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Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 0.03
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Abstract

Report on a subject analysis review undertaken to aid managers of databases in determining if new and little-known capabilities would improve the cost-effectiveness of subject analysis operations. Operational machine-aided and automatic indexing systems were found to form a continuum. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The primary obstacle to development of automatic indexing is the lack of machine understanding of natural language. Recommendations for action include: increasing the power of the indexer interface, studying indexing policies, enrichment of thesauri, and considering the development of machine-aided indexing

Editor

Knowledge-based systems development
Milstead, J.L.; Berger, M.C.: ¬The Engineering Information thesaurus development project (1993) 0.03
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Abstract

Reports on the development of a thesaurus by Engineering Information, Inc. for use in indexing its databases. The concept in the former, highly precoordinate, indexing vocabulary were converted into postcoodinate descriptors, and a full set of thesaural relationships developed. Issues to be resolved in developing the vocabulary included the degree of postcoordination that was appropriate, the need to make the thesaurus usable with retrospective indexing that could not be converted and the demands on in-house staff during the development and conversion process

Milstead, J.L.: Thesaurus software packages (1990) 0.02

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Abstract: Describes and compares thesaurus development and management software packages and modules, and one service bereau operation. A major emphasis is placed on the extent to which each package provides assistance both in automation of repetitive work and in prevention of errors. Hardware requirements and software compatibility are also considered. Primary attention is given to specialised thesaurus requirements

Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 0.02
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Abstract

The goal of the study was to determine the state of the art of subject analysis as applied to large bibliographic data bases. The intent was to gather and evaluate information, casting it in a form that could be applied by management. There was no attempt to determine actual costs or trade-offs among costs and possible benefits. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The overall conclusion was that data base producers should begin working seriously on upgrading their thesauri and codifying their indexing policies as a means of moving toward development of machine aids to indexing, but that fully automatic indexing is not yet ready for wholesale implementation
Milstead, J.L.: Specifications for thesaurus software (1991) 0.01
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Abstract

Specifications are presented for software designed to support manual development and maintenance of information retrieval thesauri. The specifications are intended to support both evaluation of existing packages for acquisition and design of custom software. Specialized requirements of thesaurus support are emphasized over more general database management requirements. Requirements for integration with larger systems and for the user interface are summarized. Relationships specified by the ANSI standard should be supported, and the relationships should be validated to avoid introduction of conflicting relationships. Flexibility in availability of note and date fields is important, and where required, term classifications should be available. Maintenance procedures should include provision for feedback on the impact of changes, as well as appropriate levels of approval for changes. A wide variety of online displays and printed reports are required, including but not limited to alphabetical, hierarchical, and rotated. In addition, it is desirable to be absle to search the thesaurus database with such capabilities as Boolean logic and proximity operators
Milstead, J.L.: Standards for relationships between subject indexing terms (2001) 0.01
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Abstract

Relationships between the terms in thesauri and Indexes are the subject of national and international standards. The standards for thesauri enumerate and provide criteria for three basic types of relationship: equivalence, hierarchical, and associative. Standards and guidelines for indexes draw an the thesaurus standards to provide less detailed guidance for showing relationships between the terms used in an Index. The international standard for multilingual thesauri adds recommendations for assuring equal treatment of the languages of a thesaurus. The present standards were developed when lookup and search were essentially manual, and the value of the kinds of relationships has never been determined. It is not clear whether users understand or can use the distinctions between kinds of relationships. On the other hand, sophisticated text analysis systems may be able both to assist with development of more powerful term relationship schemes and to use the relationships to improve retrieval.
Milstead, J.L.: Needs for research in indexing (1994) 0.01
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Abstract

In recent years, the amount of research in indexing appears to have decreased, despite the continued need for improvement in both quality and cost-effectiveness of indexing. The primary purpose of any index is to permit users to locate information; this implies both a need for research into user needs per se, and a requirement that any research be oriented toward the goal of meeting those needs. Cognitive processes of both indexers and index users need study; the former appear not to have been explicitely addressed in the literature. Issues of vocabulary control - the extent of control, or even whether it should be used at all - continue to present problems, despite the continued development of tools intended to aid in such control. Increased computer power has made it possible to relegate to the computer more of the tasks formerly carried out by humans. The need to determine how best to supplement human intellectual effort with computer capabilities has become urgent. Structure and layout of indexes, both on the printed page and on computer screens, remain primarily a matter of folklore and intuition, despite the existence of some research on the topic. Finally, more research on evaluation of indexes is required, to assure that all other efforts contribute to actual usability of the final product

Milstead, J.L.: Vocabulary management and database quality (1995) 0.01

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Date: 11. 1.1997 19:29:57

Milstead, J.L.; Borko, H.: Shoes for the Cobbler's children : the ASIS thesaurus (1994) 0.01

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Source: Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 21(1994) no.1, S.22-24

Milstead, J.L.: Thesauri in a full-text world (1998) 0.00

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Date: 22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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