Search (40 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

An investigation of tools, techniques, and methods for the evaluation of interactive library catalogues is described, with emphasis on diagnostic methods and on use of the catalogue in a wider context of user information seeking behaviour. A front-end system (Olive) was developed to test verious enhancements of traditional transaction logging as a data-gathering technique for evaluation purposes. These include full-screen logging, pre- and post-search, online/offline, and in-search interactive questionnaires, search replys as well as talk-aloud. The extent of subject or hybrid searching activity as opposed to specific item searching is also highlighted

Source

Information processing and management. 27(1991) no.5, S.523-532

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Abstract

The focus of this study is the search behavior of remote users of the University of California MELVYL Library System, an OPAC. Transaction logs from randomly selected remote user search sessions are analyzed. Descriptive data on the number and type of searches, choice of search mode and database, number of retrievals, number and type of errors, and use of system HELP facilities are presented. The search data have been cross-tabulated with demographic data on the same group of remote users, collected through an online survey conducted by the authors. Effectiveness of system usage is discussed. A case mode is made for the desirability of additional heuristics in the catalog portion of the system

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Abstract

Reports results of an online survey of in house users acessing California University's computerized union catalogue, the MELVYL library system, from public access terminals in the libraries of the California University at Santa Cruz (UCSC). The study included descriptive statistics on user status, affiliation, anticipated focus of system usage, judgement of ease of system use, and need for assistance. The transaction logs of respondents to the survey were analyzed and cross tabulated with demographic data on the same group of users. Particular attention was given to subject searching and to the dilemmas that confront users of a system in which heuristics are largely absent. Data was compared with similar data collected in a earlier study of user who accessed the MELVYL library system from remote sites

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Abstract

Reports results of the work of the Transaction Logs Task Force, composed of public and technical services librarians charged with reviewing OPAC to identify library wide problems and issues. This OPAC transaction log analysis study compared data derived from 2 sets of logs within a 6 month period. Analysis of the first set of data revealed that users experienced difficulty with basic searching techniques. The OPAC introductory screens were simplified and clarified to help users improve search success rates. The second set of data, analyzed after screen changes had been made, showed statistically significant differences in search results. Concludes that regular monitoring of OPACs through transaction log analysis can lead to improved retrieval when changes are made in response to an analysis of user search patterns

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Abstract

Searching information retrieval systems is a highly interactive, iterative process that cannot be understood simply by comparing the output of a search session (the 'search product') to a query stated in advance. In this article, we examine evaluation goals and methods for studying information retrieval behavior, drawing examples from our own research and that of others. We limit our review to research that employs online monitoring, also known as transaction log analysis. Online monitoring is one of few methods that can capture detailed data on the search process at a reasonable cost; these data can be used to build quantitative models or to support qualitative interpretations of quatitative results. Monitoring is a data collection technique rather than a research design, and can be employed in experimental of field studies, whether alone or combined with other data collection methods. Based on the the research questions of interest, the researcher must determine what variables to collect from each data source, which to treat as independent varaibles to manipulate, and which to treat as dependent variables to observe effects. Studies of searching behavior often treat search task and searcher characteristics as independent variables and may manipulate other independent variables specific to the research questions addressed. Search outcomes, time, and search paths frequently are treated as dependent variables. We discuss each of these sets of variables, illustrating them with sample results from the literature and from our own research. Our examples are drawn from the Science Library Catalog project, a 7-year study of children's searching behavior on an experimental retrieval system. We close with a brief discussion of the implications of these results for the design of information retrieval systems

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Abstract

Search index usage in a large university online catalog system over a six-year period (representing about 15,3 million searches) was investigated using transaction monitor data. Mathematical models of trends and patterns in the data were developed and tested using regression techniques. The results of the analyses show a consistent decline in the frequency of subject index use by online catalog users, with a corresponding increase in the frequency of title keyword searching. Significant annual patterns in index usage were also identified. Analysis of the transaction data, and related previous studies of online catalog users, suggest a number of factors contributing to the decline in subject search frequency. Chief among these factors are user difficulties in formulating subject queries with LCSH, leading to search failure, and the problem of "information overload" as database size increases. This article presents the models and results of the transaction log analysis, discusses the underlying problems with subject searching contributing to the observed decline, and reviews some proposed improvements to online catalog systems to aid in overcoming these problems

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Abstract

Describes the creation and results of a questionnaire survey of cataloguers in 6 Singapore academic and national libraries and of their vendor helpdesk staff to evaluate the help systems of library automation systems, with particular emphasis on the cataloguing function. Describes the structure of the questionnaire; the methodology used to analyse the data; the profile of the respondents and the systems used by them; and the implications of the statistical results. Functionalities for the following help features were surveyed: getting in and out of the help systems; selecting a relevant topic; formulating queries; searching of information; completeness and comprehensiveness of the help system; navigation to other topics; applying information to solve problems; and data entry and authority control in cataloguing tasks. Data analysis identified 27 preferred features which could be taken into account in the product development of online help systems

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Abstract

Reports on the factor analysis of affective data gathered from a study of searching behaviour in 2 library catalogues. 20 subjects were assigned information problems to solve through searching a university card catalogue and 20 were assigned the same problems to solve in a comparable online catalogue. After searches were completed, subjects were asked to evaluate their search results and to respond to attitude measures about the search experience. The 11 attitude itmes were constructed to tap a variety of affective responses to the attitude measures. Factor patterns in the data can serve to identify the dimensions on which search experiences are evaluated by users, to direct further investigation into user evaluations, and to suggest features for inclusion in information retrieval systems accessed directly by users

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Abstract

Reports an empirical study at the Queriniana Civic Library, Brescia, of interaction betwee researchers and printed catalogues during bibliographic data retrieval. The study sought to ascertain frequency of catalogue use; research success rate and time taken; and to identify user profiles. Data were obtained by a mixture of questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. Findings showed that 64% of the catalogue users were female; 70% were aged 19-30; 65% were university students or had good school grades; and hardly any were working class. University students preferred keyword access. 50% or all searches were successful. Most search failures related to subject catalogues, which usually required more time. Provides statistics on time spent in research

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Abstract

Reports on a study of children's intentions, purposes, search terms, strategies, successes and breakdowns in accessing fiction. Data was gathered using naturalistic methods of persistent, intensive observation and questioning with children in several school library media centres in the USA, including 997 OPAC transactions. Analyzes the data and highlights aspects of the broader context of the system which may help in development of mechanisms for electronic access

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Abstract

Identifies and characterizes the knowledge used by experienced librarians while searching for subject information in online catalogues. 10 experienced librarians performed the same set of 6 subject searches in an online catalogue. Investigates the knowledge used to solve retrieval problems. This knowledge presents expertise in the use of the catalogue. Data were collected through the use of think aloud protocols, transaction logs and structured interviews. Knowledge was defined as knowledge objects (factual knowledge), knowledge of events (experimental knowlegde), knowledge of performance (process knowledge), and metaknowledge. Metaknowledge is the sense of whole derived from the integration of factual, process, and experimental knowledge about the search and the conditions under which it is performed. Focuses on metaknowledge. For evidence of metaknowledge the data were examined for explanations that participants gave for their actions and observations, and for ways that participants evaluated their own progress during the process of searching. Reasons and explanations given by searchers were related to all phases of the library information retrieval process from the user's receipt of material to policies for collection development, and not just events directly related to the performance of a particular search task

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Abstract

Briefly reviews research on users and online catalogues, focusing on the different data gathering methodologies. OLIVE, an enhanced facility for logging transactions and introducing online questionnaires as a front end to a personal computer, was used to examine user intentions, search formulations and success ratings on several commercial systems. Describes a third generation system, OKAPI, which addresses some of the issues raised by the user feedback

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Abstract

This article reports on a transaction log study of the BIS online catalog at North Caroline State University. Transaction logs were used to gather data on failure rates, usage patterns, and causes of problems. The result show that 54 percent of the searches analyzed failed. Subject searching was the most often used but least successful search. Problems experienced by patrons searching BIS were often due to a misunderstanding of how to operate the system, typographical errors, and the use of uncontrolled vocabulary. As in earlier studies, transaction logs analysis proved to be a fruitful and practical methodology for studying users' searching behaviour in an online catalog.

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Abstract

Since the closing of the Sterling C. Evans Library author/title card catalog on march 6, 1989, librarians have observed a number of patrons who continued to use that catalog, even though NOTIS, the OPAC offered more comprehensive and current access to library holdings. To determine the reasons for this use, the authors prepared a one-page questionnaire, focusing on the users' preference for an inadequate card catalog in an environment which offers a superior OPAC. Card catalog patrons were then surveyed in order to gather data and build a user profile. Survey results were tabulated and analyzed, revealing the underlying reasons for users' preference for the card or online catalog. Conclusions will provide direction for improvements in users' access to online catalogs

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Abstract

As part of a recent research project a large set of catalogue users' subject queries was collected by interview. The libraries and the data collection procedures are briefly described. The query set obtained has been divided into several general categories which illustrate the range of of types of subject search being performed. Each category of query is discussed, with a consideration of the problem which face the user in carrying out each type of search. Possible solutions to some of these problems are considered. The most important issue is the variation in specifity of the queries, whilst other issues relate to the users' expression of need, access to specific types of materials, interdisciplinary subjects, and inappropriate queries. These issues are summarised and the implications for OPAC design are discussed

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Abstract

OLIVE, a transaction logging facility enhanced with online questionnaires, was used to collect data from users of public and academic library catalogues. The comparative analysis of subject searching behaviour focused on the role of browsing subject headings and brief references in search formulation. Opportunities for browsing are greatly constrained by indexing practices. It is suggested that a more integrated approach to pre-coordinate and post-coordinate searching would be more effective. The logging software has been developed for a number of commercial online catalogues including Geac, CLSI and LIBERTAS. The use of a diagnostic and monitoring tool in the evaluation of OPACs is advocated

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Abstract

Discusses the results of a study completed before and after an online catalogue was introduced in the Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The study sought to identify changes in user attitudes and behaviour when dealing with a newly implemented online catalogue. The data were obtained using a survey among library and catalogue users. The results indicated that some changes in user perceptions and behaviour were associated with the introduction of an online catalogue. The extent of this association was weak which indicated the existence of other variables having influence on these changes

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Abstract

Reports results of a questionnaire survey, conducted at Ilorin University Library, Nigeria, to investigate the patterns of student use, of the library's OPAC in the 4 reading rooms of the main library and their attitudes towards it. The questions focused on: frequency of use of the card catalogue; users' feelings about using the OPAC; effectiveness of the OPAC in retrieving relevant items; number of available terminals; training methods; and major inhibitors to OPAC use. 50 questionnaires were administered and 47 (94%) were returned. The study was designed to yield primarily descriptive results since there was very little baseline data with which to compare responses

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Abstract

Presents the selected findings of a research project based on the British Library Network Online Public Access Catalogue (NOPAC) carried out in the department of information and library management at the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK over the academic year 1994/95. Data was collected by means of interviews with NOPAC users especially on use made of the NOPAC and on attitudes towards the NOPAC's interface. Discusses the views of users as they relate to: display features; mode of interaction; help/user assistance; extra features available; and usability. Lists important points which emerged from the survey concerning the NOPAC service

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Abstract

Analyses the technical features of the 5 main search fields of the OPAC run by Bologna University's interlibrary centre (CIB), part of the National Library Service (SBN). The CIB links about 100 academic and civil library collections on the humanities, social sciences, and science subjects. With the aid of Home Page / Helpline displays, examines how OPAC search procedures are carried out by author, title, subject, ISBN, or single library. Also explains the data filtering methods used. The CIB will soon broaden its OPAC search strategies by adopting the Florence University library OPAC research structure