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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: AUSTIN, D.: The development of PRECIS, and introduction to its syntax; AUSTIN, D.: The semantics of PRECIS: vocabulary control and the RIN system; AUSTIN, D.: Management aspects of PRECIS, and current research and development; SØRENSEN, J.: Multilingual aspects of PRECIS; RICHMOND, P.A.: PRECIS compared with other indexing systems; BRUIN, V. de: PRECIS in a university library; SCHABAS, A.H.: Machine searching of UK MARC on title, LCSH, and PRECIS for selective dissemeination of information; TAYLOR, A.: Manual application of PRECIS in a high school library; ROBINSON, C.D.: Indexing nonbook materials by PRECIS; DYKSTRA, M.: The National Film Board of Canada project; COOK, C.D.: The practical possibilities of PRECIS in North America

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Abstract

Derek Austin's PRECIS, or PREserved Context Index System, was one of the most sophisticated indexing systems ever developed for text. Austin noted that there are many ways that the meaning of index entries may be misread and misunderstood, if the original context from which the concept came was not present. Drawing on a good understanding of linguistics, Austin and his colleagues developed a highly rigorous, yet not impossibly difficult, set of principles to use in indexing with the help of PRECIS. The system was particularly valuable for generating multiple word orderings of entries that still retained their proper contextual meaning. Much of the need for this feature was obviated by the development of powerful full text searching in information systems, however, and PRECIS receded from view in information science. The final sections of the article that address the details of coding and indexing management are deleted from the text below.

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Date

6. 1.1999 9:29:10

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Abstract

The system itself has two major aspects: - a syntactic approach in which relationships between terms are identified and tagged. Suitable algorithms for manipulation produce a very thorough index in which each head word is kept in context. - a semantic approach in which terminology is weIl defined by ensuring that the relationships of equivalence, hierarchy, and association are clearly established. Charts of relationships are created by inductive means (i.e., from the ground up). A special code for computer manipulation is used with each line of the string. This translates the string format into one that, with specially derived algorithms, can be used by the computer, to produce the actual index headings with all parts rotated by following the algorithm. The PRECIS system has been translated and utilized for languages other than English, notably French, German, and Danish. Modifications needed for idiosyncracies of each language have been made. Some, such as those modifications needed for German, have turned out to have usefulness with English as weIl. All in all, the system has such advanced indexing concepts that it provides a kind of indexing not possible before the computer came into common usage. Austin, who joined the staff of the British National Bibliography in 1963, is currently a member of the British Library staff. His early work included a NATO-sponsored research assignment for the Classification Research Group (q.v.). This, in turn, led to the development of PRECIS.