Search (13 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Increasingly we live through our personal screens; we work, play, socialize, and learn digitally. The shift to remote everything during the pandemic was another step in a decades-long march toward the digitization of everyday life made possible by innovations in media, information, and communication technology. In The Digital Environment, Pablo Boczkowski and Eugenia Mitchelstein offer a new way to understand the role of the digital in our daily lives, calling on us to turn our attention from our discrete devices and apps to the array of artifacts and practices that make up the digital environment that envelops every aspect of our social experience. Boczkowski and Mitchelstein explore a series of issues raised by the digital takeover of everyday life, drawing on interviews with a variety of experts. They show how existing inequities of gender, race, ethnicity, education, and class are baked into the design and deployment of technology, and describe emancipatory practices that counter this--including the use of Twitter as a platform for activism through such hashtags as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo. They discuss the digitization of parenting, schooling, and dating--noting, among other things, that today we can both begin and end relationships online. They describe how digital media shape our consumption of sports, entertainment, and news, and consider the dynamics of political campaigns, disinformation, and social activism. Finally, they report on developments in three areas that will be key to our digital future: data science, virtual reality, and space exploration.

Content

1. Three Environments, One Life -- Part I: Foundations -- 2. Mediatization -- 3. Algorithms -- 4. Race and Ethnicity -- 5. Gender -- Part II: Institutions -- 6. Parenting -- 7. Schooling -- 8. Working -- 9. Dating -- Part III: Leisure -- 10. Sports -- 11. Televised Entertainment -- 12. News -- Part IV: Politics -- 13. Misinformation and Disinformation -- 14. Electoral Campaigns -- 15. Activism -- Part V: Innovations -- 16. Data Science -- 17. Virtual Reality -- 18. Space Exploration -- 19. Bricks and Cracks in the Digital Environment

Date

22. 6.2023 18:25:18

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Abstract

Thanks to modern technological advances, we now enjoy seemingly unlimited access to information. Yet how did information become so central to our everyday lives, and how did its processing and storage make our data-driven era possible? This volume is the first to consider these questions in comprehensive detail, tracing the global emergence of information practices, technologies, and more, from the premodern era to the present. With entries spanning archivists to algorithms and scribes to surveilling, this is the ultimate reference on how information has shaped and been shaped by societies.

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Abstract

Knowledge Architectures reviews traditional approaches to managing information and explains why they need to adapt to support 21st-century information management and discovery. Exploring the rapidly changing environment in which information is being managed and accessed, the book considers how to use knowledge architectures, the basic structures and designs that underlie all of the parts of an effective information system, to best advantage. Drawing on 40 years of work with a variety of organizations, Bedford explains that failure to understand the structure behind any given system can be the difference between an effective solution and a significant and costly failure. Demonstrating that the information user environment has shifted significantly in the past 20 years, the book explains that end users now expect designs and behaviors that are much closer to the way they think, work, and act. Acknowledging how important it is that those responsible for developing an information or knowledge management system understand knowledge structures, the book goes beyond a traditional library science perspective and uses case studies to help translate the abstract and theoretical to the practical and concrete. Explaining the structures in a simple and intuitive way and providing examples that clearly illustrate the challenges faced by a range of different organizations, Knowledge Architectures is essential reading for those studying and working in library and information science, data science, systems development, database design, and search system architecture and engineering.

Content

Section 1 Context and purpose of knowledge architecture -- 1 Making the case for knowledge architecture -- 2 The landscape of knowledge assets -- 3 Knowledge architecture and design -- 4 Knowledge architecture reference model -- 5 Knowledge architecture segments -- Section 2 Designing for availability -- 6 Knowledge object modeling -- 7 Knowledge structures for encoding, formatting, and packaging -- 8 Functional architecture for identification and distinction -- 9 Functional architectures for knowledge asset disposition and destruction -- 10 Functional architecture designs for knowledge preservation and conservation -- Section 3 Designing for accessibility -- 11 Functional architectures for knowledge seeking and discovery -- 12 Functional architecture for knowledge search -- 13 Functional architecture for knowledge categorization -- 14 Functional architectures for indexing and keywording -- 15 Functional architecture for knowledge semantics -- 16 Functional architecture for knowledge abstraction and surrogation -- Section 4 Functional architectures to support knowledge consumption -- 17 Functional architecture for knowledge augmentation, derivation, and synthesis -- 18 Functional architecture to manage risk and harm -- 19 Functional architectures for knowledge authentication and provenance -- 20 Functional architectures for securing knowledge assets -- 21 Functional architectures for authorization and asset management -- Section 5 Pulling it all together - the big picture knowledge architecture -- 22 Functional architecture for knowledge metadata and metainformation -- 23 The whole knowledge architecture - pulling it all together

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Footnote

Vgl. den Beitrag: "Über die neue Datenseligkeit Probleme des Umgangs mit Information nicht in den Hintergrund rücken" Für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs einen "geschützten Raum" in Open Password Nr.897 vom 09.03.2021 unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzI2OSwiYTBjNTIwMGQ1YTc5IiwwLDAsMjM4LDFd.

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Abstract

Information literacy and autonomy have become key values for the image of man in a society that is increasingly shaped by digitalization and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this book is to describe abstraction, analogy, inference, plausibility and creativity as basic skills of cognitive information processing and prerequisites for autonomous informational action.

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Abstract

The ubiquity of the filing cabinet in the twentieth-century office space, along with its noticeable absence of style, has obscured its transformative role in the histories of both information technology and work. In the first in-depth history of this neglected artifact, Craig Robertson explores how the filing cabinet profoundly shaped the way that information and data have been sorted, stored, retrieved, and used. Invented in the 1890s, the filing cabinet was a result of the nineteenth-century faith in efficiency. Previously, paper records were arranged haphazardly: bound into books, stacked in piles, curled into slots, or impaled on spindles. The filing cabinet organized loose papers in tabbed folders that could be sorted alphanumerically, radically changing how people accessed, circulated, and structured information. Robertson's unconventional history of the origins of the information age posits the filing cabinet as an information storage container, an 'automatic memory' machine that contributed to a new type of information labor privileging manual dexterity over mental deliberation. Gendered assumptions about women's nimble fingers helped to naturalize the changes that brought women into the workforce as low-level clerical workers. The filing cabinet emerges from this unexpected account as a sophisticated piece of information technology and a site of gendered labor that with its folders, files, and tabs continues to shape how we interact with information and data in today's digital world.

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Content

Enthält die Kapitel: Grußwort Hochschulverband Informationswissenschaft / Vorwort der Herausgeber / Rainer Kuhlen & Wolfgang Semar: A 1 Information - ein Konstrukt mit Folgen - 3 / Marlies Ockenfeld: A 2 Institutionalisierung der Informationswissenschaft und der IuD-Infrastruktur in Deutschland - 27 / Hans-Christoph Hobohm: A 3 Theorien in der Informationswissenschaft - 45 / Julia Maria Struß & Dirk Lewandowski: A 4 Methoden in der Informationswissenschaft - 57 / Ursula Georgy, Frauke Schade & Stefan Schmunk A 5 Ausbildung, Studium und Weiterbildung in der Informationswissenschaft - 71 / Robert Strötgen & René Schneider: A 6 Bibliotheken - 83 / Karin Schwarz: A 7 Archive - 93 / Hartwig Lüdtke: A 8 Museen - 103 / Barbara Müller-Heiden: A 9 Mediatheken - 111 / Ragna Seidler-de Alwis: A 10 Information Professionals - 117 / Axel Ermert: A 11 Normen und Standardisierung im Informationsbereich - 123 / Thomas Bähr: A 12 Langzeitarchivierung - 135 / Ulrich Reimer: B 1 Einführung in die Wissensorganisation - 147 / Gerd Knorz: B 2 Intellektuelles Indexieren - 159 / Klaus Lepsky: B 3 Automatisches Indexieren - 171 / Andreas Oskar Kempf: B 4 Thesauri - 183 / Michael Kleineberg: B 5 Klassifikation - 195 / Heidrun Wiesenmüller: B 6 Formale Erschließung - 207 / Jochen Fassbender: B 7 Register/Indexe - 219 / Udo Hahn: B 8 Abstracting - Textzusammenfassung - 233 / Rolf Assfalg: B 9 Metadaten - 245 / Heiko Rölke & Albert Weichselbraun: B 10 Ontologien und Linked Open Data - 257 / Isabelle Dorsch & Stefanie Haustein: B 11 Bibliometrie - 271 / Udo Hahn: B 12 Automatische Sprachverarbeitung - 281 /
Hans-Christian Jetter: B 13 Informationsvisualisierung und Visual Analytics - 295 / Melanie Siegel: B 14 Maschinelle Übersetzung - 307 / Ulrich Herb: B 15 Verfahren der wissenschaftlichen Qualitäts-/ Relevanzsicherung / Evaluierung - 317 / Thomas Mandl: B 16 Text Mining und Data Mining - 327 / Heike Neuroth: B 17 Forschungsdaten - 339 / Isabella Peters: B 18 Folksonomies & Social Tagging - 351 / Christa Womser-Hacker: C 1 Informationswissenschaftliche Perspektiven des Information Retrieval - 365 / Norbert Fuhr: C 2 Modelle im Information Retrieval - 379 / Dirk Lewandowski: C 3 Suchmaschinen - 391 / David Elsweiler & Udo Kruschwitz: C 4 Interaktives Information Retrieval - 403 / Thomas Mandl & Sebastian Diem: C 5 Bild- und Video-Retrieval - 413 / Maximilian Eibl, Josef Haupt, Stefan Kahl, Stefan Taubert & Thomas Wilhelm-Stein: C 6 Audio- und Musik-Retrieval - 423 / Christa Womser-Hacker: C 7 Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) - 433 / Vivien Petras & Christa Womser-Hacker: C 8 Evaluation im Information Retrieval - 443 / Philipp Schaer: C 9 Sprachmodelle und neuronale Netze im Information Retrieval - 455 / Stefanie Elbeshausen: C 10 Modellierung von Benutzer*innen, Kontextualisierung, Personalisierung - 467 / Ragna Seidler-de Alwis: C 11 Informationsrecherche - 477 / Ulrich Reimer: C 12 Empfehlungssysteme - 485 / Elke Greifeneder & Kirsten Schlebbe: D 1 Information Behaviour - 499 / Nicola Döring: D 2 Computervermittelte Kommunikation - 511 / Hans-Christian Jetter: D 3 Mensch-Computer-Interaktion, Usability und User Experience - 525 / Gabriele Irle: D 4 Emotionen im Information Seeking - 535 /
Kirsten Schlebbe & Elke Greifeneder: D 5 Information Need, Informationsbedarf und -bedürfnis - 543 / Dirk Lewandowski & Christa Womser-Hacker: D 6 Information Seeking Behaviour - 553 / Wolfgang Semar: D 7 Informations- und Wissensmanagement - 567 / Joachim Griesbaum: D 8 Informationskompetenz - 581 / Antje Michel, Maria Gäde, Anke Wittich & Inka Tappenbeck: D 9 Informationsdidaktik - 595 / Rainer Kuhlen: E 1 Informationsmarkt - 605 / Wolfgang Semar: E 2 Plattformökonomie - 621 / Tassilo Pellegrini & Jan Krone: E 3 Medienökonomie - 633 / Christoph Bläsi: E 4 Verlage in Wissenschaft und Bildung - 643 / Irina Sens, Alexander Pöche, Dana Vosberg, Judith Ludwig & Nicola Bieg: E 5 Lizenzierungsformen - 655 / Joachim Griesbaum: E 6 Online-Marketing - 667 / Frauke Schade & Ursula Georgy: E 7 Marketing für Informationseinrichtungen - 679 / Isabella Peters: E 8 Social Media & Social Web - 691 / Klaus Tochtermann & Anna Maria Höfler: E 9 Open Science - 703 / Ulrich Herb & Heinz Pampel: E 10 Open Access - 715 / Tobias Siebenlist: E 11 Open Data - 727 / Sigrid Fahrer & Tamara Heck: E 12 Open Educational Resources - 735 / Tobias Siebenlist: E 13 Open Government - 745 / Herrmann Rösch: F 1 Informationsethik - 755 / Bernard Bekavac: F 2 Informations-, Kommunikationstechnologien- und Webtechnologien - 773 / Peter Brettschneider: F 3 Urheberrecht - 789 / Johannes Caspar: F 4 Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit - 803 / Norman Meuschke, Nicole Walger & Bela Gipp: F 5 Plagiat - 817 / Rainer Kuhlen: F 6 Informationspathologien - Desinformation - 829 / Glossar

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Footnote

Vgl. auch: Open Password. Nr. 886 vom 21.02.2021 [https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzI0NywiMjhiNzY0YmRiYzBmIiwwLDAsMjIwLDFd].

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Content

Vgl.: Open Password. Nr.893 vom 01.03.2021 [https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzI2NiwiZmNiNTg4NTBjZGIyIiwwLDAsMjM2LDFd].

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Abstract

Since Oliver's guide was first published in 2010, thousands of LIS students, records managers, and catalogers and other library professionals have relied on its clear, plainspoken explanation of RDA: Resource Description and Access as their first step towards becoming acquainted with the cataloging standard. Now, reflecting the changes to RDA after the completion of the 3R Project, Oliver brings her Special Report up to date. This essential primer concisely explains what RDA is, its basic features, and the main factors in its development describes RDA's relationship to the international standards and models that continue to influence its evolution provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on the impact of the 3R Project, the results of aligning RDA with IFLA's Library Reference Model (LRM), and the outcomes of internationalization illustrates how information is organized in the post 3R Toolkit and explains how to navigate through this new structure; and discusses how RDA continues to enable improved resource discovery both in traditional and new applications, including the linked data environment.

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Abstract

Software has become a key component of contemporary life and algorithmic techniques that rank, classify, or recommend anything that fits into digital form are everywhere. This book approaches the field of information ordering conceptually as well as historically. Building on the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon and the cultural techniques tradition, it first examines the constructive and cumulative character of software and shows how software-making constantly draws on large reservoirs of existing knowledge and techniques. It then reconstructs the historical trajectories of a series of algorithmic techniques that have indeed become the building blocks for contemporary practices of ordering. Developed in opposition to centuries of library tradition, coordinate indexing, text processing, machine learning, and network algorithms instantiate dynamic, perspectivist, and interested forms of arranging information, ideas, or people. Embedded in technical infrastructures and economic logics, these techniques have become engines of order that transform the spaces they act upon.

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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"

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Content

Vorwort -- 1. Das digitale Zeitalter -- Zeitenwende -- Die Vorherrschaft des Buchdrucks geht zu Ende -- Wann beginnt das digitale Zeitalter? -- 2. Zwischen Euphorie und Apokalypse -- Digitalisierung. Einfach. Machen -- Euphorie -- Apokalypse -- Verantwortungsethik -- Der Mensch als Subjekt der Ethik -- Verantwortung als Prinzip -- 3. Digitalisierter Alltag in einer globalisierten Welt -- Vom World Wide Web zum Internet der Dinge -- Mobiles Internet und digitale Bildung -- Digitale Plattformen und ihre Strategien -- Big Data und informationelle Selbstbestimmung -- 4. Grenzüberschreitungen -- Die Erosion des Privaten -- Die Deformation des Öffentlichen -- Die Senkung von Hemmschwellen -- Das Verschwinden der Wirklichkeit -- Die Wahrheit in der Infosphäre -- 5. Die Zukunft der Arbeit -- Industrielle Revolutionen -- Arbeit 4.0 -- Ethik 4.0 -- 6. Digitale Intelligenz -- Können Computer dichten? -- Stärker als der Mensch? -- Maschinelles Lernen -- Ein bleibender Unterschied -- Ethische Prinzipien für den Umgang mit digitaler Intelligenz -- Medizin als Beispiel -- 7. Die Würde des Menschen im digitalen Zeitalter -- Kränkungen oder Revolutionen -- Transhumanismus und Posthumanismus -- Gibt es Empathie ohne Menschen? -- Wer ist autonom: Mensch oder Maschine? -- Humanismus der Verantwortung -- 8. Die Zukunft des Homo sapiens -- Vergöttlichung des Menschen -- Homo deus -- Gott und Mensch im digitalen Zeitalter -- Veränderung der Menschheit -- Literatur -- Personenregister.