Search (82 results, page 1 of 5)

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Abstract

Describes a study of the nature of information processing projects and some of the project management programming packages used. Also describes an in house interface program developed to utilize a selected project management package, TIMELINE, by using ORACLE Data Base Management System tools and the Pascal programming language for the management of information system projects. Studies a sample application by using the developed system

Date

22. 7.1996 19:40:59

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Date

29.11.1999 12:18:22

Source

International Herald Tribune. 15. Nov. 1999, S.22

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Abstract

Many US companies are looking to business processing reengineering (BPR) - a process of redesign that is dramatic, company-wide, and often information technology oriented - in order to compete in the global marketplace. Given the scope and importance of BPR work, it is critical that there should be some objective measures applied to determining which possible changes shouldbe made in business' processes. Computer simulation technology is well suited to this design assessment role. Use of simulation, entails varieties of data collection that go beyond the information generally gathered in a BPR analysis. Once in use, simulation models encourage a culture of measurement that supports continuous process improvement. Recommends explicit attention to and management of the modelling tasks: data collection and organization; simulation of component designs, and integration of component simulation results

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LCSH

Electronic data processing

Subject

Electronic data processing

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Abstract

Data warehousing has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers alike. But the design and optimization of data warehouses remains as an art rather than a science. This book presents the first comparative review of the state of the art and best current practice in data warehousing. It covers source and data integration, multidimensional aggregation, query optimization, update propagation, metadata management, quality assessment, and design optimization. Also, based on results of the European DWQ project, it offers a conceptual framework by which the architecture and quality of datawarehousing efforts can be assessed and improved using enriched metadata management combined with advanced techniques from databases, business modeling, and artificial intelligence

RSWK

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

Subject

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

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Abstract

Data warehousing has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers alike. But the design and optimization of data warehouses remains as an art rather than a science. This book presents the first comparative review of the state of the art and best current practice in data warehousing. It covers source and data integration, multidimensional aggregation, query optimization, update propagation, metadata management, quality assessment, and design optimization. Also, based on results of the European DWQ project, it offers a conceptual framework by which the architecture and quality of datawarehousing efforts can be assessed and improved using enriched metadata management combined with advanced techniques from databases, business modeling, and artificial intelligence

RSWK

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

Subject

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

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Abstract

Ontologies have been developed and investigated for quite a while now in artificial intelligente and natural language processing to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse. More recently, the notion of ontologies has attracied attention from fields such as intelligent information integration, cooperative information systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and knowledge management. The author systematicaliy introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internet-based electronic commerce. In the second part of the book, the author presents a more technical view an emerging Web standards, like XML, RDF, XSL-T, or XQL, allowing for structural and semantic modeling and description of data and information.

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Abstract

Knowledge-containing documents and data about knowledge have been handled in stable environments by bureaucratic systems using very stable knowledge ontologies. These systems, though not always very effective in such environments, will become highly ineffective in environments where knowledge has to be updated and replaced frequently. Moreover, organizations in such dynamic environments also use knowledge from extemal resources extensively. This makes the development of a stable ontology for knowledge storage and retrieval particularly complicated. This paper describes eight context classes of knowledge ontology development and explores elements of a method for ontology development. These classes are based an the differences in contexts defined along three dimensions: knowledge dynamics, complexity and social dispersion. Ontology development matches these contexts and ontology needs defined by (logical and social) structure and ontology maturity. The classification framework and methodology are applied to two cases. The first case illustrates a descriptive use of our framework to characterize ontology development in an academic environment. The second case illustrates a normative use of our framework. The method proposed seemed to be empirically valid and rich and be useful for detecting options for ontology improvement.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

As the first book devoted to relational data mining, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the area. The ferst part introduces the reader to the basics and principles of classical knowledge discovery in databases and inductive logic programmeng; subsequent chapters by leading experts assess the techniques in relational data mining in a principled and comprehensive way; finally, three chapters deal with advanced applications in various fields and refer the reader to resources for relational data mining. This book will become a valuable source of reference for R&D professionals active in relational data mining. Students as well as IT professionals and ambitioned practitioners interested in learning about relational data mining will appreciate the book as a useful text and gentle introduction to this exciting new field.

Theme

Data Mining

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Abstract

The Handbook provides practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic notions, methods and techniques, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of data management. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics in the field such as distributed databases, parallel databases, advanced databases, object-oriented databases, advanced transaction management, workflow management, data warehousing, data mining, mobile computing, data integration and the Web. Summing up, the Handbook is a valuable source of information for academics and practitioners who are interested in learning the key ideas in the considered area.

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Abstract

In contemporary practice it is widely asserted, that smart management of knowledge (KM) could be a new panacea for the ever-increasing market and environmental demands put an companies in order to become more flexible, leaming and innovative at the same time. Effective KM is becoming a strategic issue in innovative organizations. Traditionally, managers view knowledge as intangible: Being spread all over the company, it is predominantly hidden in all sorts of databases and in the tacit customs of their employees, and often of course it is securely and unattainable locked in their heads. Often managers have asked themselves difficult questions like: "How to manage something you can't see?" and "How do I know whether it is worth the effort?". Although KM as an issue can hardly be evaded nowadays, design-oriented research an how to come to grips with managing the company's intellectual capacities is still very limited. Action research, showing how KM is dealt with in actual practice, is lacking. Our contribution to the conference is straightforward. We wart to discuss the preliminary results of an action-research project that is currently carried out in a large Dutch bank. Our paper supports the ISMICK conference theme an the organization dimension of KM. Based an the literature an innovation, organizational learning and socio-technical systems design, a number of in-depth interviews were held to determine the possible contribution of KM to increase the controllability and flexibility of the automation department. A qualitative analysis of the data Show that over half of the problems (i.e. poor knowledge about the distinctive systems in the organization, insufficient skills levels, unproductive redundancy of activities, 'islands' of knowledge, and recurring mistakes) could be attributed to the company's inability to successfully manage its intellectual capital. Further analysis of the data showed, that the organizational structure and the maturity of the organization - in terms of Bolwijn & Kumpe (1991) - proved to be the dominant factor in determining the KM approach that would fit the organization. In order to lift the rigidities that resulted from the stock of systems to be maintained and from its bureaucratic structure, several suggestions were made in an attempt to solve the problems mentioned. Those suggestions have been discussed with stakeholders in the organization to increase their fitness for implementation. To improve KM in this organization asks for a multifocus renewal effort. Several approaches are distinguished (i.e. competence centers; dedicated career paths; cluster organization; knowledge infrastructure), each focused an a particular knowledge management problem. These proposals form a design oriented research agenda for the study at hand, while at the same time take the explicit aim to foster implementation in close collaboration with the main stakeholders.

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

Details the information management issues of input, storage, access, output and security when applied to document image processing systems. Focuses on technological issues

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Abstract

Purpose - Potential and benefits of classification schemes and thesauri in building organizational taxonomies cannot be fully utilized by organizations. Empirical data of building an organizational taxonomy by the top-down approach of using classification schemes and thesauri appear to be lacking. The paper seeks to make a contribution in this regard. Design/methodology/approach - A case study of building an organizational taxonomy was conducted in the information studies domain for the Division of Information Studies at Nanyang Technology University, Singapore. The taxonomy was built by using the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Information Science Taxonomy, two information systems taxonomies, and three thesauri (ASIS&T, LISA, and ERIC). Findings - Classification schemes and thesauri were found to be helpful in creating the structure and categories related to the subject facet of the taxonomy, but organizational community sources had to be consulted and several methods had to be employed. The organizational activities and stakeholders' needs had to be identified to determine the objectives, facets, and the subject coverage of the taxonomy. Main categories were determined by identifying the stakeholders' interests and consulting organizational community sources and domain taxonomies. Category terms were selected from terminologies of classification schemes, domain taxonomies, and thesauri against the stakeholders' interests. Hierarchical structures of the main categories were constructed in line with the stakeholders' perspectives and the navigational role taking advantage of structures/term relationships from classification schemes and thesauri. Categories were determined in line with the concepts and the hierarchical levels. Format of categories were uniformed according to a commonly used standard. The consistency principle was employed to make the taxonomy structure and categories neater. Validation of the draft taxonomy through consultations with the stakeholders further refined the taxonomy. Originality/value - No similar study could be traced in the literature. The steps and methods used in the taxonomy development, and the information studies taxonomy itself, will be helpful for library and information schools and other similar organizations in their effort to develop taxonomies for organizing content and aiding navigation on organizational sites.

Date

7.11.2008 15:22:04

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Abstract

Presents several examples of US federal agencies' attempts to cope with information management issues to highlight the importance of managing information as a corporate resource. These include: the Dept. of Defense's Corporate Information Management Programme; the Federal Aviation Administration's Operational Data Management System; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Data and Information System. Highlights aspects of these information management activities that demonstrate differential agency responses to system development needs and requirements

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Abstract

Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."

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Abstract

Update of an earlier article. Examines recent trends in the development of the Internet with particular reference to their applications to the dissemination and use of business information. Includes details of some of the more significant sources of business data

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Abstract

A strategic information management function should facilitate the business mission of its enterprise through managed information, managed processes, and managed information technology. Reviews the role of information systems and data in the transformed information management function. Suggests practical steps organizations can taken to make this transformation a reality

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Abstract

In the information age, a common problem for employees is not lack of resources but rather how to sift through multiple resources, both electronic and interpersonal, to retrieve and locate true expert knowledge. The main objective of this study is hence to explore employees' simultaneous usage of both resources and to identify situations where employees showed a clear preference of interpersonal resources over electronic ones, and where employees found these two resources (a) (ir)replaceable and (b) complementary. Both qualitative interview data and quantitative social-network data were collected from a university-affiliated community educational office. Data analysis showed that (a) social relationships were crucial for seeking and gaining actual access to needed knowledge; (b) employees were task-driven in knowledge seeking and obtained different types of knowledge depending on availability; and (c) the choice between interpersonal and electronic resources was determined by the characteristics of the knowledge sought as well as such contextual factors as time, cost, and location. Additional interviews from other study contexts validated most of our findings, except those that require collection of complete social-network data. The article ends with a discussion on how organizations can better leverage their investment in human and technical resources to facilitate knowledge seeking.

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Footnote

Rez in: Information processing and management 33(1997) no.6, S.807 (P. Borlund)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information processing and management 33(1997) no.6, S.808-810 (C.W. Choo)