. Findings The archival knowledge involved in the field of PA comprises four principal categories: documentation, arrangement, preservation and appraisal. Three interactive factors involved in archivists' archival knowledge application in the field of PA behaviour: awareness, knowledge and action, which form a pattern of awareness leading, knowledge guidance and action innovation, and archivists' PA practice is flexible and innovative. The paper underscored that it is need to improve archival literacy among general public. Originality/value The study constructs a theoretical framework to identify the specialised archival knowledge and skills of PA which is able to provide solutions for non-specialist PA and develops an AKA model to explain the interaction relationships between awareness, knowledge and action in the field of PA.

Date

22. 1.2021 14:20:27

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Abstract

Expert computer systems, which guide the non specialist through the information of a specialist field, can offer smaller libraries the opportunity to spread their expertise more widely and raise the level of service to customers. A project undertaken between Berkshire Cultural Services and the West London Business School at Brunel University College, using the expert system shell 'Crystal', is described. The system is menu driven, with keywords, involves both customers and staff in the analysis of a query and is flexible enough to be used in other library applications

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Abstract

Librarians face daunting challenges posed by recent trends in technology, publishing and education as the impact of a globalising information economy forces a rethink of both library strategic directions and everyday library operations. This book brings together the current main issues and dilemmas facing libraries; the book clearly shows how to deal with them, and provides a best-practice guide to solutions based an the most up-to-date thinking. Key Features - Provides analysis of recent trends and relevant and viable solutions to problems facing all librarians - Draws an the author's international and practical experience in libraries

Content

Readership The book will be useful for: staff at all managerial and supervisory levels within library and information services; students and staff in library/information studies courses (undergraduate and postgraduate); educationalists; publishers; and all people interested in recent information and digital trends. Contents The impact an libraries of a globalising information economy-trends in technology; publishing, and education; changes in the form and delivery of information; changes in the nature of library operations The information game - how to locate, acquire, present and manage information in the Internet age; how to manage print versus electronic formats; access versus ownership: resolving the dilemma in the short and Jong term Digital presentation and preservation - how best to apply digital technologies in library operations; how best to make available e-information: text, data-sets, and audio-visual; digital preservation: advantages and disadvantages; publish or perish?; a guide to digital publishing for the librarian User perspectives - attracting users to the library: physically and virtually; how best to teach users to exploit and evaluate the 'new library'; what reference and technical services users now want and how to provide them Financial constrains and solutions-escalating material budgets: digital solutions and illusions; staff and overhead costs: using digital applications for 'win-win' solutions; cooperation versus competition Professional and workplace challenges - coping with constant change; the technical and reference divide in the digital age; avoiding information overkill; balancing specialist and generalist skills among librarians Resolving ethical and legal dilemmas

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Abstract

Describes ACCESS PENNSYLVANIA a union catalogue of public, school, academic and special libraries in Pennsylvania which is used in schools in Pennsylvania to support interlibrary loan. Describes its intrduction and the use of other technology is affecting school curriculum, the role of the library media specialist and study use

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Abstract

Briefly notes the specialist work of Dataware Technologies, MA, in developing software tools that enable clients to manage massive amounts of information stored on CD-ROM. The range of services offered include: project consulting; data entry and conversion; scanning; digitization; CD-ROM mastering; and CD-ROM sales and maintenance

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Abstract

Defines retrospective conversion, discusses the origins of the term and describes developments during the 80s. Discusses objectives of retrospective conversion, techniques of data capture and conversion in house as opposed to conversion by an outside specialist. Stresses the need for planning, possible problems, the choice of standards and of bibliographic storage

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Abstract

Reviews the range of specialist browsing tools available to beginners for navigating the WWW. Pays particular attention to Jumpstation 2; the Webcrawler; Lycos; World Wide Web Worm; RBSE; and CUI W3

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Abstract

Provides an overview of online searching of engineering databases. Despite the large number of disciplines which constitute engineering, COMPENDEX PLUS and INSPEC cover almost everything. Describes COMPENDEX PLUS and INSPEC and offers a list of specialist databases for the engineer