Search (16 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

22. 6.2009 12:46:51

Footnote

Im fünften Kapitel "Information Extraction" geht Nohr auf eine Problemstellung ein, die in der Fachwelt eine noch stärkere Betonung verdiente: "Die stetig ansteigende Zahl elektronischer Dokumente macht neben einer automatischen Erschließung auch eine automatische Gewinnung der relevanten Informationen aus diesen Dokumenten wünschenswert, um diese z.B. für weitere Bearbeitungen oder Auswertungen in betriebliche Informationssysteme übernehmen zu können." (S. 103) "Indexierung und Retrievalverfahren" als voneinander abhängige Verfahren werden im sechsten Kapitel behandelt. Hier stehen Relevance Ranking und Relevance Feedback sowie die Anwendung informationslinguistischer Verfahren in der Recherche im Mittelpunkt. Die "Evaluation automatischer Indexierung" setzt den thematischen Schlusspunkt. Hier geht es vor allem um die Oualität einer Indexierung, um gängige Retrievalmaße in Retrievaltest und deren Einssatz. Weiterhin ist hervorzuheben, dass jedes Kapitel durch die Vorgabe von Lernzielen eingeleitet wird und zu den jeweiligen Kapiteln (im hinteren Teil des Buches) einige Kontrollfragen gestellt werden. Die sehr zahlreichen Beispiele aus der Praxis, ein Abkürzungsverzeichnis und ein Sachregister erhöhen den Nutzwert des Buches. Die Lektüre förderte beim Rezensenten das Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge von BID-Handwerkzeug, Wirtschaftsinformatik (insbesondere Data Warehousing) und Künstlicher Intelligenz. Die "Grundlagen der automatischen Indexierung" sollte auch in den bibliothekarischen Studiengängen zur Pflichtlektüre gehören. Holger Nohrs Lehrbuch ist auch für den BID-Profi geeignet, um die mehr oder weniger fundierten Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet "automatisches Indexieren" schnell, leicht verständlich und informativ aufzufrischen."

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Abstract

This book provides a theoretical and practical explanation of the latest advancements in information retrieval and their application to existing systems. It takes a system approach, discussing all aspects of an IR system. The major difference between this book and the first edition is the addition to this text of descriptions of the automated indexing of multimedia dicuments, as items in information retrieval are now considered to be a combination of text along with graphics, audio, image and video data types. The growth of the Internet and the availability of enormous volumes of data in digital form have necessitated intense interest in techniques to assist the user in locating data

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Object

DDC-22

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Classification

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

RVK

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

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Abstract

A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.

Content

1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons

Object

DDC-22

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DDC-22

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Date

10. 9.2004 10:22:40

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Abstract

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionise the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own. It includes exercises, project descriptions and annotated references to relevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer is the only available book on the Semantic Web to include a systematic treatment of the different languages (XML, RDF, OWL and rules) and technologies (explicit metadata, ontologies and logic and interference) that are central to Semantic Web development. The book also examines such crucial related topics as ontology engineering and application scenarios. After an introductory chapter, topics covered in succeeding chapters include XML and related technologies that support semantic interoperability; RDF and RDF Schema, the standard data model for machine-processable semantics; and OWL, the W3C-approved standard for a Web ontology language more extensive than RDF Schema; rules, both monotonic and nonmonotonic, in the framework of the Semantic Web; selected application domains and how the Semantic Web would benefit them; the development of ontology-based systems; and current debates on key issues and predictions for the future.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1132-1133 (H. Che): "The World Wide Web has been the main source of an important shift in the way people communicate with each other, get information, and conduct business. However, most of the current Web content is only suitable for human consumption. The main obstacle to providing better quality of service is that the meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible. The "Semantic Web" is envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee as a logical extension to the current Web that enables explicit representations of term meaning. It aims to bring the Web to its full potential via the exploration of these machine-processable metadata. To fulfill this, it pros ides some meta languages like RDF, OWL, DAML+OIL, and SHOE for expressing knowledge that has clear, unambiguous meanings. The first steps in searing the Semantic Web into the current Web are successfully underway. In the forthcoming years, these efforts still remain highly focused in the research and development community. In the next phase, the Semantic Web will respond more intelligently to user queries. The first chapter gets started with an excellent introduction to the Semantic Web vision. At first, today's Web is introduced, and problems with some current applications like search engines are also covered. Subsequently, knowledge management. business-to-consumer electronic commerce, business-to-business electronic commerce, and personal agents are used as examples to show the potential requirements for the Semantic Web. Next comes the brief description of the underpinning technologies, including metadata, ontology, logic, and agent. The differences between the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence are also discussed in a later subsection. In section 1.4, the famous "laser-cake" diagram is given to show a layered view of the Semantic Web. From chapter 2, the book starts addressing some of the most important technologies for constructing the Semantic Web. In chapter 2, the authors discuss XML and its related technologies such as namespaces, XPath, and XSLT. XML is a simple, very flexible text format which is often used for the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. The W3C has defined various languages on top of XML, such as RDF. Although this chapter is very well planned and written, many details are not included because of the extensiveness of the XML technologies. Many other books on XML provide more comprehensive coverage.
The next chapter introduces resource description framework (RDF) and RDF schema (RDFS). Unlike XML, RDF provides a foundation for expressing the semantics of dada: it is a standard dada model for machine-processable semantics. Resource description framework schema offers a number of modeling primitives for organizing RDF vocabularies in typed hierarchies. In addition to RDF and RDFS, a query language for RDF, i.e. RQL. is introduced. This chapter and the next chapter are two of the most important chapters in the book. Chapter 4 presents another language called Web Ontology Language (OWL). Because RDFS is quite primitive as a modeling language for the Web, more powerful languages are needed. A richer language. DAML+OIL, is thus proposed as a joint endeavor of the United States and Europe. OWL takes DAML+OIL as the starting point, and aims to be the standardized and broadly accepted ontology language. At the beginning of the chapter, the nontrivial relation with RDF/RDFS is discussed. Then the authors describe the various language elements of OWL in some detail. Moreover, Appendix A contains an abstract OWL syntax. which compresses OWL and makes OWL much easier to read. Chapter 5 covers both monotonic and nonmonotonic rules. Whereas the previous chapter's mainly concentrate on specializations of knowledge representation, this chapter depicts the foundation of knowledge representation and inference. Two examples are also givwn to explain monotonic and non-monotonic rules, respectively. "To get the most out of the chapter. readers had better gain a thorough understanding of predicate logic first. Chapter 6 presents several realistic application scenarios to which the Semantic Web technology can be applied. including horizontal information products at Elsevier, data integration at Audi, skill finding at Swiss Life, a think tank portal at EnerSearch, e-learning. Web services, multimedia collection indexing, online procurement, raid device interoperability. These case studies give us some real feelings about the Semantic Web.

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Abstract

This established textbook introduces the essentials of classification as used for information processing. The third edition takes account of developments that have taken place since the second edition was published in 2002. "Classification Made Simple" provides a useful gateway to more advanced works and the study of specific schemes. As an introductory text, it will be invaluable to students of information work and to anyone inside or outside the information profession who needs to understand the manner in which classification can be utilized to facilitate and enhance organisation and retrieval.

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Source

Password. 2000, H.5, S.22-31

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Date

17. 6.2015 15:22:06

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Rainer Kuhlen: Information Thomas Seeger: Entwicklung der Fachinformation und -kommunikation Thomas Seeger: Professionalisierung in der Informationsarbeit: Beruf und Ausbildung in Deutschland Marlies Ockenfeld: Nationale und internationale Institutionen Rainer Kuhlen: Informationsethik Thomas Seeger: (Fach-)Informationspolitik in Deutschland (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) Jürgen W Goebel: Informationsrecht -Recht der Informationswirtschaft Rainer Kuhlen: Wissensökologie Wolfgang Ratzek: Informationsutopien - Proaktive Zukunftsgestaltung. Ein Essay Hans Jürgen Manecke: Klassifikation, Klassieren Margarete Burkart: Thesaurus Ulrich Reimer: Wissensbasierte Verfahren der Organisation und Vermittlung von Information Heidrun Wiesenmüller: Informationsaufbereitung I: Formale Erfassung Gerhard Knorz: Informationsaufbereitung II: Indexieren Rainer Kuhlen: Informationsaufbereitung III: Referieren (Abstracts - Abstracting - Grundlagen) Norbert Fuhr: Theorie des Information Retrieval I: Modelle Holger Nohr: Theorie des Information Retrieval II: Automatische Indexierung Christa Womser-Hacker: Theorie des Information Retrieval III: Evaluierung Walther Umstätter: Szientometrische Verfahren Josef Herget: Informationsmanagement Holger Nohr: Wissensmanagement Michael Kluck: Methoden der Informationsanalyse - Einführung in die empirischen Methoden für die Informationsbedarfsanalyse und die Markt- und Benutzerforschung Michael Kluck: Die Informationsanalyse im Online-Zeitalter. Befunde der Benutzerforschung zum Informationsverhalten im Internet Alfred Kobsa: Adaptive Verfahren -Benutzermodellierung Stefan Grudowski: Innerbetriebliches Informationsmarketing Marc Rittberger: Informationsqualität Bernard Bekavac: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien Thomas Schütz: Dokumentenmanagement Nicola Döring: Computervermittelte Kommunikation, Mensch-Computer-Interaktion Daniel A. Keim: Datenvisualisierung und Data Mining Jürgen Krause: Software-Ergonomie Marlies Ockenfeld: Gedruckte Informations- und Suchdienste Joachim Kind: Praxis des Information Retrieval Bernard Bekavac: Metainformationsdienste des Internet Elke Lang: Datenbanken und Datenbank-Management-Systeme Rainer Hammwöhner: Hypertext Ralph Schmidt: Informationsvermittlung Rainer Bohnert: Technologietransfer Holger Nohr: Rechnergestützte Gruppenarbeit. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)

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Series

Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.22

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Content

"The contents of the book cover: This book is intended as an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification, edition 22. It is not a substitute for it, and I assume that you have it, all four volumes of it, by you while reading the book. I have deliberately included only a short section an WebDewey. This is partly because WebDewey is likely to change more frequently than the printed version, but also because this book is intended to help you use the scheme regardless of the manifestation in which it appears. If you have a subscription to WebDewey and not the printed volumes you may be able to manage with that, but you may then find my references to volumes and page numbers baffling. All the examples and exercises are real; what is not real is the idea that you can classify something without seeing more than the title. However, there is nothing that I can do about this, and I have therefore tried to choose examples whose titles adequately express their subject-matter. Sometimes when you look at the 'answers' you may feel that you have been cheated, but I hope that this will be seldom. Two people deserve special thanks. My colleague Vanda Broughton has read drafts of the book and made many suggestions. Ross Trotter, chair of the CILIP Dewey Decimal Classification Committee, who knows more about Dewey than anyone in Britain today, has commented extensively an it and as far as possible has saved me from error, as well as suggesting many improvements. What errors remain are due to me alone. Thanks are also owed to OCLC Online Computer Library Center, for permission to reproduce some specimen pages of DDC 22. Excerpts from the Dewey Decimal Classification are taken from the Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 which is Copyright 2003 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. DDC, Dewey, Dewey Decimal Classification and WebDewey are registered trademarks of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc."

Object

DDC-22

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Footnote

Rez. in: XML Magazin und Web Services 2003, H.1, S.14 (S. Meyen): "Seit dem 22. Februar 1999 ist das Resource Description Framework (RDF) als W3C-Empfehlung verfügbar. Doch was steckt hinter diesem Standard, der das Zeitalter des Semantischen Webs einläuten soll? Was RDF bedeutet, wozu man es einsetzt, welche Vorteile es gegenüber XML hat und wie man RDF anwendet, soll in diesem Artikel erläutert werden. Schlägt man das Buch auf und beginnt, im EinleitungsKapitel zu schmökern, fällt sogleich ins Auge, dass der Leser nicht mit Lektionen im Stile von "bei XML sind die spitzen Klammern ganz wichtig" belehrt wird, obgleich es sich um ein Buch für Anfänger handelt. Im Gegenteil: Es geht gleich zur Sache und eine gesunde Mischung an Vorkenntnissen wird vorausgesetzt. Wer sich heute für XML interessiert, der hat ja mit 99-prozentiger Wahrscheinlichkeit schon seine einschlägigen Erfahrungen mit HTML und dem Web gemacht und ist kein Newbie in dem Reich der spitzen Klammern und der (einigermaßen) wohlformatierten Dokumente. Und hier liegt eine deutliche Stärke des Werkes Helmut Vonhoegens, der seinen Einsteiger-Leser recht gut einzuschätzen weiß und ihn daher praxisnah und verständlich ans Thema heranführt. Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Document Type Definition (DTD) und beschreibt deren Einsatzziele und Verwendungsweisen. Doch betont der Autor hier unablässig die Begrenztheit dieses Ansatzes, welche den Ruf nach einem neuen Konzept deutlich macht: XML Schema, welches er im folgenden Kapitel darstellt. Ein recht ausführliches Kapitel widmet sich dann dem relativ aktuellen XML Schema-Konzept und erläutert dessen Vorzüge gegenüber der DTD (Modellierung komplexer Datenstrukturen, Unterstützung zahlreicher Datentypen, Zeichenbegrenzungen u.v.m.). XML Schema legt, so erfährt der Leser, wie die alte DTD, das Vokabular und die zulässige Grammatik eines XML-Dokuments fest, ist aber seinerseits ebenfalls ein XML-Dokument und kann (bzw. sollte) wie jedes andere XML auf Wohlgeformtheit überprüft werden. Weitere Kapitel behandeln die Navigations-Standards XPath, XLink und XPointer, Transformationen mit XSLT und XSL und natürlich die XML-Programmierschnittstellen DOM und SAX. Dabei kommen verschiedene Implementierungen zum Einsatz und erfreulicherweise werden Microsoft-Ansätze auf der einen und Java/Apache-Projekte auf der anderen Seite in ungefähr vergleichbarem Umfang vorgestellt. Im letzten Kapitel schließlich behandelt Vonhoegen die obligatorischen Web Services ("Webdienste") als Anwendungsfall von XML und demonstriert ein kleines C#- und ASP-basiertes Beispiel (das Java-Äquivalent mit Apache Axis fehlt leider). "Einstieg in XML" präsentiert seinen Stoff in klar verständlicher Form und versteht es, seine Leser auf einem guten Niveau "abzuholen". Es bietet einen guten Überblick über die Grundlagen von XML und kann - zumindest derzeit noch - mit recht hoher Aktualität aufwarten."

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Date

22. 6.2005 15:12:11